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  1. Article ; Online: First century B.C.E. in the history of Aegean Greece it was an exceptionally gloomy period. Between 88 BC and 31 B.C.E. Rome's first war with Mithridates took place on its lands, and later three Roman civil wars ended here. The article is an attempt to look at these events from a Greek perspective. It shows how the fighting Romans used Greek human, financial and material resources, and what effects it had.

    Marcin Pawlak

    Klio, Vol 64, Iss

    2023  Volume 4

    Abstract: ... 88 BC and 31 B.C.E. Rome's first war with Mithridates took place on its lands, and later three Roman ... It shows how the fighting Romans used Greek human, financial and material resources, and what effects ...

    Abstract First century B.C.E. in the history of Aegean Greece it was an exceptionally gloomy period. Between 88 BC and 31 B.C.E. Rome's first war with Mithridates took place on its lands, and later three Roman civil wars ended here. The article is an attempt to look at these events from a Greek perspective. It shows how the fighting Romans used Greek human, financial and material resources, and what effects it had.
    Keywords Aegean Greece in the 1st century BCE ; Rome's first war with Mithridates ; Roman Civil Wars ; octobolos eisphora in Messene ; History (General) and history of Europe ; D
    Language German
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Vitamin B12 status is a risk factor for bone fractures among vegans.

    Pawlak, Roman

    Medical hypotheses

    2021  Volume 153, Page(s) 110625

    Abstract: Several studies consistently showed vegans having a higher risk of bone fractures compared to individuals from other diet groups. While researchers have focused on several factors as possible explanation of these findings, both dietary (e.g. calcium) and ...

    Abstract Several studies consistently showed vegans having a higher risk of bone fractures compared to individuals from other diet groups. While researchers have focused on several factors as possible explanation of these findings, both dietary (e.g. calcium) and non-dietary (e.g. weight/BMI status), the widespread inadequate vitamin B12 (B12) status among vegans as a risk factor for bone fractures has not received adequate scrutiny. The detrimental impact of inadequate B12 status on bone tissue is both direct, via the impairment of the insulin-like growth hormone 1 and taurine synthesis, and indirect, induced through its hyperhomocysteinemic effect, via at least the following mechanisms: 1) reducing bone mineral content and density by accumulating in the extracellular matrix, 2) reducing osteoblasts and increasing osteoclasts function, 3) reducing blood flow to bone tissue, 4) inducing apoptosis via the reactive oxygen-species-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and 5) obstructing the formation of collagen cross-links, impeding lyslyl oxidase, and hampering insolubility of fibrils. Considering the widespread B12 deficiency prevalence among vegans, its role in bone fracture risk should not be overlooked.
    MeSH term(s) Bone and Bones ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Vegans ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 193145-3
    ISSN 1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
    ISSN (online) 1532-2777
    ISSN 0306-9877
    DOI 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110625
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Low carbohydrate diets should NOT be recommended for patients with familiar hypercholesterolaemia.

    Pawlak, Roman

    BMJ evidence-based medicine

    2020  Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 128

    MeSH term(s) Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ISSN 2515-4478
    ISSN (online) 2515-4478
    DOI 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111563
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Vegetarian Diets in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Its Complications.

    Pawlak, Roman

    Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association

    2017  Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 82–88

    Abstract: ... IN ... ...

    Abstract IN BRIEF
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2211544-4
    ISSN 1040-9165
    ISSN 1040-9165
    DOI 10.2337/ds16-0057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Morphometry of Boar Spermatozoa in Semen Stored at 17 °C-The Influence of the Staining Technique.

