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  1. Article ; Online: WITHDRAWN: Proposal for Initiative of Evidence-based Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Worsening Hypoxia.

    Kanwar, Badar A

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2020  

    Abstract: Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher. ...

    Abstract Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202009-3684CP
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Dapsone Lowers Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU.

    Kanwar, Badar / Khattak, Asif / Kast, Richard E

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 24

    Abstract: Some physicians use dapsone as part of the standard treatment of severe COVID-19 patients entering the ICU, though some do not. To obtain an indication of whether dapsone is helping or not, we undertook a retrospective chart review of 29 consecutive ICU ... ...

    Abstract Some physicians use dapsone as part of the standard treatment of severe COVID-19 patients entering the ICU, though some do not. To obtain an indication of whether dapsone is helping or not, we undertook a retrospective chart review of 29 consecutive ICU COVID-19 patients receiving dapsone and 30 not receiving dapsone. As we previously reported, of those given dapsone, 9/29 (30%) died, while of those not given dapsone, 18/30 (60%) died. We looked back on that data set to determine if there might be basic laboratory findings in these patients that might give an indication of a mechanism by which dapsone was acting. We found that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio decreased in 48% of those given dapsone and in 30% of those not given dapsone. We concluded that dapsone might be lowering that ratio. We then reviewed collected data on neutrophil related inflammation pathways on which dapsone might act as presented here. As this was not a controlled study, many variables prevent drawing any conclusions from this work; a formal, randomized controlled study of dapsone in severe COVID-19 is warranted.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232415563
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  3. Article: Benefits of Using Dapsone in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.

    Kanwar, Badar A / Khattak, Asif / Balentine, Jenny / Lee, Jong Hoon / Kast, Richard E

    Vaccines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, refractory and relentless hypoxia as a consequence of exuberant lung inflammation and parenchymal damage remains the main cause of death. We have earlier reported results of the addition of dapsone in this ... ...

    Abstract Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, refractory and relentless hypoxia as a consequence of exuberant lung inflammation and parenchymal damage remains the main cause of death. We have earlier reported results of the addition of dapsone in this population to the standard of care. We now report a further chart review of discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The 2 × 2 table analysis showed a lower risk of death or discharge to LTAC (Long term acute care) (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.84) and a higher chance of discharge home (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.9) among patients receiving dapsone compared to those receiving the usual standard of care. A larger, blinded randomized trial should be carried out urgently to determine if dapsone indeed improves outcomes in COVID-19.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines10020195
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  4. Article ; Online: Benefits of Using Dapsone in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

    Badar A. Kanwar / Asif Khattak / Jenny Balentine / Jong Hoon Lee / Richard E. Kast

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 195, p

    2022  Volume 195

    Abstract: Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, refractory and relentless hypoxia as a consequence of exuberant lung inflammation and parenchymal damage remains the main cause of death. We have earlier reported results of the addition of dapsone in this ... ...

    Abstract Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, refractory and relentless hypoxia as a consequence of exuberant lung inflammation and parenchymal damage remains the main cause of death. We have earlier reported results of the addition of dapsone in this population to the standard of care. We now report a further chart review of discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The 2 × 2 table analysis showed a lower risk of death or discharge to LTAC (Long term acute care) (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.84) and a higher chance of discharge home (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.9) among patients receiving dapsone compared to those receiving the usual standard of care. A larger, blinded randomized trial should be carried out urgently to determine if dapsone indeed improves outcomes in COVID-19.
    Keywords ARDS ; COVID-19 ; dapsone ; NLRP3 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Commentary for the Elderly in the Pandemic Era.

    Khattak, Asif / Kanwar, Badar / Sergi, Consolato / Lee, Chul Joong / Balentine, Jenny / Lee, Jong-Hoon / Park, Jungwuk / Lee, So Jeong / Choi, Su-Hee

    Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 168–171

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2621464-7
    ISSN 1664-5464
    ISSN 1664-5464
    DOI 10.1159/000515926
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  6. Article ; Online: Reply: "B" Is for Bad in SCAI Shock Staging: The Need for Early Diagnosis and Intervention.

    Kapur, Navin K / Kanwar, Manreet / Sinha, Shashank S / Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime / Garan, A Reshad / Burkhoff, Daniel

    Journal of the American College of Cardiology

    2022  Volume 80, Issue 20, Page(s) e183–e184

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Transcription Factors ; Cell Movement ; Shock ; Early Diagnosis ; Shock, Cardiogenic
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605507-2
    ISSN 1558-3597 ; 0735-1097
    ISSN (online) 1558-3597
    ISSN 0735-1097
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.09.012
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1846: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 196: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia after viral endemic of patients with leprosy on Sorok Island in South Korea.

    Lee, Jong Hoon / Kanwar, Badar / Khattak, Asif / Altschuler, Eric / Sergi, Consolato / Lee, So Jeong / Choi, Su-Hee / Park, Jungwuk / Coleman, Michael / Bourbeau, Jean

    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology

    2023  Volume 396, Issue 7, Page(s) 1501–1511

    Abstract: Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs) cause lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production. We study whether dapsone is responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects of the sustained viral RNA interferon response. Around 2008 and 2012, ... ...

