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Article ; Online: Four cognitive-ecological biases that reduce integration between medical and cyber intelligence and represent a threat to cybersecurity

Paolo Zucca

Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100046- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Cognitive biases are consistent and predictable mental errors caused by our simplified information processing strategies. Some cognitive-ecological biases have a negative and specific impact on the organization of Intelligence Communities and in ... ...

Abstract	Cognitive biases are consistent and predictable mental errors caused by our simplified information processing strategies. Some cognitive-ecological biases have a negative and specific impact on the organization of Intelligence Communities and in particular on the mechanisms of integration of competencies between Medical and Cyber Intelligence, and they represent a serious threat to Cyber security. The spread of these systematic errors is practically ubiquitous and most, if not all, Intelligence analysts are at risk of error due to bias since it is a generalized phenomenon neither correlated with intelligence nor with other specific cognitive ability. The lack of exposure to the natural world of our species during the delicate phase of development only increases our propensity as a species for ecological destruction, generates a lack of knowledge about biological risks and amplifies the negative effects of these cognitive biases. We are not immune to evolutionary influence and since these biases have been present for a long time in our evolutionary history, it is very difficult to overcome them and implement ''debiasing strategies''. A potential ''debiasing'' model organization based on the competence’s integration between Medical and Cyber Intelligence is proposed. The key role within this model is represented by the “Symbiont or Cybiont”. This figure will be able to utilize the computer network as a mean for rapid communications, storage and retrieval of large bodies of knowledge. This augmented knowledge will be used also for reducing human’s ecological impact on nature and improving the debiases strategies of the Intelligence Communities.
Keywords	Cognitive-ecological bias ; Biological threats ; Psychological threats ; Medical Intelligence ; Fluid mosaic model ; Cyber security ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	401
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Four cognitive-ecological biases that reduce integration between medical and cyber intelligence and represent a threat to cybersecurity

Zucca, Paolo

Forensic science international. 2022 Dec., v. 2

2022

Abstract	Cognitive biases are consistent and predictable mental errors caused by our simplified information processing strategies. Some cognitive-ecological biases have a negative and specific impact on the organization of Intelligence Communities and in particular on the mechanisms of integration of competencies between Medical and Cyber Intelligence, and they represent a serious threat to Cyber security. The spread of these systematic errors is practically ubiquitous and most, if not all, Intelligence analysts are at risk of error due to bias since it is a generalized phenomenon neither correlated with intelligence nor with other specific cognitive ability. The lack of exposure to the natural world of our species during the delicate phase of development only increases our propensity as a species for ecological destruction, generates a lack of knowledge about biological risks and amplifies the negative effects of these cognitive biases. We are not immune to evolutionary influence and since these biases have been present for a long time in our evolutionary history, it is very difficult to overcome them and implement "debiasing strategies". A potential "debiasing" model organization based on the competence’s integration between Medical and Cyber Intelligence is proposed. The key role within this model is represented by the “Symbiont or Cybiont”. This figure will be able to utilize the computer network as a mean for rapid communications, storage and retrieval of large bodies of knowledge. This augmented knowledge will be used also for reducing human’s ecological impact on nature and improving the debiases strategies of the Intelligence Communities.
Keywords	cognition ; computer security ; computers ; environmental impact ; forensic sciences ; humans ; models ; risk ; symbionts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2666-9374
DOI	10.1016/j.fsiae.2022.100046
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: An Extra-Articular Surgical Approach to Subchondral Bone Cysts in the Humeral Head and Talus in Two Horses.

Ravanetti, Paolo / Kühnle, Christoph / Lechartier, Antoine / Zucca, Enrica

Journal of equine veterinary science

2022 Volume 118, Page(s) 104092

Abstract: To date, only a few reports describe the treatment. The present report describes an extraarticular surgical approach, with the insertion of an absorbable implant, to treat a Subchondral cystic lesion (SCL) in the humeral head 3year old racing ... ...

Abstract	To date, only a few reports describe the treatment. The present report describes an extraarticular surgical approach, with the insertion of an absorbable implant, to treat a Subchondral cystic lesion (SCL) in the humeral head 3year old racing Thoroughbred & in the talus of a 11year old Arabian horse. SCLs were radiographically visible and associated with severe lameness. Scintigraphy showed focal intense radiopharmaceutical uptake in both cases, and CT scan revealed signs of osteoarthrosis associated with SCL in the talus. The use of a biocompatible, osteoinductive and osteoconductive implant allowed a reduction of the SCL radiographic appearance of at least 70% in both cases and horses returned to their previous athletic activity. The results of the present study might provide substantial information about a new surgical option to treat SCLs in the scapulohumeral and tarsocrural joints and may broaden prognosis and prolong future athletic ability of affected horses.
MeSH term(s)	Horses ; Animals ; Talus/diagnostic imaging ; Lameness, Animal/diagnosis ; Horse Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Humeral Head/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Cysts/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Cysts/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104092
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Laterality preferences at rest and predatory behaviour of the Gyrfalcon (

Baciadonna, Luigi / Zucca, Paolo / Samour, Jaime

Laterality

2021 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–100

Abstract: Brain lateralization is generally considered adaptive for an individual and it can be ascertained, for example, by measuring the preferential use of limbs. Avian models have been extensively used to investigate the evolution and the advantages of brain ... ...