    Szablicka, Dorota / Wysokińska, Anna / Pawlak, Angelika / Roman, Klaudia

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 15

    Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the morphometry of sperm during storage of liquid boar semen at 17 °C. An attempt was also made to evaluate the suitability of three staining methods for assessment of boar sperm morphometry. The study was carried out ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the morphometry of sperm during storage of liquid boar semen at 17 °C. An attempt was also made to evaluate the suitability of three staining methods for assessment of boar sperm morphometry. The study was carried out on 20 Landrace boars. Semen was collected from the boars every 5 days by the manual method. Four ejaculates from each boar were analysed (80 ejaculates in total). Analyses were performed five times: at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 168 h after semen collection. Blisters with insemination doses were opened immediately before the analyses. From each insemination dose, smears were prepared for morphometric evaluation of sperm, which were stained by three methods (eosin-nigrosin-EN, eosin-gentian-EG, and SpermBlue-SB). Morphometric measurements of 15 randomly selected sperm with normal morphology were performed on each slide. The morphometric measurements included the following parameters: sperm head length, width, area, and perimeter; tail length; and total sperm length. The results of the morphometric measurements were used to calculate the head shape index. The morphometric dimensions of the sperm were shown to change during storage of semen at 17 °C. The extent of these changes, however, depended on the staining method used, as the three methods result in different morphometric dimensions of sperm, in the case of both the head and the tail. In the slides stained by the eosin-nigrosin method, the dimensions of the head and tail were smaller at every time of storage than in the slides stained by the SpermBlue and eosin-gentian methods.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani12151888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Is vitamin B12 deficiency a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in vegetarians?

    Pawlak, Roman

    American journal of preventive medicine

    2015  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) e11–26

    Abstract: The goal of this paper is to describe the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in cardiovascular disease development among vegetarians. Vegetarians have a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Deficiency of this vitamin is associated with a variety of ... ...

    Abstract The goal of this paper is to describe the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in cardiovascular disease development among vegetarians. Vegetarians have a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Deficiency of this vitamin is associated with a variety of atherogenic processes that are mainly, but not exclusively, due to vitamin B12 deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Each 5-μmol/L increase above 10 μmol/L of serum homocysteine is associated with a 20% increased risk of circulatory health problems. Mean homocysteine concentration >10 μmol/L among vegetarians was reported in 32 of 34 reports. Macrocytosis associated with vitamin B12 deficiency is also associated with fatal and non-fatal coronary disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, and other circulatory health problems. Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarians have an improved profile of the traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, including serum lipids, blood pressure, serum glucose concentration, and weight status. However, not all studies that assessed cardiovascular disease incidence among vegetarians reported a protective effect. Among studies that did show a lower prevalence of circulatory health problems, the effect was not as pronounced as expected, which may be a result of poor vitamin B12 status due to a vegetarian diet. Vitamin B12 deficiency may negate the cardiovascular disease prevention benefits of vegetarian diets. In order to further reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, vegetarians should be advised to use vitamin B12 supplements.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects ; Dietary Supplements ; Homocysteine/blood ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/complications ; Hyperhomocysteinemia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vegetarians ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/complications
    Chemical Substances Homocysteine (0LVT1QZ0BA)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632646-8
    ISSN 1873-2607 ; 0749-3797
    ISSN (online) 1873-2607
    ISSN 0749-3797
    DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Inadequate vitamin B-12 intake may be a problem not just for a small number of Adventist vegans.

    Pawlak, Roman

    Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

    2014  Volume 114, Issue 2, Page(s) 197

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diet ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutritive Value
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2646718-5
    ISSN 2212-2672
    ISSN 2212-2672
    DOI 10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Prevalence and Predictors of Low Breast Milk Iodine Concentration in Women Following Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivore Diets.

