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Article: Wastewater Surveillance during Mass COVID-19 Vaccination on a College Campus.

Bivins, Aaron / Bibby, Kyle

Environmental science & technology letters

2021 Volume 8, Issue 9, Page(s) 792–798

Abstract: The suitability of wastewater monitoring following widespread vaccination against COVID-19 remains uncertain. SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were monitored in wastewater solids during a university mass vaccination campaign in which >90% of the 12280 students were ...

Abstract	The suitability of wastewater monitoring following widespread vaccination against COVID-19 remains uncertain. SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were monitored in wastewater solids during a university mass vaccination campaign in which >90% of the 12280 students were fully vaccinated (Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT162b2). SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in wastewater solids correlated with the 7-day average of COVID-19 cases when lagged by 1-3 days (ρ = 0.51-0.55;
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2328-8930
ISSN	2328-8930
DOI	10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00519
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Article ; Online: The lavatory lens: Tracking the global movement of pathogens via aircraft wastewater

Bivins, Aaron / Morfino, Robert / Franklin, Andrew / Simpson, Stuart / Ahmed, Warish

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2024 Feb. 16, v. 54, no. 4 p.321-341

2024

Abstract: Modern commercial air travel connects disparate human populations. The global airline industry transported as many as 4.5 billion passengers annually in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. While such connections are convenient for commerce and ...

Abstract	Modern commercial air travel connects disparate human populations. The global airline industry transported as many as 4.5 billion passengers annually in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. While such connections are convenient for commerce and tourism, air travel networks can also be efficient distributors of infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health agencies used multi-layered control strategies to manage the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with air travel. Simultaneously, the surveillance of aircraft wastewater was further developed as a promising new method to screen for COVID-19, including newly emerging lineages, among international travelers. Herein, we review the potential of aircraft wastewater for public health surveillance. The known itinerary and defined passenger population along with the highly concentrated waste stream and ease of sampling during routine ground handling make aircraft wastewater a strategic opportunity for unintrusive surveillance of the global circulation of human pathogens. We estimate in the case of a fecal- or urine-shed pathogen, surveying 10% of all global long-haul flight passengers would require sampling from 3,500 and 1,250 flights per week, respectively. In the case of the United States, achieving 10% coverage of all international arrivals would require sampling from 925 and 322 flights per week for each shedding pathway, respectively. Aircraft wastewater surveillance can also be integrated with network and infectious disease models to better target traditional public health control measures during epidemic onset. Given the demonstrated potential for public good and the tremendous economic costs of epidemics, governments should consider international collaboration and investment to create a global aircraft wastewater surveillance system.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; air transportation ; aircraft ; flight ; humans ; monitoring ; pathogens ; public health ; risk ; tourism ; trade ; wastewater ; air travel ; infectious disease ; sentinel surveillance ; wastewater surveillance ; Frederic Coulon and Lena Q. Ma
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-0216
Size	p. 321-341.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2030115-7
ISSN	1547-6537 ; 1064-3389
ISSN (online)	1547-6537
ISSN	1064-3389
DOI	10.1080/10643389.2023.2239129
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Wastewater Surveillance during Mass COVID-19 Vaccination on a College Campus

Bivins, Aaron / Bibby, Kyle

Environmental science & technology letters. 2021 Aug. 23, v. 8, no. 9

2021

Abstract	The suitability of wastewater monitoring following widespread vaccination against COVID-19 remains uncertain. SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were monitored in wastewater solids during a university mass vaccination campaign in which >90% of the 12280 students were fully vaccinated (Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT162b2). SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in wastewater solids correlated with the 7-day average of COVID-19 cases when lagged by 1–3 days (ρ = 0.51–0.55; p = 0.023–0.039). During and after the second vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in wastewater solids on 19 of 21 days (12 consecutive days of nondetection at the end of the semester), a significant decrease (p = 0.027) in positivity rate. A large influx of outside visitors (move out and commencement) led to an immediate increase in wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity (seven detections over seven days). Wastewater solids offer a sensitive matrix for environmental surveillance of COVID-19 at the subsewershed level (50% probability of RNA detection with two cases) both during and after mass vaccination. Mass vaccination was coincident with decreased shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into wastewater. This suggests the absence of a large population of shedding infections, symptomatic or not, following mass vaccination among a university campus population.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; RNA ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; environmental monitoring ; probability ; technology ; vaccination ; vaccines ; wastewater
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0823
Size	p. 792-798.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	2328-8930
DOI	10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00519
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Article ; Online: Producing ratio measures of effect with quantitative microbial risk assessment.

