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  1. Article: Comparison of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and oral fluids of HIV-negative individuals aged 3-89 years from Uganda.

    Nalwoga, Angela / Marshall, Vickie / Miley, Wendell / Labo, Nazzarena / Whitby, Denise / Newton, Robert / Rochford, Rosemary

    Infectious agents and cancer

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 38

    Abstract: We previously found that age, sex and malaria were associated with KSHV in individuals from Uganda. In this study, we have evaluated these same factors in relation to EBV in the same specimens. Overall, 74% (oral fluids) and 46% (PBMCs) had detectable ... ...

    Abstract We previously found that age, sex and malaria were associated with KSHV in individuals from Uganda. In this study, we have evaluated these same factors in relation to EBV in the same specimens. Overall, 74% (oral fluids) and 46% (PBMCs) had detectable EBV. This was significantly higher than observed for KSHV (24% oral fluids and 11% PBMCs). Individuals with EBV in PBMCs were more likely to have KSHV in PBMCs (P = 0.011). The peak age for detection of EBV in oral fluids was 3-5 years while that of KSHV was 6-12 years. In PBMCs, there was a bimodal peak age for detection of EBV (at 3-5 years and 66 + years) while for KSHV there was a single peak at 3-5 years. Individuals with malaria had higher levels of EBV in PBMCs compared to malaria-negative individuals (P = 0.002). In summary, our results show that younger age and malaria are associated with higher levels of EBV and KSHV in PBMCs suggesting malaria impacts immunity to both gamma-herpesviruses.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2251117-9
    ISSN 1750-9378
    ISSN 1750-9378
    DOI 10.1186/s13027-023-00516-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Comparison of Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and oral fluids of HIV-negative individuals aged 3 to 89 years from Uganda.

    Nalwoga, Angela / Marshall, Vickie / Miley, Wendell / Labo, Nazzarena / Whitby, Denise / Newton, Robert / Rochford, Rosemary

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: We previously found that age, sex, and malaria were associated with KSHV viral load in individuals from Uganda. In this study, we have evaluated factors associated with presence of EBV DNA in blood and oral fluids among the same individuals, using the ... ...

    Abstract We previously found that age, sex, and malaria were associated with KSHV viral load in individuals from Uganda. In this study, we have evaluated factors associated with presence of EBV DNA in blood and oral fluids among the same individuals, using the same biological samples. Overall, 74% of oral fluids samples and 46% of PBMCs had detectable EBV, compared to 24% and 11% for KSHV respectively Individuals with EBV in PBMCs were more likely to have KSHV in PBMCs (P=0.016). The peak age for detection of EBV in oral fluids was 3-5 years while that of KSHV was 6-12 years. In PBMCs, the peak age for detection of EBV was 66+ years and KSHV was 3-5 years. Individuals with malaria had higher levels of EBV in PBMCs compared to malaria-negative individuals (P=0.002). In summary, our results show that younger age and malaria are associated with higher levels of EBV and KSHV in PBMCs suggesting malaria impacts immunity to EBV and KSHV.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2613771/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Vasculopathy and Coagulopathy Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

    Labò, Nazzarena / Ohnuki, Hidetaka / Tosato, Giovanna

    Cells

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 7

    Abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late December 2019 and June 2020. Neither curative anti-viral drugs nor a protective vaccine is currently available for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Recently, new clinical syndromes associated with coagulopathy and vasculopathy have emerged as a cause of sudden death and other serious clinical manifestations in younger patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, is a transmembrane protein expressed by lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, whose physiologic role is to induce the maturation of angiotensin I to generate angiotensin 1-7, a peptide hormone that controls vasoconstriction and blood pressure. In this review, we provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on endothelial cells, describe the vasculopathy and coagulopathy syndromes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and outline current understanding of the underlying mechanistic aspects.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; Blood Coagulation ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular/virology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thromboembolism/etiology
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells9071583
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Vasculopathy and Coagulopathy Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Nazzarena Labò / Hidetaka Ohnuki / Giovanna Tosato

    Cells, Vol 9, Iss 1583, p

    2020  Volume 1583

    Abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late December 2019 and June 2020. Neither curative anti-viral drugs nor a protective vaccine is currently available for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Recently, new clinical syndromes associated with coagulopathy and vasculopathy have emerged as a cause of sudden death and other serious clinical manifestations in younger patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, is a transmembrane protein expressed by lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, whose physiologic role is to induce the maturation of angiotensin I to generate angiotensin 1-7, a peptide hormone that controls vasoconstriction and blood pressure. In this review, we provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on endothelial cells, describe the vasculopathy and coagulopathy syndromes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and outline current understanding of the underlying mechanistic aspects.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; ACE2 ; inflammatory cytokines ; vasculopathy ; vascular inflammation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Associated With Increased Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seropositivity and Higher KSHV Antibody Breadth and Magnitude: Results of a Case-Control Study From Rural Uganda.