Abstract	Brain lateralization is generally considered adaptive for an individual and it can be ascertained, for example, by measuring the preferential use of limbs. Avian models have been extensively used to investigate the evolution and the advantages of brain lateralization. Birds of prey are a good model to study motor laterality, however to date they have been studied almost exclusively in the context of predatory behaviour. In this study, we tested lateralization in Gyrfalcon (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Predatory Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028955-8
ISSN	1464-0678 ; 1357-650X
ISSN (online)	1464-0678
ISSN	1357-650X
DOI	10.1080/1357650X.2021.1958831
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Surgical Repair of a Unicortical Condylar Fracture in a Thoroughbred Racehorse Using a Bioabsorbable Screw.

Ravanetti, Paolo / Hamon, Muriel / Lechartier, Antoin / Zucca, Enrica

Journal of equine veterinary science

2021 Volume 99, Page(s) 103384

Abstract: Surgical repair of unicortical fractures of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bones (MCIII/MTIII) has been described. In the present case, a bioabsorbable screw was used to stabilize a unicortical fracture in the palmar aspect of the ...

Abstract	Surgical repair of unicortical fractures of the distal condyles of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bones (MCIII/MTIII) has been described. In the present case, a bioabsorbable screw was used to stabilize a unicortical fracture in the palmar aspect of the medial condyle of MCIII in a National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorse. The clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings before and after surgery were recorded. Eighteen weeks after surgery, the lameness had resolved and the bone surrounding the fracture had recovered its normal architecture. One year after surgery, the horse was in training, showed no recurrence of the primary lesion and was considered a "racing prospect" by the trainer. The use of a bioabsorbable screw in this case was associated with a successful outcome and is worthy of further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Bone Screws ; Fractures, Bone/veterinary ; Horse Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Horses ; Metacarpal Bones
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103384
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A machine learning approach based on ACMG/AMP guidelines for genomic variant classification and prioritization.

Nicora, Giovanna / Zucca, Susanna / Limongelli, Ivan / Bellazzi, Riccardo / Magni, Paolo

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2517

Abstract: Genomic variant interpretation is a critical step of the diagnostic procedure, often supported by the application of tools that may predict the damaging impact of each variant or provide a guidelines-based classification. We propose the application of ... ...

Abstract	Genomic variant interpretation is a critical step of the diagnostic procedure, often supported by the application of tools that may predict the damaging impact of each variant or provide a guidelines-based classification. We propose the application of Machine Learning methodologies, in particular Penalized Logistic Regression, to support variant classification and prioritization. Our approach combines ACMG/AMP guidelines for germline variant interpretation as well as variant annotation features and provides a probabilistic score of pathogenicity, thus supporting the prioritization and classification of variants that would be interpreted as uncertain by the ACMG/AMP guidelines. We compared different approaches in terms of variant prioritization and classification on different datasets, showing that our data-driven approach is able to solve more variant of uncertain significance (VUS) cases in comparison with guidelines-based approaches and in silico prediction tools.
MeSH term(s)	Bayes Theorem ; Cohort Studies ; Computer Simulation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Genomics/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Machine Learning ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Research Design ; Software
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-06547-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A composite absorbable implant used to treat subchondral bone cysts in 38 horses.