Capone, Drew / Bivins, Aaron / Brown, Joe

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 917–927

Abstract: Estimating the risk of infections or other outcomes incident to pathogen exposure is a primary goal of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Such estimates are useful to predict population-level risks, to evaluate exposures based on normative or ...

Abstract	Estimating the risk of infections or other outcomes incident to pathogen exposure is a primary goal of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Such estimates are useful to predict population-level risks, to evaluate exposures based on normative or tolerable risk guidelines, and to interpret the likely public health relevance of microbial measurements in environmental media. To evaluate alternative control measures (interventions), ratio estimates of effect (e.g., odds and risk ratios) are needed that are more broadly interpretable in the health sciences and consistent with convention in epidemiology. In this paper, we propose a general method for estimating widely used ratio measures of effect derived from stochastic QMRA approaches, including the generation of appropriate confidence intervals. Such QMRA-derived ratios can be used as a basis for evaluating interventions via hypothesis testing and for inclusion in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in a form consistent with risk estimation approaches commonly used in epidemiology.
MeSH term(s)	Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors ; Public Health ; Water Microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	778660-8
ISSN	1539-6924 ; 0272-4332
ISSN (online)	1539-6924
ISSN	0272-4332
DOI	10.1111/risa.13972
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Article ; Online: Correspondence on "The Environmental Microbiology Minimum Information (EMMI) Guidelines: qPCR and dPCR Quality and Reporting for Environmental Microbiology".

Crank, Katherine / Papp, Katerina / Barber, Casey / Wang, Phillip / Bivins, Aaron / Gerrity, Daniel

Environmental science & technology

2023 Volume 57, Issue 48, Page(s) 20448–20449

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c07968
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Article ; Online: Harnessing wastewater surveillance to detect viral diseases in livestock settings.

Ahmed, Warish / Liu, Yawen / Smith, Wendy / Ingall, Wayne / Belby, Michael / Bivins, Aaron / Bertsch, Paul / Williams, David / Richards, Kirsty / Simpson, Stuart

The Science of the total environment

2024 , Page(s) 172593

Abstract: Wastewater surveillance has evolved into a powerful tool for monitoring public health-relevant analytes. Recent applications in tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection highlight its potential. Beyond humans, it can ...

Abstract	Wastewater surveillance has evolved into a powerful tool for monitoring public health-relevant analytes. Recent applications in tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection highlight its potential. Beyond humans, it can be extended to livestock settings due to the increasing demand for livestock products. Livestock intensification poses risks of disease emergence. Wastewater surveillance offers non-invasive, cost-effective means to detect potential outbreaks. This approach aligns with the "One Health" paradigm, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health. By monitoring viruses in livestock wastewater, early detection, prevention, and control strategies can be employed, safeguarding both animal and human health, economic stability, and international trade. This integrated "One Health" approach enhances collaboration and a comprehensive understanding of disease dynamics, supporting proactive measures in the Anthropocene era where animal and human diseases are on the rise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172593
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Article ; Online: Influence of membrane pore-size on the recovery of endogenous viruses from wastewater using an adsorption-extraction method.

Ahmed, Warish / Smith, Wendy J M / Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee / Kitajima, Masaaki / Bivins, Aaron / Simpson, Stuart L

Journal of virological methods

2023 Volume 317, Page(s) 114732

Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the significance of wastewater surveillance in monitoring and tracking the spread of infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. The wastewater surveillance approach detects genetic fragments from viruses in ... ...

Abstract	The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the significance of wastewater surveillance in monitoring and tracking the spread of infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. The wastewater surveillance approach detects genetic fragments from viruses in wastewater, which could provide an early warning of outbreaks in communities. In this study, we determined the concentrations of four types of endogenous viruses, including non-enveloped DNA (crAssphage and human adenovirus 40/41), non-enveloped RNA (enterovirus), and enveloped RNA (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, from wastewater samples using the adsorption-extraction (AE) method with electronegative HA membranes of different pore sizes (0.22, 0.45, and 0.80 µm). Our findings showed that the membrane with a pore size of 0.80 µm performed comparably to the membrane with a pore size of 0.45 µm for virus detection/quantitation (repeated measurement one-way ANOVA; p > 0.05). We also determined the recovery efficiencies of indigenous crAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus, which showed recovery efficiencies ranging from 50% to 94% and from 20% to 62%, respectively. Our results suggest that the use of larger pore size membranes may be beneficial for processing larger sample volumes, particularly for environmental waters containing low concentrations of viruses. This study offers valuable insights into the application of the AE method for virus recovery from wastewater, which is essential for monitoring and tracking infectious diseases in communities.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wastewater ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Pandemics ; Adsorption ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Viruses ; RNA ; RNA, Viral
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	8013-5
ISSN	1879-0984 ; 0166-0934
ISSN (online)	1879-0984
ISSN	0166-0934
DOI	10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114732
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Article ; Online: Unveiling indicator, enteric, and respiratory viruses in aircraft lavatory wastewater using adsorption-extraction and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles workflows.