    Nalwoga, Angela / Sabourin, Katherine R / Miley, Wendell / Jackson, Conner / Maktabi, Mahdi / Labo, Nazzarena / Mugisha, Joseph / Whitby, Denise / Rochford, Rosemary / Newton, Robert

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 229, Issue 2, Page(s) 432–442

    Abstract: Background: Previously, we showed that children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection had higher Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load, increased risk of KSHV seropositivity, and higher KSHV antibody levels. We ...

    Abstract Background: Previously, we showed that children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection had higher Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load, increased risk of KSHV seropositivity, and higher KSHV antibody levels. We hypothesize that clinical malaria has an even larger association with KSHV seropositivity. In the current study, we investigated the association between clinical malaria and KSHV seropositivity and antibody levels.
    Methods: Between December 2020 and March 2022, sick children (aged 5-10 years) presenting at a clinic in Uganda were enrolled in a case-control study. Pf was detected using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and subsequently with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Children with malaria were categorized into 2 groups: RDT+/PfPCR+ and RDT-/PfPCR+.
    Results: The seropositivity of KSHV was 60% (47/78) among Pf-uninfected children, 79% (61/77) among children who were RDT-/PfPCR+ (odds ratio [OR], 2.41 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.15-5.02]), and 95% (141/149) in children who were RDT+/PfPCR+ (OR, 10.52 [95% CI, 4.17-26.58]; Ptrend < .001). Furthermore, RDT+/PfPCR+ children followed by RDT-/PfPCR+ children had higher KSHV IgG and IgM antibody levels and reacted to more KSHV antigens compared to uninfected children.
    Conclusions: Clinical malaria is associated with both increased KSHV seropositivity and antibody magnitude, suggesting that Pf is affecting KSHV immunity.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis ; Malaria/complications ; Antibodies, Viral ; Plasmodium falciparum
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad308
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Vasculopathy and Coagulopathy Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Labò, Nazzarena / Ohnuki, Hidetaka / Tosato, Giovanna

    Abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in > 500,000 deaths worldwide, including > 125,000 deaths in the U.S. since its emergence in late December 2019 and June 2020. Neither curative anti-viral drugs nor a protective vaccine is currently available for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Recently, new clinical syndromes associated with coagulopathy and vasculopathy have emerged as a cause of sudden death and other serious clinical manifestations in younger patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, is a transmembrane protein expressed by lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, whose physiologic role is to induce the maturation of angiotensin I to generate angiotensin 1-7, a peptide hormone that controls vasoconstriction and blood pressure. In this review, we provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on endothelial cells, describe the vasculopathy and coagulopathy syndromes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and outline current understanding of the underlying mechanistic aspects.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #635820
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic marker for pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma.

    Saberian, Chantal / Lurain, Kathryn / Hill, Lindsay K / Marshall, Vickie / Castro, Elena M Cornejo / Labo, Nazzarena / Miley, Wendell / Moore, Kyle / Roshan, Romin / Ruggerio, Margie / Ryan, Kerry / Widell, Anaida / Ekwede, Irene / Mangusan, Ralph / Rupert, Adam / Barochia, Amisha / Whitby, Denise / Yarchoan, Robert / Ramaswami, Ramya

    AIDS (London, England)

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor that affects the pulmonary system. However, the diagnosis of airway lesions suggestive of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (pKS) is reliant on bronchoscopic visualization. We evaluated the role of Kaposi sarcoma ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor that affects the pulmonary system. However, the diagnosis of airway lesions suggestive of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (pKS) is reliant on bronchoscopic visualization. We evaluated the role of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with bronchoscopic evidence of pKS and evaluated inflammatory cytokine profiles in BAL and blood samples.
    Design: In this retrospective study, we evaluated KSHV viral load and cytokine profiles within BAL and blood samples in patients who underwent bronchoscopy for suspected pKS between 2016 and 2021.
    Methods: KSHV viral load and cytokine profiles were obtained from both the circulation and BAL samples collected at the time of bronchoscopy to evaluate compartment-specific characteristics. BAL was centrifuged and stored as cell pellets and KSHV viral load was measured using primers for the KSHV K6 gene regions.
    Results: We evaluated 38 BAL samples from 32 patients (30 with HIV co-infection) of whom 23 had pKS. In patients with airway lesions suggestive of pKS, there was higher KSHV viral load (median 3188 vs. 0 copies/106 cell equivalent; P = 0.0047). A BAL KSHV viral load cutoff of 526 copies/106 cells had a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 89% in determining lesions consistent with pKS. Those with pKS also had higher IL-1β and IL-8 levels in BAL. The 3-year survival rate for pKS patients was 55%.
    Conclusion: KSHV viral load in BAL shows potential for aiding in pKS diagnosis. Patients with pKS also have evidence of cytokine dysregulation in BAL.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003897
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Prevalence, Incidence, and Predictors of Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United States.