Ravanetti, Paolo / Lechartier, Antoine / Hamon, Muriel / Zucca, Enrica

Equine veterinary journal

2021 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 97–105

Abstract: Background: In the last 30 years, several treatments have been proposed to treat subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) but there have been no randomised studies to compare different methods and there is no consensus as to the optimal treatment.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the last 30 years, several treatments have been proposed to treat subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) but there have been no randomised studies to compare different methods and there is no consensus as to the optimal treatment. Objectives: To evaluate a biocompatible absorbable implant for the treatment of SCLs in young horses in different anatomical locations. Study design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Horses with SCLs were treated with debridement through a trans-cortical extra-articular approach and an absorbable implant was inserted in the cavity. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was recorded and follow up ranged from 28 to 46 months (mean 37 months). Racing records were reviewed. Results: Thirty-eight horses between 10 and 24 months of age were included in the study. In 36 of 38 horses treated, lameness resolved, and 77% average filling of the cyst was measured 120 days after surgery on radiographs. In two cases, surgical complications were recorded. Main limitations: Information about the resorption of the implant is not available. Radiographs were performed in various hospitals or at farms or training stables, therefore, possible minor variations in technique and positioning occurred. Conclusions: The extra-articular approach to the SCLs followed by the insertion of the absorbable implant led to clinical and radiographic improvement of the SCLs at 120 days after surgery. This technique, feasible in different anatomical locations, may offer an alternative to treat SCLs in young horses.
MeSH term(s)	Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Bone Cysts/veterinary ; Horse Diseases/surgery ; Horses ; Lameness, Animal/surgery ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	2042-3306 ; 0425-1644
ISSN (online)	2042-3306
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13428
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Biochemical and Phylogenetic Analysis of Italian

Peddio, Stefania / Lorrai, Sonia / Padiglia, Alessandra / Cannea, Faustina B / Dettori, Tinuccia / Cristiglio, Viviana / Genovese, Luigi / Zucca, Paolo / Rescigno, Antonio

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 16

Abstract: Phaseolus ... ...

Abstract	Phaseolus vulgaris
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12162918
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: An extra-articular surgical approach to subchondral bone cysts in the humeral head and talus in two horses

Ravanetti, Paolo / Kühnle, Christoph / Lechartier, Antoine / Zucca, Enrica

Journal of equine veterinary science. 2022 Aug. 02,

2022

Abstract: To date, only a few reports describe the treatment. The present report describes an extraarticular surgical approach, with the insertion of an absorbable implant, to treat a SCLs in the humeral head 3year old racing Thoroughbred & in the talus of a ... ...

Abstract	To date, only a few reports describe the treatment. The present report describes an extraarticular surgical approach, with the insertion of an absorbable implant, to treat a SCLs in the humeral head 3year old racing Thoroughbred & in the talus of a 11year old Arabian horse. SCLs were radiographically visible and associated with severe lameness. Scintigraphy showed focal intense radiopharmaceutical uptake in both cases, and CT scan revealed signs of osteoarthrosis associated with SCL in the talus. The use of a biocompatible, osteoinductive and osteoconductive implant allowed a reduction of the SCL radiographic appearance of at least 70% in both cases and horses returned to their previous athletic activity. The results of the present study might provide substantial information about a new surgical option to treat SCLs in the scapulohumeral and tarsocrural joints and may broaden prognosis and prolong future athletic ability of affected horses.
Keywords	Thoroughbred ; computed tomography ; horses ; humerus ; lameness ; osteoarthritis ; prognosis ; radiography ; scintigraphy ; surgery ; talus ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0802
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2102631-2
ISSN	1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
ISSN (online)	1542-7412
ISSN	0737-0806
DOI	10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104092
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Climate Change Impact on Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Bridges and Their Seismic Performance

Marco Zucca / Filippo Landi / Mario Lucio Puppio / Fausto Mistretta / Paolo Formichi / Pietro Croce

Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 1, p

2023 Volume 60

Abstract: As a consequence of climate change impact, a significant variation in terms of temperature, atmospheric humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration levels is happening. This condition leads to several negative effects on the safety and the life cycle of ... ...

Abstract	As a consequence of climate change impact, a significant variation in terms of temperature, atmospheric humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration levels is happening. This condition leads to several negative effects on the safety and the life cycle of existing concrete structures, such as the increase in the rate of material degradation, due to corrosion phenomena. In fact, the presence of carbonation and corrosion phenomena significantly influence the load-bearing capacity of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures, under both static and dynamic loads. Among the wide range of existing RC constructions, bridges stand out for their importance. Furthermore, as structures directly exposed to the weather effects, they are more susceptible to these phenomena. In this paper, the influence of corrosion on existing RC motorway viaducts’ seismic behavior, considering the impact of climate change, is investigated, by means of an efficient procedure based on the implementation of 3D simplified finite element models and the use of analytical relations to obtain the amount of reduction in the steel reinforcement area as a function of the age of the bridge and of the different corrosion scenarios analyzed. Several scenarios for the expected variations in CO 2 concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity are evaluated, considering that most of the viaducts present in the Italian motorway network were built between the 1960s and the 1970s. The results obtained using the projection of climate change impacts are compared with those calculated considering the corrosion scenarios resulting from the DuraCrete research project, to understand if the evolution of climate change leads to worse scenarios than those previously assessed.
Keywords	climate change impact ; seismic performance ; existing reinforced concrete bridges ; corrosion ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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