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Article ; Online: Effects of Educational Materials About Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Charcoal use on Adult Smokers' Risk Perceptions.

Lipkus, Isaac M / Cobb, Caroline O

2022 Volume 51, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 51–69

Abstract: A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of ... ...

Abstract	A prospective online study, consisting of 203 participants ages 18 and older who smoked waterpipe (hookah) within the last 30 days, examined how brief messaging about harms of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco (shisha) influenced knowledge of toxicants released by using charcoal and perceived harms of using charcoal. Participants were randomized to either a control or to an educational arm that reviewed toxicants released by burning charcoal and the health consequences. Participants in the educational relative to the control arm perceived charcoal as more harmful, were more knowledgeable of toxicants released by burning charcoal, and expressed a stronger desire to quit. Effects were sustained a week later. Brief messages about the harms of burning charcoal were effective and may be used to educate the public about the harms of waterpipe tobacco smoking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adult ; Smokers ; Tobacco, Waterpipe/adverse effects ; Charcoal ; Prospective Studies ; Smoking
Chemical Substances	Charcoal (16291-96-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	189324-5
ISSN	1541-4159 ; 0047-2379
ISSN (online)	1541-4159
ISSN	0047-2379
DOI	10.1177/00472379221138052
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Article: Patient information videos via QR codes: An innovative and sustainable approach in ophthalmology.

Patel, Sirjhun / Ong, Wei Han / Cobb, Caroline / Gillan, Stewart

Scottish medical journal

2024 , Page(s) 369330241236945

Abstract: Background: We explore an innovative approach by transforming patient information leaflet (PILs) into Quick Response (QR) code linked patient information videos (PIVs) in ophthalmology. Our objectives are to assess the subjective utility of a PIV on ... ...

Abstract	Background: We explore an innovative approach by transforming patient information leaflet (PILs) into Quick Response (QR) code linked patient information videos (PIVs) in ophthalmology. Our objectives are to assess the subjective utility of a PIV on glaucoma and analyse the use of QR codes as a delivery method. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside. A glaucoma PIV was created and linked to a QR code provided to 130 glaucoma patients. Pre- and post-video questionnaires evaluated the patients' perception of using a QR code and subjective improvement in their understanding of glaucoma. Results: Out of 102 responses collected, 55% of patients had no prior experience with QR codes. However, 81% of patients were able to watch the PIV. The average view duration of the video was 3:26, with 82.5% view retention. Statistically significant improvement in glaucoma knowledge was observed across all six areas questioned (p < 0.001) using a 5-point Likert scale. Overall, 70% of patients preferred PIVs over PILs, and 77% acknowledged that PIVs could be a sustainable alternative. Conclusion: QR codes for delivering PIVs were well-received, with patients finding them easy to use. Our PIV on glaucoma effectively enhanced patients' understanding of the condition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	414085-0
ISSN	2045-6441 ; 0036-9330
ISSN (online)	2045-6441
ISSN	0036-9330
DOI	10.1177/00369330241236945
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Article ; Online: Next generation waterpipe devices: the rise of electrical heating elements.

Ben Taleb, Ziyad / Barrientos, Steven Alec / Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi / Cobb, Caroline Oates

Tobacco control

2023

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tc-2023-058188
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Zs.A 3651: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of liquid nicotine concentration and flavour on the acceptability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among people who smoke participating in a randomised controlled trial to reduce cigarette consumption.

Yingst, Jessica / Midya, Vishal / White, Augustus / Foulds, Jonathan / Cobb, Caroline O / Veldheer, Susan / Yen, Miao-Shan / Eissenberg, Thomas

Tobacco control

2024

Abstract: Background: Research is needed to understand the acceptability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a smoking reduction aid. This study examines the acceptability of ENDS by liquid nicotine concentration and flavour among people who smoke ... ...

Abstract	Background: Research is needed to understand the acceptability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as a smoking reduction aid. This study examines the acceptability of ENDS by liquid nicotine concentration and flavour among people who smoke using ENDS to reduce their smoking. Methods: People who smoke cigarettes but were naïve to ENDS participated in a double-blind randomised controlled trial to reduce conventional cigarette smoking. Participants were randomised to either a control cigarette substitute (CS) or one of three ENDS groups; 0 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL or 36 mg/mL nicotine concentration. ENDS flavour was chosen by the participant (tobacco or menthol). Participants reported their CS, ENDS and cigarettes per day (CPD) from the past 7 days at 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Participants also reported side effects and measures of satisfaction, psychological reward, aversion and craving relief. Outcome variables were modelled using linear mixed effects by the following groups: liquid nicotine concentration, flavour and a flavour-nicotine concentration interaction. Results: Participants (n=520) were 41.2% male, 67.3% white, had a mean age of 46.2 years and smoked a mean of 18.6 CPD (SD=7.74) at baseline. All flavour and concentration groups decreased CPD from baseline to all follow-up visits with the 36 mg/mL experiencing the greatest reduction, compared with the 0 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL groups. All groups except the 36 mg/mL group decreased their product use over time. The use of menthol flavour was associated with fewer side effects at 3 months (p=0.02) and lesser aversion at 1 month (p=0.03) compared with tobacco-flavoured ENDS. The 36 mg/mL group experienced the greatest craving relief and greatest aversion compared with other groups. Conclusions: Both nicotine concentration and flavour appear to have independent, as well as interactive, effects that influence ENDS acceptability among people who use cigarettes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tc-2023-058282
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Article ; Online: Evidence of premature vascular dysfunction in young adults who regularly use e-cigarettes and the impact of usage length.