Ahmed, Warish / Smith, Wendy J M / Tiwari, Ananda / Bivins, Aaron / Simpson, Stuart L

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 896, Page(s) 165007

Abstract: The effective detection of viruses in aircraft wastewater is crucial to establish surveillance programs for monitoring virus spread via aircraft passengers. This study aimed to compare the performance of two virus concentration workflows, adsorption- ... ...

Abstract	The effective detection of viruses in aircraft wastewater is crucial to establish surveillance programs for monitoring virus spread via aircraft passengers. This study aimed to compare the performance of two virus concentration workflows, adsorption-extraction (AE) and Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles (NMAP), in detecting the prevalence and concentrations of 15 endogenous viruses including ssDNA, dsDNA, ssRNA in 24 aircraft lavatory wastewater samples. The viruses tested included two indicator viruses, four enteric viruses, and nine respiratory viruses. The results showed that cross-assembly phage (crAssphage), human polyomavirus (HPyV), rhinovirus A (RhV A), and rhinovirus B (RhV B) were detected in all wastewater samples using both workflows. However, enterovirus (EV), human norovirus GII (HNoV GII), human adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (BoV), parechovirus (PeV), epstein-barr virus (EBV). Influenza A virus (IAV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV B) were infrequently detected by both workflows, and hepatitis A virus (HAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and respiratory syncytial virus B (RsV A) were not detected in any samples. The NMAP workflow had greater detection rates of RNA viruses (EV, PeV, and RsV B) than the AE workflow, while the AE workflow had greater detection rates of DNA viruses (HAdV, BoV, and EBV) than the NMAP workflow. The concentration of each virus was also analyzed, and the results showed that crAssphage had the highest mean concentration (6.76 log
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wastewater ; Workflow ; Adsorption ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Toilet Facilities ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Microbiota ; Bacteriophages ; Polyomavirus ; Adenoviruses, Human
Chemical Substances	Wastewater ; 2-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)propiophenone (110505-04-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165007
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Article ; Online: Making waves: Plausible lead time for wastewater based epidemiology as an early warning system for COVID-19.

Bibby, Kyle / Bivins, Aaron / Wu, Zhenyu / North, Devin

Water research

2021 Volume 202, Page(s) 117438

Abstract: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a useful tool in the fight to track and contain COVID-19 spread within communities. One of the motives behind COVID-19 WBE efforts is the potential for 'early warning' of either the onset of disease in a ...

Abstract	Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a useful tool in the fight to track and contain COVID-19 spread within communities. One of the motives behind COVID-19 WBE efforts is the potential for 'early warning' of either the onset of disease in a new setting or changes in trends in communities where disease is endemic. Many initial reports of the early warning potential of WBE have relied upon retrospective sample analysis, and delays in WBE analysis and reporting should be considered when evaluating the early warning potential of WBE that enable public health action. Our purpose in this manuscript is to establish a framework to critique the potential of WBE to serve as an early warning system, with special attention to the onset of viral shedding and the differential between results reporting for WBE and clinical testing. While many uncertainties remain regarding both COVID-19 clinical presentation and technical factors influencing WBE results, our analysis suggests at most a modest lead time interval ranging from six days for clinical testing to four days for WBE during community-level wastewater surveillance where clinical testing is accessible on-demand with a rapid time to results. This potential lead time for WBE subsequently increases in settings with limited clinical testing capacity or utilization. Care should be taken when reporting 'early detection' of COVID-19 disease trends via WBE to consider underlying causes (e.g., clinical testing lag or delayed result reporting) to avoid misrepresenting WBE potential.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Lead ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Wastewater ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Waste Water ; Lead (2P299V784P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2021.117438
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Article ; Online: Inferring SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding into wastewater relative to the time of infection - CORRIGENDUM.

Cavany, Sean / Bivins, Aaron / Wu, Zhenyu / North, Devin / Bibby, Kyle / Perkins, T Alex

Epidemiology and infection

2022 Volume 150, Page(s) e49

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	632982-2
ISSN	1469-4409 ; 0950-2688
ISSN (online)	1469-4409
ISSN	0950-2688
DOI	10.1017/S0950268822000322
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