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  1. Article: What do we really know about the drivers of undeclared work? An evaluation of the current state of affairs using machine learning.

    Franic, Josip

    AI & society

    2022  , Page(s) 1–20

    Abstract: It is nowadays widely understood that undeclared work cannot be efficiently combated without a holistic view on the mechanisms underlying its existence. However, the question remains whether we possess all the pieces of ... ...

    Abstract It is nowadays widely understood that undeclared work cannot be efficiently combated without a holistic view on the mechanisms underlying its existence. However, the question remains whether we possess all the pieces of the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1458413-X
    ISSN 1435-5655 ; 0951-5666
    ISSN (online) 1435-5655
    ISSN 0951-5666
    DOI 10.1007/s00146-022-01490-3
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  2. Article ; Online: What Lies Behind Substantial Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Between EU Member States?

    Franic, Josip

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 858265

    Abstract: Background: Despite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to vaccination compared to their Western counterparts. To understand whether and to what extent this has to do with the socialist legacy, in this paper we explore wider economic, political, and cultural determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the EU.
    Methods: Data from Flash Eurobarometer 494 conducted in May 2021 were used to model the attitudes of EU citizens toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on their views and intentions, each of 26,106 survey participants was allocated into one of the following categories: (1) already vaccinated/plan to get vaccinated; (2) indecisive; (3) refuse vaccination. Multilevel multinomial logit was employed to understand what underlies the reasoning of each group.
    Results: The survey revealed that 13.4% of Europeans planned to delay vaccination against COVID-19, while 11.2% did not intend to get vaccinated. Although numerous demographic and socio-economic factors jointly shape their viewpoints, it is trust (in the authorities, science, peers, and online social networks above all) that strongly dominates citizens' reasoning. Given that most transition societies are witnessing the pandemic of distrust at various levels, this seemingly unrelated feature appears to be vital in explaining why newer member states record lower vaccination rates. Education was also found to play a pivotal role, which is reflected in an individual's ability to critically assess information from various sources.
    Conclusion: The study results clearly illustrate how long-lasting structural problems (specific for, but not confined to, transition countries) can manifest themselves in unforeseen circumstances if left unaddressed. It is hence of vital importance to learn the lesson and prevent similar issues in the future. Above all, this would require wide-ranging reforms aiming to repair the imperceptible psychological contract between citizens and the state authorities.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Intention ; Pandemics ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858265
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  3. Article ; Online: What Lies Behind Substantial Differences in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Between EU Member States?

    Josip Franic

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: BackgroundDespite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundDespite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to vaccination compared to their Western counterparts. To understand whether and to what extent this has to do with the socialist legacy, in this paper we explore wider economic, political, and cultural determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the EU.MethodsData from Flash Eurobarometer 494 conducted in May 2021 were used to model the attitudes of EU citizens toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on their views and intentions, each of 26,106 survey participants was allocated into one of the following categories: (1) already vaccinated/plan to get vaccinated; (2) indecisive; (3) refuse vaccination. Multilevel multinomial logit was employed to understand what underlies the reasoning of each group.ResultsThe survey revealed that 13.4% of Europeans planned to delay vaccination against COVID-19, while 11.2% did not intend to get vaccinated. Although numerous demographic and socio-economic factors jointly shape their viewpoints, it is trust (in the authorities, science, peers, and online social networks above all) that strongly dominates citizens' reasoning. Given that most transition societies are witnessing the pandemic of distrust at various levels, this seemingly unrelated feature appears to be vital in explaining why newer member states record lower vaccination rates. Education was also found to play a pivotal role, which is reflected in an individual's ability to critically assess information from various sources.ConclusionThe study results clearly illustrate how long-lasting structural problems (specific for, but not confined to, transition countries) can manifest themselves in unforeseen circumstances if left unaddressed. It is hence of vital importance to learn the lesson and prevent similar issues in the future. Above all, this would require wide-ranging reforms ...
    Keywords COVID-19 ; vaccine hesitancy ; anti-vaccinationism ; socialist legacy ; EU ; multilevel modeling ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Why workers engage in quasi-formal employment? Some lessons from Croatia

    Josip FRANIC

    Eastern Journal of European Studies, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 94-

    2020  Volume 112

    Abstract: Although quasi-formal employment has become a constituent part of labour markets around Europe, there is still limited understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying this illicit scheme. The lack of knowledge is particularly pronounced when it comes to ...

