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Article ; Online: Breaking the glass ceiling in academia.

Pardhan, Shahina

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

2018 Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 359–362

MeSH term(s)	Academies and Institutes/organization & administration ; Career Mobility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data ; Optometry/statistics & numerical data ; Staff Development/organization & administration ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604564-9
ISSN	1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
ISSN (online)	1475-1313
ISSN	0275-5408
DOI	10.1111/opo.12570
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Article: Associations between Accommodative Facility, Age, and Refractive Errors in Early, Older Adolescent Myopes and Emmetropes.

Ramamurthy, Dharani / Radhakrishnan, Hema / Pardhan, Shahina

The British and Irish orthoptic journal

2023 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–25

Abstract: Background: Accommodative functions are known to differ between myopes and emmetropes. It is not known whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger adolescent and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes.: Aim: To examine whether ... ...

Abstract	Background: Accommodative functions are known to differ between myopes and emmetropes. It is not known whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger adolescent and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes. Aim: To examine whether accommodative facility differs at near between younger and older adolescent myopes and emmetropes. Methods: 119 participants aged between 11-21 years were recruited. Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic retinoscopy. Near monocular accommodative facility was measured for 60 seconds, using a +2.00D/-2.00D handheld flipper and N6 print at 40 cm. Participants were classified into two age groups: (i) younger adolescents (range: 11-14 years) and (ii) older adolescents (range: 15-21 years). The criterion applied to define myopia was spherical equivalent refraction: ≥-0.50D) and spherical equivalent refraction: -0.25D to +0.75D) for emmetropia. Univariate Analysis of Variance was carried out to analyze the interaction of age groups and refractive groups on near accommodative facility. Results: Near monocular accommodative facility was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in younger adolescents (5.87 ± 3.72 cpm) compared to older adolescents (8.11 ± 4.11 cpm), indicating age as a significant main effect (F Conclusion: Younger adolescent myopes and younger adolescent emmetropes had reduced monocular near accommodative facility than older adolescent emmetropes, but not when compared to older adolescent myopes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2163627-8
ISSN	1743-9868
ISSN	1743-9868
DOI	10.22599/bioj.284
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Article ; Online: The effects of age and central field loss on maintaining balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure.

Zult, Tjerk / Timmis, Matthew A / Pardhan, Shahina

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e14743

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure.: Methods: Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure. Methods: Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight visually normal older and eight visually normal younger individuals negotiated a floor-based obstacle followed by a 'step-up to a new level' task. The task was performed under (1) no-pressure; (2) time-pressure: an intermittent tone was played that increased in frequency and participants had to complete the task before the tone ceased. Landing mechanics and balance control for the step-up task was assessed with a floor-mounted force plate on the step. Results: Increased ground reaction forces and loading rates were observed under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. Across conditions, loading rates and ground reaction forces were higher in young normals compared to older normals and AMD participants. Young visual normals also demonstrated 35-39% shorter double support times prior to and during the step-up compared to older normals and AMD participants. All groups shortened their double support times (31-40%) and single support times (7-9%) in the time-pressure compared to no-pressure condition. Regarding balance control, the centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-poster direction were increased under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. The centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the medial-lateral direction were decreased for the AMD participants under time-pressure but not for young and older visual normals. Conclusions: Despite walking faster, AMD participants did not adapt their landing mechanics under time-pressure (
MeSH term(s)	Young Adult ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Walking
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.14743
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Article ; Online: Associating the Change in New COVID-19 Cases to GDP per Capita in 38 European Countries in the First Wave of the Pandemic.

Pardhan, Shahina / Drydakis, Nick

Frontiers in public health

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 582140

Abstract: COVID-19 has affected all countries globally. We explore associations between the change in new COVID-19 registered cases per million population and various macroeconomic and well-being indicators in 38 European countries over a 2-month period (1st April- ...

Abstract	COVID-19 has affected all countries globally. We explore associations between the change in new COVID-19 registered cases per million population and various macroeconomic and well-being indicators in 38 European countries over a 2-month period (1st April-31st May 2020). A statistically significant (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Gross Domestic Product/statistics & numerical data ; Gross Domestic Product/trends ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; Health Expenditures/trends ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sanitation/statistics & numerical data ; Sanitation/trends ; Smoking/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2020.582140
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Article ; Online: The effects of age and central field loss on maintaining balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure

Tjerk Zult / Matthew A. Timmis / Shahina Pardhan

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

2023 Volume 14743

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure. Methods Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight ... ...