Matheson, Chloe / Simovic, Tijana / Heefner, Allison / Colon, Marisa / Tunon, Enrique / Cobb, Kolton / Thode, Christopher / Breland, Alison / Cobb, Caroline O / Nana-Sinkam, Patrick / Garten, Ryan / Rodriguez-Miguelez, Paula

Angiogenesis

2024 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 229–243

Abstract: Background: Electronic (e-) cigarettes are increasingly popular tobacco products on the US market. Traditional tobacco products are known to cause vascular dysfunction, one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. However, ...

Abstract	Background: Electronic (e-) cigarettes are increasingly popular tobacco products on the US market. Traditional tobacco products are known to cause vascular dysfunction, one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. However, little is known about the effect of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of regular e-cigarette use on vascular function and cardiovascular health in young, healthy adults. Methods: Twenty-one regular users of e-cigarettes (ECU) and twenty-one demographically matched non-users (NU) completed this study. Vascular health was assessed in the cutaneous microcirculation through different reactivity tests to evaluate overall functionality, endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDD), and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EID). Macrovascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: Our results suggest that regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature microvascular impairment when compared to non-users. Specifically, they exhibit lower hyperemic (p = 0.003), thermal (p = 0.010), and EDD (p = 0.004) responses. No differences in EID between the groups were identified. We also identified that individuals who use e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years also present with systemic manifestations, as observed by significantly reduced macrovascular (p = 0.002) and microvascular (p ≤ 0.044) function. Conclusions: Our novel data suggests that young, apparently healthy, regular users of e-cigarettes present with premature vascular dysfunction in the microcirculation when compared to non-users. We have also identified systemic vascular dysfunction affecting both the micro and macrovasculature in those young individuals who used e-cigarettes for longer than 3 years. Taken together, these findings associate regular e-cigarette use with premature vascular dysfunctions and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Young Adult ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Vasodilation/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1484717-6
ISSN	1573-7209 ; 0969-6970
ISSN (online)	1573-7209
ISSN	0969-6970
DOI	10.1007/s10456-023-09903-7
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Zs.A 5094: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Perceived Harms of Waterpipe Tobacco Heating Sources Among Young Adult Waterpipe Tobacco Smokers.

Lipkus, Isaac M / Cobb, Caroline O / Eissenberg, Thomas

Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education

2020 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 293–301

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Heating ; Humans ; Male ; Smokers ; Tobacco, Waterpipe ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1362906-2
ISSN	1552-6127 ; 1090-1981
ISSN (online)	1552-6127
ISSN	1090-1981
DOI	10.1177/1090198119894964
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Se 523: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Initial evidence of the acute effect of electronic nicotine delivery system use on energy intake.

Maldonado, Gabrielle T / Höchsmann, Christoph / Anbil, Akansha / Neubig, Karissa / Imran, Rabia / Fuemmeler, Bernard F / Lipato, Thokozeni / Rachagiri, Vineela / Barnes, Andrew J / Martin, Corby K / Cobb, Caroline O

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology

2024

Abstract: Previous work has aimed to disentangle the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on appetite with mixed findings. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have yet to be examined in this regard despite evidence of use for weight control. The present ... ...

Abstract	Previous work has aimed to disentangle the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on appetite with mixed findings. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have yet to be examined in this regard despite evidence of use for weight control. The present study tested the influence of an ENDS on acute energy intake and associated subjective effects. Participants (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1209960-0
ISSN	1936-2293 ; 1064-1297
ISSN (online)	1936-2293
ISSN	1064-1297
DOI	10.1037/pha0000710
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Zs.A 4462: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment resulting in bilateral chemical eye injury secondary to EMLA cream: a case report.

