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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Mycoprotein-Based Food Products.

    Sirtori, Cesare R / Lammi, Carmen

    The American journal of clinical nutrition

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–7

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Food ; Fungal Proteins
    Chemical Substances Fungal Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 280048-2
    ISSN 1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
    ISSN (online) 1938-3207
    ISSN 0002-9165
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Carotid IMT and atherosclerosis: "Calling things by name".

    Sirtori, Cesare R

    Atherosclerosis

    2020  Volume 317, Page(s) 67

    MeSH term(s) Atherosclerosis ; Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Editorial Policies ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80061-2
    ISSN 1879-1484 ; 0021-9150
    ISSN (online) 1879-1484
    ISSN 0021-9150
    DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.024
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in 2022.

    Sirtori, Cesare R / Corsini, Alberto / Ruscica, Massimiliano

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 365–377

    Abstract: Purpose of the review: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are responsible for the transport in plasma of a large fraction of circulating lipids, in part from tissue mobilization. The evaluation of HDL-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) has provided a standard ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of the review: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are responsible for the transport in plasma of a large fraction of circulating lipids, in part from tissue mobilization. The evaluation of HDL-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) has provided a standard method for assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk, as supported by many contributions on the mechanism of this arterial benefit. The present review article will attempt to investigate novel findings on the role and mechanism of HDL in CV risk determination.
    Recent findings: The most recent research has been aimed to the understanding of how a raised functional capacity of HDL, rather than elevated levels per se, may be responsible for the postulated CV protection. Markedly elevated HDL-C levels appear instead to be associated to a raised coronary risk, indicative of a U-shaped relationship. While HDL-C reduction is definitely related to a raised CV risk, HDL-C elevations may be linked to non-vascular diseases, such as age-related macular disease. The description of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-infectious properties has indicated potential newer areas for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last two decades inconclusive data have arisen from clinical trials attempting to increase HDL-C pharmacologically or by way of recombinant protein infusions (most frequently with the mutant A-I
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, HDL ; Lipoproteins, HDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
    ISSN (online) 1534-6242
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-022-01012-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis: A narrative review.

    Macchi, Chiara / Sirtori, Cesare R / Corsini, Alberto / Mannuccio Mannucci, Pier / Ruscica, Massimiliano

    Environment international

    2023  Volume 175, Page(s) 107923

    Abstract: According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global ... ...

    Abstract According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Atherosclerosis/etiology ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced
    Chemical Substances Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107923
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis

    Chiara Macchi / Cesare R. Sirtori / Alberto Corsini / Pier Mannuccio Mannucci / Massimiliano Ruscica

    Environment International, Vol 175, Iss , Pp 107923- (2023)

    A narrative review

    2023  

    Abstract: According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global ... ...

    Abstract According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM2.5 that have been attributed to many direct or indirect effects comprising endothelial dysfunction, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of metalloproteases, all leading to unstable arterial plaques. Higher concentrations of air pollutants are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques and plaque ruptures witnessing coronary artery instability. Air pollution is often disregarded as a CVD risk factor, in spite of the fact that it is one of the main modifiable factors relevant for prevention and management of CVD. Thus, not only structural actions should be taken in order to mitigate emissions, but health professionals should also take care to counsel patients on the risks of air pollution.
    Keywords Atherosclerosis ; Particulate matter ; Plaque formation ; Lipoproteins ; Inflammation ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: The pharmacology of statins.

    Sirtori, Cesare R

    Pharmacological research

    2014  Volume 88, Page(s) 3–11

    Abstract: Statins, inhibitors of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme, are molecules of fungal origin. By inhibiting a key step in the sterol biosynthetic pathway statins are powerful cholesterol lowering medications and have provided ... ...

    Abstract Statins, inhibitors of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme, are molecules of fungal origin. By inhibiting a key step in the sterol biosynthetic pathway statins are powerful cholesterol lowering medications and have provided outstanding contributions to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Their detection in mycetes traces back to close to 40 years ago: there were, originally, widely opposing views on their therapeutic potential. From then on, intensive pharmaceutical development has led to the final availability in the clinic of seven statin molecules, characterized by differences in bioavailability, lipo/hydrophilicity, cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism and cellular transport mechanisms. These differences are reflected in their relative power (mg LDL-cholesterol reduction per mg dose) and possibly in parenchymal or muscular toxicities. The impact of the antagonism of statins on a crucial step of intermediary metabolism leads, in fact, both to a reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis as well as to additional pharmacodynamic (so called "pleiotropic") effects. In the face of an extraordinary clinical success, the emergence of some side effects, e.g. raised incidence of diabetes and cataracts as well as frequent muscular side effects, have led to increasing concern by physicians. However, also in view of the present relatively low cost of these drugs, their impact on daily therapy of vascular patients is unlikely to change.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Muscular Diseases/chemically induced
    Chemical Substances Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis: a narrative review

    Macchi, Chiara / Sirtori, Cesare R. / Corsini, Alberto / Mannuccio Mannucci, Pier / Ruscica, Massimiliano

    Environment International. 2023 Apr. 10, p.107923-

    2023  , Page(s) 107923–

    Abstract: According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global ... ...