Abstract	Objective To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure. Methods Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight visually normal older and eight visually normal younger individuals negotiated a floor-based obstacle followed by a ‘step-up to a new level’ task. The task was performed under (1) no-pressure; (2) time-pressure: an intermittent tone was played that increased in frequency and participants had to complete the task before the tone ceased. Landing mechanics and balance control for the step-up task was assessed with a floor-mounted force plate on the step. Results Increased ground reaction forces and loading rates were observed under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. Across conditions, loading rates and ground reaction forces were higher in young normals compared to older normals and AMD participants. Young visual normals also demonstrated 35–39% shorter double support times prior to and during the step-up compared to older normals and AMD participants. All groups shortened their double support times (31–40%) and single support times (7–9%) in the time-pressure compared to no-pressure condition. Regarding balance control, the centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-poster direction were increased under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. The centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the medial-lateral direction were decreased for the AMD participants under time-pressure but not for young and older visual normals. Conclusions Despite walking faster, AMD participants did not adapt their landing mechanics under time-pressure (i.e., they remained more cautious), whilst older and young adults with normal vision demonstrated more forceful landing mechanics with the young being most forceful. A more controlled landing might be a safety strategy to maintain balance ...
Keywords	Visual impairment ; Age-related macular degeneration ; Postural control ; Mobility ; Time pressure ; Human locomotion ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Patient-reported outcome and experience measures (POEM) of a community-based glaucoma clinic in Cambridge, UK: an observational study.

Charlesworth, Emily / Jolly, Jasleen Kaur / Farrell, Sarah / Bourne, Rupert / Pardhan, Shahina

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e077906

Abstract: Objectives: Glaucoma care demand in UK hospitals has exploded in recent years. This has resulted in a push to community (shared, virtual, etc) care models to reduce the burden on hospital systems and on patients. The study aimed to ascertain patient's ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Glaucoma care demand in UK hospitals has exploded in recent years. This has resulted in a push to community (shared, virtual, etc) care models to reduce the burden on hospital systems and on patients. The study aimed to ascertain patient's experiences around various aspects of their care delivered in community clinics. Design: Observational study. Setting: Glaucoma Community Clinic, Cambridge, UK. Participants: Ninety-six consecutive patients (M:F 47:49, mean age 70±12 years), recruited from July to September 2022. Outcome measures: Patients completed a modified glaucoma patient-reported outcome and experience measure (POEM) regarding their clinic experience and perspective on their diagnosis, treatment and fear of blindness. Patient's thoughts of feeling safe under the community clinical team were gathered. Patient demographics including age, gender, postcodes and education history were used to find their corresponding Lower-Layer Super Output Areas and socioeconomic status. Results: Patients had positive perceptions of their clinic experience. Ninety-six per cent of patients reported that their experience of attending the community clinic was comfortable, and 93% (n=92) felt the experience was the same as expected from the hospital. Feeling safe under the clinician team produced a mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of 90 (SD 15) and feeling care was organised produced a mean VAS score of 87 (SD 17). Age, gender, disease characteristics and socioeconomic status had no influence on perceived experience. Patients aged <60 years had significantly lower understanding of their diagnosis compared with older groups (p=0.027, η Conclusions: A large majority of patients expressed a positive experience, felt safe under the care of their clinical team and their care was well organised. Relatively younger patients (<60 years) and those with no confirmed diagnosis would likely benefit from more consultation time and educational materials to improve their understanding of glaucoma.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Emotions ; Fear ; Glaucoma ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077906
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India.

Pardhan, Shahina / Raman, Rajiv / Biswas, Anupama / Jaisankar, Durgasri / Ahluwalia, Sanjiv / Sapkota, Raju

BMC public health

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

Abstract: Background/aims: Good knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of diabetes influence its control and complications. We examined the KAP of diabetes in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight-threatening diabetic ... ...

Abstract	Background/aims: Good knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of diabetes influence its control and complications. We examined the KAP of diabetes in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR) attending two different referral hospitals in India. Methods: 400 consecutive patients (mean age = 58.5 years ± 10.3) with diabetic retinopathy attending retina referral clinics in Chennai (private) and Darjeeling (public) were recruited. A validated questionnaire on diabetic KAP was administered in English or the local language. Data were analysed using an established scalar-scoring method in which a score of 1 was assigned to the correct answer/healthy lifestyle and 0 to an incorrect answer/unhealthy lifestyle/practice. Clinical data included fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, retinopathy, and visual acuity. Retinopathy was graded as STDR/NSTDR from retinal images using Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. Results: Usable data from 383 participants (95.8%) were analysed. Of these, 83 (21.7%) had STDR, and 300 (78.3%) had NSTDR. The NSTDR group reported a significantly lower total KAP score (mean rank = 183.4) compared to the STDR group (mean rank = 233.1), z = -3.0, p < 0.001. A significantly greater percentage in the NSTDR group reported to being unaware that diabetes could affect eyes, did not know about possible treatment for DR, and checked their blood sugar less frequently than once a month. Conclusion: Patients who had not developed STDR had poorer KAP about diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases. This is an important issue to address as the risk of their progressing to STDR is high unless appropriate steps to improve their knowledge/awareness and lifestyle practice are introduced early.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology ; Blood Glucose ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; India/epidemiology ; Retinal Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-023-17371-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ocular effects of exposure to low-humidity environment with contact lens wear: A pilot study.

