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Article ; Online: Trust the gut: Outcomes of gut microbiota transplant in metabolic and cognitive disorders.

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / La Rosa, Federica / Iozzo, Patricia

2023 Volume 149, Page(s) 105143

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is ... ...

Abstract	Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Preventive strategies should address predisposing conditions, like obesity and metabolic syndrome, and be started from very early and even prenatal life. Gut microbiota is an emerging target in obesity, diabetes and neurocognitive diseases, which could be safely modulated since pregnancy and infancy. Many correlative studies have supported its involvement in disease pathophysiology. Faecal material transplantation (FMT) studies have been conducted in clinical and preclinical settings to deliver cause-effect proof and mechanistic insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies in which FMT was used to cure or cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, including the evidence available in early life. Findings were analysed to dissect consolidated from controversial results, highlighting gaps and possible future directions.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Trust ; Obesity/therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105143
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Article ; Online: Correction to: Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research.

Basset-Sagarminaga, Jeremy / van de Weijer, Tineke / Iozzo, Patricia / Schrauwen, Patrick / Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera

Diabetologia

2024 Volume 67, Issue 5, Page(s) 958

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1694-9
ISSN	1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
ISSN	0012-186X
DOI	10.1007/s00125-024-06112-9
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Article: Kinetic Modeling of Brain [

Bucci, Marco / Rebelos, Eleni / Oikonen, Vesa / Rinne, Juha / Nummenmaa, Lauri / Iozzo, Patricia / Nuutila, Pirjo

Metabolites

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Accurate positron emission tomography (PET) data quantification relies on high-quality input plasma curves, but venous blood sampling may yield poor-quality data, jeopardizing modeling outcomes. In this study, we aimed to recover sub-optimal input ... ...

Abstract	Accurate positron emission tomography (PET) data quantification relies on high-quality input plasma curves, but venous blood sampling may yield poor-quality data, jeopardizing modeling outcomes. In this study, we aimed to recover sub-optimal input functions by using information from the tail (5th-100th min) of curves obtained through the frequent sampling protocol and an input recovery (IR) model trained with reference curves of optimal shape. Initially, we included 170 plasma input curves from eight published studies with clamp [
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo14020114
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Article ; Online: Metabolic imaging in obesity: underlying mechanisms and consequences in the whole body.

Iozzo, Patricia

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

2015 Volume 1353, Page(s) 21–40

Abstract: Obesity is a phenotype resulting from a series of causative factors with a variable risk of complications. Etiologic diversity requires personalized prevention and treatment. Imaging procedures offer the potential to investigate the interplay between ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is a phenotype resulting from a series of causative factors with a variable risk of complications. Etiologic diversity requires personalized prevention and treatment. Imaging procedures offer the potential to investigate the interplay between organs and pathways underlying energy intake and consumption in an integrated manner, and may open the perspective to classify and treat obesity according to causative mechanisms. This review illustrates the contribution provided by imaging studies to the understanding of human obesity, starting with the regulation of food intake and intestinal metabolism, followed by the role of adipose tissue in storing, releasing, and utilizing substrates, including the interconversion of white and brown fat, and concluding with the examination of imaging risk indicators related to complications, including type 2 diabetes, liver pathologies, cardiac and kidney diseases, and sleep disorders. The imaging modalities include (1) positron emission tomography to quantify organ-specific perfusion and substrate metabolism; (2) computed tomography to assess tissue density as an indicator of fat content and browning/ whitening; (3) ultrasounds to examine liver steatosis, stiffness, and inflammation; and (4) magnetic resonance techniques to assess blood oxygenation levels in the brain, liver stiffness, and metabolite contents (triglycerides, fatty acids, glucose, phosphocreatine, ATP, and acetylcarnitine) in a variety of organs.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/physiopathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/diagnostic imaging ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Thermogenesis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	211003-9
ISSN	1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
ISSN (online)	1749-6632
ISSN	0077-8923
DOI	10.1111/nyas.12880
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Article ; Online: Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research.

Basset-Sagarminaga, Jeremy / van de Weijer, Tineke / Iozzo, Patricia / Schrauwen, Patrick / Schrauwen-Hinderling, Vera

Diabetologia

2023 Volume 67, Issue 3, Page(s) 407–419

Abstract: The liver plays a crucial role in the control of glucose homeostasis and is therefore of great interest in the investigation of the development of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) can be measured through positron emission tomography (PET) ... ...

Abstract	The liver plays a crucial role in the control of glucose homeostasis and is therefore of great interest in the investigation of the development of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) can be measured through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the tracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). HGU is dependent on many variables (e.g. plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations), and the metabolic state for HGU assessment should be chosen with care and coherence with the study question. In addition, as HGU is influenced by many factors, protocols and measurement conditions need to be standardised for reproducible results. This review provides insights into the protocols that are available for the measurement of HGU by FDG PET and discusses the current state of knowledge of HGU and its impairment in type 2 diabetes. Overall, a scanning modality that allows for the measurement of detailed kinetic information and influx rates (dynamic imaging) may be preferable to static imaging. The combination of FDG PET and insulin stimulation is crucial to measure tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. While the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp allows for standardised measurements under controlled blood glucose levels, some research questions might require a more physiological approach, such as oral glucose loading, with both advantages and complexities relating to fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. The available approaches to address HGU hold great potential but await more systematic exploitation to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases. Current findings from the investigation of HGU by FDG PET highlight the complex interplay between insulin resistance, hepatic glucose metabolism, NEFA levels and intrahepatic lipid accumulation in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for improving HGU in these conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/metabolism ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Glucose/metabolism ; Liver/diagnostic imaging ; Liver/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1694-9
ISSN	1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
ISSN (online)	1432-0428
ISSN	0012-186X
DOI	10.1007/s00125-023-06055-7
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Article ; Online: Associations between the Mediterranean Diet Pattern and Weight Status and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children.