    Abstract According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM₂.₅ that have been attributed to many direct or indirect effects comprising endothelial dysfunction, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of metalloproteases, all leading to unstable arterial plaques. Higher concentrations of air pollutants are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques and plaque rupture witnessing coronary artery instability. Air pollution is often disregarded as a CVD risk factor, in spite of the fact that it is one of the main modifiable factors relevant for prevention and management of CVD. Thus, not only structural actions should be taken in order to mitigate emissions, but health professionals should also take care to counsel patients on the risks of air pollution.
    Keywords air ; air pollution ; atherosclerosis ; coronary artery disease ; coronary vessels ; environment ; heart failure ; hypertension ; metalloproteinases ; mitochondria ; mortality ; particulates ; public health ; reactive oxygen species ; risk factors ; stroke ; particulate matter ; plaque formation ; lipoproteins ; inflammation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0410
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107923
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Omega-3 and cardiovascular prevention - Is this still a choice?

    Ruscica, Massimiliano / Sirtori, Cesare R / Carugo, Stefano / Calder, Philip C / Corsini, Alberto

    Pharmacological research

    2022  Volume 182, Page(s) 106342

    Abstract: There is currently growing attention being paid to the role of elevated triglycerides (TGs) as important mediators of residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This role is supported by genetic studies and by the persistent residual ... ...

    Abstract There is currently growing attention being paid to the role of elevated triglycerides (TGs) as important mediators of residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. This role is supported by genetic studies and by the persistent residual risk of ASCVD, even after intensive statin therapy. Although TG lowering drugs have shown conflicting results when tested in cardiovascular outcome trials, data from the REDUCE-IT study with the ethyl ester of ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have revived hope in this area of research. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the most recent large trials with ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) trying to elucidate mechanistic and trial-related differences, as in the case of REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH studies. The ω-3 FAs may lower cardiovascular risk through a number of pleiotropic mechanisms, e.g., by lowering blood pressure, by mediating antithrombotic effects, by providing precursors for the synthesis of specialized proresolving mediators that can inhibit inflammation or by modulating the lipid rafts enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. In conclusion, in a field fraught with uncertainties, the ω-3 FAs and especially high dose icosapent ethyl (the ethyl ester of EPA) are at present a most valuable therapeutic option to reduce the ASCVD risk.
    MeSH term(s) Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Esters/therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides
    Chemical Substances Esters ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1003347-6
    ISSN 1096-1186 ; 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    ISSN (online) 1096-1186
    ISSN 0031-6989 ; 1043-6618
    DOI 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106342
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: PCSK9 Inhibition and Risk of Diabetes: Should We Worry?

    Carugo, Stefano / Sirtori, Cesare R / Corsini, Alberto / Tokgozoglu, Lale / Ruscica, Massimiliano

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) 995–1004

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Since the clinical benefit of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors occurs in a setting of reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) to unprecedentedly low levels, it becomes of interest to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Since the clinical benefit of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors occurs in a setting of reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) to unprecedentedly low levels, it becomes of interest to investigate possible adverse effects pertaining to the risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD).
    Recent findings: While safety results reported in either meta-analyses or cardiovascular outcome trials FOURIER (with evolocumab) and ODYSSEY (with alirocumab) did not rise the incidence of NOD, Mendelian randomization analyses were almost concordant in showing an increased risk of NOD. This evidence was in line with post-marketing safety reports highlighting that evolocumab and alirocumab were primarily related to mild hyperglycaemia rather than diabetes, with most of the hyperglycaemic events occurring during the first 6 months of treatment. Considering the different nature of genetic studies and of randomized controlled trials, with careful monitoring of patients, particularly in the earlier phases of treatment, and the identification of those more susceptible to develop NOD, treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors should be of minimal concern.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics ; PCSK9 Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances PCSK9 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Proprotein Convertase 9 (EC 3.4.21.-) ; PCSK9 Inhibitors ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Anticholesteremic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
    ISSN (online) 1534-6242
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-022-01074-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Bempedoic Acid: for Whom and When.

    Ruscica, Massimiliano / Sirtori, Cesare R / Carugo, Stefano / Banach, Maciej / Corsini, Alberto

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 791–801

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The aim of creating an orally active non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug was achieved with bempedoic acid, a small linear molecule providing both a significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and an anti- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The aim of creating an orally active non-statin cholesterol-lowering drug was achieved with bempedoic acid, a small linear molecule providing both a significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction and an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Bempedoic acid antagonizes ATP citrate-lyase, a cytosolic enzyme upstream of HMGCoA reductase which is the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Bempedoic acid is a pro-drug converted to its active metabolite by very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 which is present mostly in the liver and absent in skeletal muscles. This limits the risk of myalgia and myopathy. The remit of this review is to give clinical insights on the safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid and to understand for whom it should be prescribed.
    Recent findings: Bempedoic acid with a single daily dose (180 mg) reduces LDL-C by a mean 24.5% when given alone, by 18% when given on top of a major statin and by 38-40% when given in a fixed-dose combination with ezetimibe. Bempedoic acid does not lead to the risk of new-onset diabetes, and moderately improves the glycaemic profile. The extensive knowledge on bempedoic acid mechanism, metabolism and side effects has led to an improved understanding of the potential benefits of this agent and offers a possible alternative to cardiologists and clinical practitioners somewhat worn out today by the occurrence of the muscular side effects of statins.
    MeSH term(s) Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dicarboxylic Acids/therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects
    Chemical Substances Anticholesteremic Agents ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dicarboxylic Acids ; Fatty Acids ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid (1EJ6Z6Q368)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
    ISSN (online) 1534-6242
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-022-01054-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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