    Abstract Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs) cause lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production. We study whether dapsone is responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects of the sustained viral RNA interferon response. Around 2008 and 2012, Korea's Dementia Management Act stipulated drastic changes in the administration of dementia medication by medical staff. Participants were randomized and we compared leprosy patients with VRDs after prescribing dapsone as a standard treatment from 2005 to 2019. Significance was evaluated based on the dapsone-prescribed (+) subgroup and the dapsone-unprescribed (-) subgroup of the VRD diagnosed (+) and VRD undiagnosed (-) subgroup. We analyzed VRD ( +)/(- with dapsone (+)/(-) group and used a T-test, and designed the equation of acetylation with dapsone and acetylcholine (AA) equation. The 6394 VRD participants who received the dapsone intervention compared to the 3255 VRD participants in the control group demonstrated at T2 VRD (+) dapsone (-) (mean (M) = 224.80, SD = 97.50): T3 VRD (-) dapsone (+) (M = 110.87, SD = 103.80), proving that VRD is low when dapsone is taken and high when it is not taken. The t value is 3.10, and the p value is 0.004395 (significant at p < 0.05). After an increase in VRDs peaked in 2009, bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia surged in 2013. The AA equation was strongly negatively correlated with the prevalence of bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): with bronchitis, r(15) =  -0.823189, p = 0.005519, and with COPD, r(15) =  -0.8161, p = 0.000207 (significant at p < 0.05). Dapsone treated both bronchitis and COPD. This study provides theoretical clinical data to limit acetylcholine excess during the VRD pandemic for bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acetylcholine ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control ; Bronchitis/drug therapy ; Pneumonia ; Dapsone/therapeutic use ; Leprosy/drug therapy ; Leprosy/epidemiology ; Dementia
    Chemical Substances Acetylcholine (N9YNS0M02X) ; Dapsone (8W5C518302)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121471-8
    ISSN 1432-1912 ; 0028-1298
    ISSN (online) 1432-1912
    ISSN 0028-1298
    DOI 10.1007/s00210-023-02407-7
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    Ud II Zs.5: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs.

    Lee, Jong Hoon / Kanwar, Badar / Khattak, Asif / Balentine, Jenny / Nguyen, Ngoc Huy / Kast, Richard E / Lee, Chul Joong / Bourbeau, Jean / Altschuler, Eric L / Sergi, Consolato M / Nguyen, Tuan Ngoc Minh / Oh, Sangsuk / Sohn, Mun-Gi / Coleman, Michael

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 21

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) ... ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Acetylation ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Drug Repositioning ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; Aspirin ; Immunity, Innate/genetics
    Chemical Substances NF-kappa B ; Membrane Proteins ; Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Interferon Type I ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232113260
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  9. Article: Specific Treatment Exists for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS.

    Kanwar, Badar / Lee, Chul Joong / Lee, Jong-Hoon

    Vaccines

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 6

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), seems to be difficult to overcome. A pandemic of such a scale has not been seen since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Although the predominant clinical ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), seems to be difficult to overcome. A pandemic of such a scale has not been seen since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Although the predominant clinical presentation is respiratory disease, neurological manifestations and sequelae are increasingly being recognized. We observed a case series of rapid recovery of ARDS within 24 h in the preliminary clinical features of COVID-19 ARDS-associated neurological disease. It was also noted that by 15 April, 2021, there was no SARS-CoV-2 ARDS on Sorok Island in South Korea, where lepers had been living together. We compared each of dapsone's effects on humans and considered those of SARS-CoV-2. Dapsone showed different effects in the brain. The Sorokdo National Hospital reported a relationship between dapsone and the neuroinflammasome of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Sorok Island from January 2005 to June 2020. AD prevalence was low in the leprosy patient group who took dapsone regularly. The preliminary cross-sectional study of the trial group (22 subjects) and the control group (22 subjects) in the Hunt Regional Hospital reported the following results: The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is 0.022801. The result is considered significant at
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines9060635
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  10. Article ; Online: Dapsone is an anticatalysis for Alzheimer's disease exacerbation.

    Lee, Jong Hoon / Kanwar, Badar / Lee, Chul Joong / Sergi, Consolato / Coleman, Michael D

    iScience

    2022  Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 104274

    Abstract: Brain inflammation generally accelerates neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) triggers an innate immune response by activating a cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Our ... ...

    Abstract Brain inflammation generally accelerates neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease (AD) triggers an innate immune response by activating a cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. Our study investigated patients with leprosy and AD. They were treated with dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) as a neuroinflammasome competitor and cGAS/STING pathway inhibitor. Four groups were defined: Treatment (T) 1: DDS prescribed AD diagnosed, T 2: DDS prescribed AD undiagnosed, T 3 DDS unprescribed AD diagnosed, and T 4: DDS unprescribed AD undiagnosed. Dapsone effects on AD can be clearly distinguished according to dapsone presence or absence. T1:T3 proved that the incidence of AD was significantly reduced by dapsone. T2:T3 proved that the prevalence of AD was significantly high without dapsone. T1:T4 proved that the prevalence decreased when taking dapsone. Our study demonstrates that dapsone can prevent AD exacerbation and may represent a preventive therapeutic option for exacerbated AD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104274
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