Granziera, Federico / Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Iozzo, Patricia

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children's cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive ...

Abstract	Cognitive dysfunctions are a global health concern. Early-life diet and weight status may contribute to children's cognitive development. For this reason, we explored the associations between habitual food consumption, body mass index (BMI) and cognitive outcomes in 54 preschool children belonging to the Pisa birth Cohort (PISAC). We estimated groups of foods, nutrients and calorie intakes through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Italian national databases. Then, we adopted the Mediterranean diet (MD) score to assess relative MD adherence. Cognition was examined using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER). We found that higher, compared to low and moderate, adherence to MD was associated with higher performance scores. Furthermore, white meat consumption was positively related to BMI, and BMI (age-gender specific, z-scores) categories were negatively related to practical reasoning scores. All associations were independent of maternal IQ estimates, parents' socioeconomic status, exclusive/non-exclusive breastfeeding, actual age at cognitive assessment and gender. In conclusion, in preschool children, very high adherence to MD seemed protective, whereas BMI (reinforced by the intake of white meat) was negatively associated with cognition.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition/physiology ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13113723
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Article: Imaging of brain glucose uptake by PET in obesity and cognitive dysfunction: life-course perspective.

Iozzo, Patricia / Guzzardi, Maria Angela

Endocrine connections

2019 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) R169–R183

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and keeps growing. Obesity seems implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and vice versa. Growing scientific efforts are being devoted to the ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions and keeps growing. Obesity seems implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and vice versa. Growing scientific efforts are being devoted to the identification of central mechanisms underlying the frequent association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction. Glucose brain handling undergoes dynamic changes during the life-course, suggesting that its alterations might precede and contribute to degenerative changes or signaling abnormalities. Imaging of the glucose analog 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) by positron emission tomography (PET) is the gold-standard for the assessment of cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. This review summarizes the current literature addressing brain glucose uptake measured by PET imaging, and the effect of insulin on brain metabolism, trying to embrace a life-course vision in the identification of patterns that may explain (and contribute to) the frequent association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction. The current evidence supports that brain hypermetabolism and brain insulin resistance occur in selected high-risk conditions as a transient phenomenon, eventually evolving toward normal or low values during life or disease progression. Associative studies suggest that brain hypermetabolism predicts low BDNF levels, hepatic and whole body insulin resistance, food desire and an unfavorable balance between anticipated reward from food and cognitive inhibitory control. Emerging mechanistic links involve the microbiota and the metabolome, which correlate with brain metabolism and cognition, deserving attention as potential future prevention targets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2668428-7
ISSN	2049-3614
ISSN	2049-3614
DOI	10.1530/EC-19-0348
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Seeing is believing: dietary fatty acids hurry up from the stomach to the heart of patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Iozzo, Patricia

Diabetes

2012 Volume 61, Issue 11, Page(s) 2659–2660

MeSH term(s)	Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance/metabolism ; Heart/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
Chemical Substances	Dietary Fats ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80085-5
ISSN	1939-327X ; 0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
ISSN	0012-1797
DOI	10.2337/db12-0803
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Article: Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs White and Brown Adipose Tissues In Vivo in Mice, with Different Metabolic and Microbiota Patterns in Obesity-Susceptible or Obesity-Resistant Offspring.

Guzzardi, Maria Angela / Collado, Maria Carmen / Panetta, Daniele / Tripodi, Maria / Iozzo, Patricia

Metabolites

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. ... ...

Abstract	Maternal obesity causes metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, including dysbiosis, overeating, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Early-life phases are fundamental for developing subcutaneous (SAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), handling energy excesses. Imaging of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo12090828
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Article: Early Dietary Patterns and Microbiota Development: Still a Way to Go from Descriptive Interactions to Health-Relevant Solutions.

Iozzo, Patricia / Sanguinetti, Elena

Frontiers in nutrition

2018 Volume 5, Page(s) 5

Abstract: Early nutrition and growth in the initial years of life are important determinants of later body weight and metabolic health in humans, and the current epidemic of obesity involving children requires a better understanding of causal and protective ... ...

Abstract	Early nutrition and growth in the initial years of life are important determinants of later body weight and metabolic health in humans, and the current epidemic of obesity involving children requires a better understanding of causal and protective mechanisms and components in infant foods. This review focuses on recent evidence implicating feeding modes (e.g., breast milk and formula milk) and dietary transitions toward complementary foods in the progression of microbiota maturation in children. The literature exploring body weight outcomes of microbiota changes induced by diet in early life is limited. Representative studies addressing the use of probiotics in pregnant women and infants are also examined. Methodological and geo-cultural variations make it difficult to avoid (apparently) controversial findings. Most studies indicate differences in the microbiota of formula versus breastfed infants, but some do not. Duration of breastfeeding delays the maturation of the microbiota toward an adult-like profile. However, the effect size of the early feeding pattern on microbial function was found to be very small, and absent after the third year of life. There are several interesting mediators whereby milk composition can affect infants' microbiota and their optimization is a desirable strategy for prevention. But prevention of what? Although there are few correlative evaluations relating microbiota and body weight in early life, studies demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between diet-induced changes in early microbiota development and subsequent metabolic health outcomes in humans are still missing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2018.00005
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