    Abstract Although quasi-formal employment has become a constituent part of labour markets around Europe, there is still limited understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying this illicit scheme. The lack of knowledge is particularly pronounced when it comes to the rationales for workers to accept such jobs regardless of all pitfalls attached. To fill the gap, this paper elaborates on the most important findings from qualitative interviews with 30 quasi-formal workers in Croatia. Besides low employment prospects, this study conducted in 2015 also highlights distrust in institutions, low intrinsic willingness to pay taxes, lack of deterrence and misperception regarding financial gain as the key factors shaping the decisions of labour suppliers in this respect. Apart from sizeable theoretical contribution, the findings presented in this paper are also expected to assist policymakers in Croatia and beyond in their endeavours to reduce the attractiveness of wage underreporting for workers.
    Keywords quasi-formal employment ; under-declared employment ; envelope wages ; croatia ; qualitative research ; Geography (General) ; G1-922 ; Political science ; J
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Tackling the illegitimate under-reporting of salaries in Southeast Europe

    Colin C. WILLIAMS / Josip FRANIC

    Eastern Journal of European Studies, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 5-

    some lessons from a 2015 survey in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia

    2017  Volume 28

    Abstract: To tackle the illegitimate employer practice of under-reporting salaries, the conventional deterrence policy approach seeks to increase the penalties and risk of detection. Recently, however, calls have been made for a new more indirect approach that ... ...

    Abstract To tackle the illegitimate employer practice of under-reporting salaries, the conventional deterrence policy approach seeks to increase the penalties and risk of detection. Recently, however, calls have been made for a new more indirect approach that enhances tax morale so as to nurture a culture of self-regulation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate these two policy approaches. Reporting evidence from 6,019 face-to-face interviews conducted in Bulgaria, Croatia and FYR Macedonia in 2015, logit regression analysis reveals no association between salary under-reporting and the perceived level of penalties and risk of detection, but a strong association between salary under-reporting and the level of tax morale. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for theory and policy.
    Keywords envelope wages ; tax morale ; informal economy ; Southeast Europe ; Geography (General) ; G1-922 ; Political science ; J
    Subject code 320
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Tackling the Propensity towards Undeclared Work

    Williams Colin C. / Franic Josip

    South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 18-

    Some Policy Lessons from Croatia

    2015  Volume 31

    Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate contrasting policy approaches towards undeclared work. To do so, evidence is reported from 1,000 face-to-face interviews conducted in Croatia during 2013. Logistic regression analysis reveals no association between ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate contrasting policy approaches towards undeclared work. To do so, evidence is reported from 1,000 face-to-face interviews conducted in Croatia during 2013. Logistic regression analysis reveals no association between participation in undeclared work and the perceived level of penalties and risk of detection, but a strong association between participation in undeclared work and the level of tax morality. It thus confirms recent calls for the conventional direct controls approach, which seeks to deter engagement in undeclared work by increasing the penalties and risk of detection, to be replaced by an indirect controls approach which seeks to improve tax morality so as to encourage greater self-regulation and a culture of commitment to compliance. The implications for theory and policy are then discussed.
    Keywords informal sector ; tax morale ; institutional theory ; tax evasion ; Croatia ; South-East Europe ; Social Sciences ; H ; Commerce ; HF1-6182 ; Business ; HF5001-6182
    Subject code 300
    Publishing date 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher De Gruyter Open
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Explaining the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria

    Williams Colin C. / Franic Josip / Dzhekova Rositsa

    South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 33-

    an Institutional Asymmetry Perspective

    2015  Volume 45

    Abstract: This paper proposes a way of explaining the undeclared economy that represents participation in undeclared work as a violation of the social contract between the state and its citizens, and as arising when the informal institutions comprising the norms, ... ...