    Pawlak, Roman / Judd, Nicholas / Donati, George L / Perrin, Maryanne T

    Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 37–42

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Vegans ; Diet, Vegan ; Lactation ; Iodine ; Prevalence ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Breast Feeding ; Diet ; Vegetarians
    Chemical Substances Iodine (9679TC07X4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2234680-6
    ISSN 1556-8342 ; 1556-8253
    ISSN (online) 1556-8342
    ISSN 1556-8253
    DOI 10.1089/bfm.2022.0211
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Morphometry of Boar Spermatozoa in Semen Stored at 17 °C—The Influence of the Staining Technique

    Dorota Szablicka / Anna Wysokińska / Angelika Pawlak / Klaudia Roman

    Animals, Vol 12, Iss 1888, p

    2022  Volume 1888

    Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the morphometry of sperm during storage of liquid boar semen at 17 °C. An attempt was also made to evaluate the suitability of three staining methods for assessment of boar sperm morphometry. The study was carried out ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the morphometry of sperm during storage of liquid boar semen at 17 °C. An attempt was also made to evaluate the suitability of three staining methods for assessment of boar sperm morphometry. The study was carried out on 20 Landrace boars. Semen was collected from the boars every 5 days by the manual method. Four ejaculates from each boar were analysed (80 ejaculates in total). Analyses were performed five times: at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, and 168 h after semen collection. Blisters with insemination doses were opened immediately before the analyses. From each insemination dose, smears were prepared for morphometric evaluation of sperm, which were stained by three methods (eosin-nigrosin—EN, eosin-gentian—EG, and SpermBlue—SB). Morphometric measurements of 15 randomly selected sperm with normal morphology were performed on each slide. The morphometric measurements included the following parameters: sperm head length, width, area, and perimeter; tail length; and total sperm length. The results of the morphometric measurements were used to calculate the head shape index. The morphometric dimensions of the sperm were shown to change during storage of semen at 17 °C. The extent of these changes, however, depended on the staining method used, as the three methods result in different morphometric dimensions of sperm, in the case of both the head and the tail. In the slides stained by the eosin-nigrosin method, the dimensions of the head and tail were smaller at every time of storage than in the slides stained by the SpermBlue and eosin-gentian methods.
    Keywords boar ; semen storage time ; sperm morphometry ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Long-term results of pediatric heart transplantations: Single-center experiences.

    Pawlak, Szymon / Śliwka, Joanna / Wierzyk, Arkadiusz / Przybylski, Roman / Czapla, Jerzy / Król, Bogusława / Przybyłowski, Piotr

    Kardiologia polska

    2023  Volume 81, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 708–715

    Abstract: Background: Heart failure (HF) is characterized by significant mortality in both adults and children. Characteristics of pediatric HF are feeding problems, poor weight gain, exercise intolerance, or dyspnea. These changes are often accompanied by ... ...

    Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is characterized by significant mortality in both adults and children. Characteristics of pediatric HF are feeding problems, poor weight gain, exercise intolerance, or dyspnea. These changes are often accompanied by endocrine disorders. The main causes of HF are congenital heart defects (CHD), cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, myocarditis, or heart failure secondary to oncological treatment. Heart transplantation (HTx) is the method of choice for treatment of end-stage HF in pediatric patients.
    Aims: This article aimed to summarize the single-center experience in heart transplantation in children.
    Methods: Between 1988 and 2021 in the Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, 122 pediatric cardiac transplantations were performed. In the group of recipients with failing Fontan circulation, HTx was performed in 5 children. The study group was evaluated for the postoperative course: rejection episodes depending on the medical treatment scheme, coinfections, and mortality.
    Results: One-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates between 1988 and 2001 were 53%, 53%, and 50%, respectively. One-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates between 2002 and 2011 were 97%, 90%, and 87%, respectively; between 2012 and 2021 (1-year of follow-up), the survival rate was 92%. The main cause of mortality both in early and late periods after transplantation was graft failure.
    Conclusions: Cardiac transplantation in children remains the main method of treatment for endstage heart failure. Our results at both early and long-term posttransplant periods are comparable to those obtained in the most experienced foreign centers.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery ; Heart Defects, Congenital/complications ; Cardiomyopathies/complications ; Heart Transplantation ; Heart Failure/surgery ; Heart Failure/complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 411492-9
    ISSN 1897-4279 ; 0022-9032
    ISSN (online) 1897-4279
    ISSN 0022-9032
    DOI 10.33963/KP.a2023.0068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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