Patel, Sirjhun / Shamdas, Mohith / Cobb, Caroline

BMC ophthalmology

2020 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 342

Abstract: Background: Plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment is a relatively novel and growing minimally invasive aesthetic skin procedure. The treatment claims to rejuvenate skin by improving facial lines, wrinkles and skin pigmentation associated with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment is a relatively novel and growing minimally invasive aesthetic skin procedure. The treatment claims to rejuvenate skin by improving facial lines, wrinkles and skin pigmentation associated with photo-ageing. The skin is often anaesthetised prior to the procedure with topical creams such as EMLA (Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics). We present the first case of bilateral chemical eye injury following plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment secondary to EMLA cream. EMLA cream was inadvertently administered to both eyes in preparation for the treatment. Case presentation: A patient was referred from the emergency department to a tertiary ophthalmology centre with bilateral exquisite eye pain, inability to open the eyes, photosensitivity and reduced vision. She underwent cosmetic plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment at her local salon four hours earlier. She was found to have bilateral alkali chemical eye injuries with significant diffuse corneal epithelial loss. The injury was thought to be caused by inadvertent ocular exposure to EMLA cream, which was used in preparation for the plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment. She was treated with topical antibiotics and achieved satisfactory recovery. Conclusion: This case report highlights a possible complication following plasma fibroblast skin tightening treatment. We lay emphasis on the importance identifying chemical injury and recommend that medication attention should be sought if there is any concern.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthetics, Local ; Eye Injuries ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination ; Prilocaine
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Local ; Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination ; Prilocaine (046O35D44R) ; Lidocaine (98PI200987)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050436-6
ISSN	1471-2415 ; 1471-2415
ISSN (online)	1471-2415
ISSN	1471-2415
DOI	10.1186/s12886-020-01613-8
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Article ; Online: Identification of Gamma-Butyrolactone in JUUL Liquids.

Holt, Alaina K / Poklis, Justin L / Cobb, Caroline O / Peace, Michelle R

Journal of analytical toxicology

2021 Volume 45, Issue 8, Page(s) 892–900

Abstract: Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), a commonly used industrial solvent, is used recreationally as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and, therefore, is a United States Drug Enforcement Agency List 1 chemical of the Controlled Substances Act. GBL was ... ...

Abstract	Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), a commonly used industrial solvent, is used recreationally as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and, therefore, is a United States Drug Enforcement Agency List 1 chemical of the Controlled Substances Act. GBL was identified presumptively in the liquid from JUUL Virginia Tobacco flavored pods during routine untargeted screening analysis of e-cigarette products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods for the analysis of GBL were developed for GC-MS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in the liquids and the aerosol generated from the liquid. Three flavors of JUUL pods available at the time of analysis were obtained by direct purchase from the manufacturer, purchase from a local vape shop and submission from a third party. The only liquid flavor to contain GBL was Virginia Tobacco, with an average of 0.37 mg/mL of GBL, and it was detected in the aerosol. Studies evaluating the pharmacological effects of inhaling GBL do not exist; however, a case report of chronic oral GBL ingestion indicates acute lung injury. The identification of GBL in an e-cigarette product purportedly compliant with federal regulation continues to demonstrate public health and public safety concerns.
MeSH term(s)	4-Butyrolactone ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; United States ; Vaping
Chemical Substances	4-Butyrolactone (OL659KIY4X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752391-9
ISSN	1945-2403 ; 0146-4760
ISSN (online)	1945-2403
ISSN	0146-4760
DOI	10.1093/jat/bkab067
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Zs.A 1333: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Expanding on cross-price elasticity: Understanding tobacco product demand and substitution from the cross-price purchase task.

Bono, Rose S / White, Augustus M / Hoetger, Cosima / Lipato, Thokozeni / Bickel, Warren K / Cobb, Caroline O / Barnes, Andrew J

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

2023 Volume 121, Issue 2, Page(s) 175–188

Abstract: We examine whether cigarettes serve as substitutes for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among ENDS users and demonstrate methodological extensions of data from a cross-price purchase task to inform policies and interventions. During a clinical ...

Abstract	We examine whether cigarettes serve as substitutes for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among ENDS users and demonstrate methodological extensions of data from a cross-price purchase task to inform policies and interventions. During a clinical laboratory study, n = 19 exclusive ENDS users and n = 17 dual cigarette/ENDS users completed a cross-price purchase task with cigarettes available at a fixed price while prices of own-brand ENDS increased. We estimated cross-price elasticity using linear models to examine substitutability. We defined five additional outcomes: nonzero cross-price intensity (purchasing cigarettes if ENDS were free), constant null demand (not purchasing cigarettes at any ENDS price), cross-product crossover point (first price where participants purchased more cigarettes than ENDS), dual-demand score (percentage of prices where both products were purchased), and dual-use break point (minimum relative price to force complete substitution). The cross-price elasticity results indicated that cigarettes could serve as substitutes for ENDS among ENDS users on average, but this average effect masked substantial heterogeneity in profiles of demand (here, a measure of the drug's reinforcement potential). Policies and regulations that increase ENDS prices appear unlikely to steer most exclusive ENDS users toward cigarette use, as most would not purchase cigarettes at any ENDS price, but they could prompt some dual users to substitute cigarettes completely while others remain dual users. This heterogeneity in consumer responses suggests additional indices of cross-product demand are useful to characterize the anticipated and unanticipated effects of tobacco price policies more fully.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tobacco Products ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Elasticity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219405-3
ISSN	1938-3711 ; 0022-5002
ISSN (online)	1938-3711
ISSN	0022-5002
DOI	10.1002/jeab.890
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