    Abstract This paper proposes a way of explaining the undeclared economy that represents participation in undeclared work as a violation of the social contract between the state and its citizens, and as arising when the informal institutions comprising the norms, values and beliefs of citizens (civic morality) do not align with the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions (state morality). Drawing upon evidence from 1,018 face-to-face interviews conducted in Bulgaria during 2013, the finding is that the greater is the asymmetry between formal and informal institutions (i.e., citizens’ civic morality and state morality), the greater is the likelihood of participation in the undeclared economy, and vice versa. The outcome is that tackling the undeclared economy requires a focus upon reducing this lack of alignment of formal and informal institutions. How this can be achieved in Bulgaria in particular and South-East Europe and beyond more generally, is then discussed.
    Keywords informal sector ; shadow economy ; tax morale ; institutional theory ; Bulgaria ; South-East Europe ; Social Sciences ; H ; Commerce ; HF1-6182 ; Business ; HF5001-6182
    Subject code 300
    Publishing date 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher De Gruyter Open
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Quetiapine in management of manic symptoms in patient with heart transplantation: a case report.

    Franić, Tomislav / Kero, Tonći / Katić, Josip / Marčinko, Darko / Bilušić, Marijo

    Psychiatria Danubina

    2012  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 402–404

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy ; Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Quetiapine Fumarate
    Chemical Substances Antipsychotic Agents ; Dibenzothiazepines ; Quetiapine Fumarate (2S3PL1B6UJ)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12
    Publishing country Croatia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1067580-2
    ISSN 0353-5053
    ISSN 0353-5053
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  9. Article: Evaluating the policy approach towards the undeclared economy in FYR Macedonia

    Dzhekova, Rositsa / Franic, Josip / Mishkov, Lyubo / Williams, Colin C

    International journal of entrepreneurship and small business Vol. 24, No. 2 , p. 268-286

    2015  Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 268–286

    Author's details Colin C. Williams, Rositsa Dzhekova, Josip Franic and Lyubo Mishkov
    Keywords informal sector ; shadow economy ; entrepreneurship ; tax evasion ; economic development ; public policy ; Macedonia
    Language English
    Size graph. Darst.
    Publisher Inderscience
    Publishing place Olney, Bucks
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2167952-6
    ISSN 1476-1297
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  10. Article ; Online: EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PERFORMANCE IN THE MAIZE IBM POPULATION

    Mario Franić / Maja Mazur / Mirna Volenik / Josip Brkić / Andrija Brkić / Domagoj Šimić

    Poljoprivreda (Osijek), Vol 21, Iss 2, Pp 36-

    2015  Volume 40

    Abstract: Photosynthesis is a vital process in plant physiology. Performance index is an indicator of plant vitality and is used as a main parameter in chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant density is an important factor in maize production that can affect ... ...

    Abstract Photosynthesis is a vital process in plant physiology. Performance index is an indicator of plant vitality and is used as a main parameter in chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Plant density is an important factor in maize production that can affect grain yield. Objective of this paper was to estimate the effect of plant density on agronomic traits and photosynthetic efficiency in the maize IBM population. The results showed a decrease in grain yield per plant basis (20 plants per plot) in higher plant density (normal density - 3.88 kg per plot, high density - 2.95 kg per plot) and an increase in grain yield per unit area (yield/ha) in higher plant density (normal density - 11.03t ha-1, high density - 13.64 t ha-1). Performance index was decreased in higher plant density (normal density - 5.31, high density - 4.95). Statistical analysis showed highly significant effect (p<0.001) of density on performance index and highly significant effects (p<0.001) of plant density and genotype on maize yield. Low positive correlation was observed between grain yield per plot and performance index (r = 0.36, p<0.001).
    Keywords plant density ; photosynthetic performance ; maize ; yield ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972 ; Agriculture ; S
    Subject code 580
    Language Croatian
    Publishing date 2015-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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