    Salyards, Maverick / Nijhawan, Ank E / Kuo, Jacky / Knights, Sheena M / Lazarte, Susana / Labo, Nazzarena / Miley, Wendell / Whitby, Denise / Hwang, Lu-Yu / Kornberg, Anna-William / Fujimoto, Kayo / Chiao, Elizabeth Y

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2023  

    Abstract: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in populations at risk in the southern US. Utilizing biospecimens from the Houston site of the Young Men's Affiliate Project, 351 men who have sex with men had blood tested for ... ...

    Abstract Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in populations at risk in the southern US. Utilizing biospecimens from the Houston site of the Young Men's Affiliate Project, 351 men who have sex with men had blood tested for Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) IgG. Measuring seroprevalence, seroconversion between timepoints, and demographic and clinical correlates, KSHV prevalence was 36.7% and incidence was 8.9 per 100 person-years, prevalence and incidence were higher among Black individuals, people living with HIV, and those with a history of syphilis. Further research on KSHV risk may improve health disparities in KS diagnosis and outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad384
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  9. Article ; Online: Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus viral load as a biomarker for leptomeningeal involvement by primary effusion lymphoma.

    Lurain, Kathryn / Ramaswami, Ramya / Marshall, Vickie / Castro, Elena M Cornejo / Labo, Nazzarena / Miley, Wendell / Moore, Kyle / Roshan, Romin / Mangusan, Ralph / Jaffe, Elaine S / Pittaluga, Stefania / Wang, Hao-Wei / Roth, Mark / Filie, Armando C / Uldrick, Thomas S / Whitby, Denise / Yarchoan, Robert

    Haematologica

    2023  Volume 108, Issue 7, Page(s) 1940–1944

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/pathology ; Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/diagnosis ; Viral Load ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2333-4
    ISSN 1592-8721 ; 0017-6567 ; 0390-6078
    ISSN (online) 1592-8721
    ISSN 0017-6567 ; 0390-6078
    DOI 10.3324/haematol.2022.281472
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of Maternal HIV Infection on Early Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Seroconversion in a Kenyan Mother-Infant Cohort.

    Sabourin, Katherine R / Ogolla, Sidney / Reyes, Gabriela Samayoa / Daud, Ibrahim / Jackson, Conner L / Labo, Nazzarena / Miley, Wendell / Whitby, Denise / Lamb, Molly M / Rochford, Rosemary / Dent, Arlene

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 228, Issue 10, Page(s) 1357–1366

    Abstract: Background: We identified whether maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy affects transplacental transfer of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific antibodies and subsequent infant infection.: Methods: We ...

    Abstract Background: We identified whether maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy affects transplacental transfer of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific antibodies and subsequent infant infection.
    Methods: We followed pregnant Kenyan women through delivery and their infants until age 2 years. Children were classified as HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) or HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) based on maternal HIV status. Maternal venous and cord blood at delivery and child venous blood every 6 months were tested for antibodies to 20 KSHV antigens by multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using false discovery rate (FDR).
    Results: Maternal HIV infection was significantly associated with decreased transplacental transfer of antibodies against all KSHV antigens and lower cord blood levels for 8 antigens at FDR P < .10. Neither birth to 6-month antibody level changes nor 6-month levels differed in HEU and HUU, except for ORF50. By age 24 months, 74% of children KSHV seroconverted but HEU and HUU did not differ in time to seroconversion nor 2-year seropositivity after adjustment for child malaria infection.
    Conclusions: Maternal HIV infection reduced a child's initial KSHV antibody levels but did not affect age of infection. Regardless of HIV exposure in utero, KSHV seroconversion in Kenyan children occurred early; associated factors must be identified.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Infant ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; HIV Infections ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Mothers ; Seroconversion ; HIV Seropositivity/complications ; Sarcoma, Kaposi
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad310
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