Vaughan, Megan / García-Porta, Nery / Tabernero, Juan / Gantes-Nuñez, Javier / Artal, Pablo / Pardhan, Shahina

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

2024

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low-humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non-invasive tests.: Methods: Fourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To compare the ocular effects of exposure to a low-humidity environment with and without contact lens (CL) wear using various non-invasive tests. Methods: Fourteen habitual soft CL wearers were exposed to controlled low humidity (5% relative humidity [RH]) in an environmental chamber for 90 min on two separate occasions. First, when wearing their habitual spectacles and then, on a separate visit, when wearing silicone hydrogel CLs that were fitted specifically for this purpose. All participants had adapted to the new CL prior to data collection. Three non-invasive objective measurements were taken at each visit: blinking rate, objective ocular scatter (measured using the objective scatter index) and ocular surface cooling rate (measured using a long-wave infrared thermal camera). At each visit, measurements were taken before the exposure in comfortable environmental conditions (RH: 45%), and after exposure to environmental stress (low humidity, RH: 5%). Results: CL wearers showed increased blinking rate (p < 0.005) and ocular scatter (p = 0.03) but similar cooling rate of the ocular surface (p = 0.08) when compared with spectacle wear in comfortable environmental conditions. The exposure to low humidity increased the blinking rate significantly with both types of corrections (p = 0.01). Interestingly, ocular scatter (p = 0.96) and cooling rate (p = 0.73) were not significantly different before and after exposure to low humidity. There were no significant two-way interactions between correction and exposure in any of the measurements. Conclusions: CLs significantly increased the blinking rate, which prevented a quick degradation of the tear film integrity as it was refreshed more regularly. It is hypothesised that the increased blinking rate in CL wearers aids in maintaining ocular scatter quality and cooling rate when exposed to a low-humidity environment. These results highlight the importance of blinking in maintaining tear film stability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604564-9
ISSN	1475-1313 ; 0275-5408
ISSN (online)	1475-1313
ISSN	0275-5408
DOI	10.1111/opo.13308
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Article: The prevalence of sensory changes in post-COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Trott, Mike / Driscoll, Robin / Pardhan, Shahina

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 980253

Abstract: Post-COVID syndrome can be defined as symptoms of COVID-19 that persist for longer than 12 weeks, with several studies reporting persistent symptoms relating to the sensory organs (eyes, ears, and nose). The aim of this systematic review was to examine ... ...

Abstract	Post-COVID syndrome can be defined as symptoms of COVID-19 that persist for longer than 12 weeks, with several studies reporting persistent symptoms relating to the sensory organs (eyes, ears, and nose). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prevalence of persistent anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and hypogeusia, as well as eye/vision and ear/hearing related long-COVID symptoms. Authors searched the electronic databases from inception to November 2021. Search terms included words related to long-COVID, smell, taste, eyes/vision, and ears/hearing, with all observational study designs being included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken, calculating the prevalence proportions of anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and hypogeusia, respectively. From the initial pool, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria (total Systematic review registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021292804].
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.980253
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Article ; Online: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India

Shahina Pardhan / Rajiv Raman / Anupama Biswas / Durgasri Jaisankar / Sanjiv Ahluwalia / Raju Sapkota

BMC Public Health, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background/Aims Good knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of diabetes influence its control and complications. We examined the KAP of diabetes in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight-threatening diabetic ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background/Aims Good knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of diabetes influence its control and complications. We examined the KAP of diabetes in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR) attending two different referral hospitals in India. Methods 400 consecutive patients (mean age = 58.5 years ± 10.3) with diabetic retinopathy attending retina referral clinics in Chennai (private) and Darjeeling (public) were recruited. A validated questionnaire on diabetic KAP was administered in English or the local language. Data were analysed using an established scalar-scoring method in which a score of 1 was assigned to the correct answer/healthy lifestyle and 0 to an incorrect answer/unhealthy lifestyle/practice. Clinical data included fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, retinopathy, and visual acuity. Retinopathy was graded as STDR/NSTDR from retinal images using Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. Results Usable data from 383 participants (95.8%) were analysed. Of these, 83 (21.7%) had STDR, and 300 (78.3%) had NSTDR. The NSTDR group reported a significantly lower total KAP score (mean rank = 183.4) compared to the STDR group (mean rank = 233.1), z = -3.0, p < 0.001. A significantly greater percentage in the NSTDR group reported to being unaware that diabetes could affect eyes, did not know about possible treatment for DR, and checked their blood sugar less frequently than once a month. Conclusion Patients who had not developed STDR had poorer KAP about diabetes and diabetes-related eye diseases. This is an important issue to address as the risk of their progressing to STDR is high unless appropriate steps to improve their knowledge/awareness and lifestyle practice are introduced early.
Keywords	Diabetic retinopathy ; Knowledge ; attitude ; and practice ; Non-sight threatening DR ; Questionnaire ; Sight-threatening DR ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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