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  1. Book ; Online: Scientific Impact of Graph-Based Approaches in Deep Learning Studies -- A Bibliometric Comparison

    Turker, Ilker / Tan, Serhat Orkun

    2022  

    Abstract: Applying graph-based approaches in deep learning receives more attention over time. This study presents statistical analysis on the use of graph-based approaches in deep learning and examines the scientific impact of the related articles. Processing the ... ...

    Abstract Applying graph-based approaches in deep learning receives more attention over time. This study presents statistical analysis on the use of graph-based approaches in deep learning and examines the scientific impact of the related articles. Processing the data obtained from the Web of Science database, metrics such as the type of the articles, funding availability, indexing type, annual average number of citations and the number of access were analyzed to quantitatively reveal the effects on the scientific audience. It's outlined that deep learning-based studies gained momentum after year 2013, and the rate of graph-based approaches in all deep learning studies increased linearly from 1% to 4% within the following 10 years. Conference publications scanned in the Conference Proceeding Citation Index (CPCI) on the graph-based approaches receive significantly more citations. The citation counts of the SCI-Expanded and Emerging SCI indexed publications of the two streams are close to each other. While the citation performances of the supported and unsupported publications of the two sides were similar, pure deep learning studies received more citations on the journal publication side and graph-based approaches received more citations on the conference side. Despite their similar performance in recent years, graph-based studies show twice more citation performance as they get older, compared to traditional approaches. Annual average citation performance per article for all deep learning studies is 11.051 in 2014, while it is 22.483 for graph-based studies. Also, despite receiving 16% more access, graph-based papers get almost the same overall citation over time with the pure counterpart. This is an indication that graph-based approaches need a greater bunch of attention to follow, while pure deep learning counterpart is relatively simpler to get inside.

    Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Digital Libraries ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
    Subject code 001
    Publishing date 2022-10-13
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Comparison of wear and fracture resistance of additively and subtractively manufactured screw-retained, implant-supported crowns.

    Diken Türksayar, Almira Ada / Demirel, Münir / Donmez, Mustafa Borga / Olcay, Emin Orkun / Eyüboğlu, Tan Fırat / Özcan, Mutlu

    The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

    2023  

    Abstract: Statement of problem: Additively manufactured resins indicated for fixed definitive prostheses have been recently marketed. However, knowledge on their wear and fracture resistance when fabricated as screw-retained, implant-supported crowns and ... ...

    Abstract Statement of problem: Additively manufactured resins indicated for fixed definitive prostheses have been recently marketed. However, knowledge on their wear and fracture resistance when fabricated as screw-retained, implant-supported crowns and subjected to artificial aging is limited.
    Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the volume loss, maximum wear depth, and fracture resistance of screw-retained implant-supported crowns after thermomechanical aging when fabricated using additively and subtractively manufactured materials.
    Material and methods: Two additively manufactured composite resins (Crowntec [CT] and VarseoSmile Crown Plus [VS]) and 2 subtractively manufactured materials (1 reinforced composite resin, Brilliant Crios [BC] and 1 polymer-infiltrated ceramic network, Vita Enamic [EN]) were used to fabricate standardized screw-retained, implant-supported crowns. After fabrication, the crowns were cemented on titanium base abutments and then tightened to implants embedded in acrylic resin. A laser scanner with a triangular displacement sensor (LAS-20) was used to digitize the preaging state of the crowns. Then, all crowns were subjected to thermomechanical aging (1.2 million cycles under 50 N) and rescanned. A metrology-grade analysis software program (Geomagic Control X 2020.1) was used to superimpose postaging scans over preaging scans to calculate the volume loss (mm
    Results: Material type affected the tested parameters (P<.001). CT and VS had higher volume loss and maximum wear depth than BC and EN (P<.001). EN had the highest fracture resistance among tested materials (P<.001), whereas BC had higher fracture resistance than CT (P=.011). The differences among tested materials were not significant when the Weibull modulus was considered (P=.199); however, VE had the highest characteristic strength (P<.001).
    Conclusions: Additively manufactured screw-retained, implant-supported crowns had higher volume loss and maximum wear depth. All materials had fracture resistance values higher than the previously reported masticatory forces of the premolar region; however, the higher characteristic strength of the subtractively manufactured polymer-infiltrated ceramic network may indicate its resistance to mechanical complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218157-5
    ISSN 1097-6841 ; 0022-3913
    ISSN (online) 1097-6841
    ISSN 0022-3913
    DOI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.06.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The impact of bariatric surgery on obesity-related infertility and in vitro fertilization outcomes.

    Tan, Orkun / Carr, Bruce R

    Seminars in reproductive medicine

    2012  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 517–528

    Abstract: Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and ... ...

    Abstract Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and preventing certain maternal and fetal complications in these women. This article summarizes the current evidence regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on obesity-related infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. We have also attempted to draw conclusions about maternal and fetal risks and the benefits of bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y procedures are the two most commonly performed bariatric surgeries. Bariatric surgery was believed to improve menstrual irregularity and increase ovulation rate in anovulatory obese women, which lead to increased pregnancy rates. Although there are data in the literature suggesting the improvement of both the ovulatory function and the spontaneous pregnancy rates in obese women who lost weight after bariatric surgery, most of these are case-control studies with a small number of patients. The data are insufficient to determine an ideal time interval for pregnancy after bariatric surgery; however, the general consensus is that pregnancy should be delayed 12 to 18 months after bariatric surgery to avoid nutritional deficiencies. Few data exist regarding IVF success rates in women who have undergone bariatric surgery. One pairwise study discussed five patients who underwent bariatric surgery followed by IVF that resulted in three term pregnancies in three patients after the first IVF cycle. Many studies reported reductions in obesity-related pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders after bariatric surgery. Although data are inconsistent, some studies reported increased rate of preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants after bariatric surgery. Pregnancies after bariatric surgery may be considered high risk due to the concerns for vitamin deficiencies and gastrointestinal symptoms related to the surgery. Therefore the follow-up of these pregnancies might require a team approach including a maternal fetal medicine specialist, bariatric surgeon, and nutritionist.
    MeSH term(s) Bariatric Surgery/classification ; Bariatric Surgery/rehabilitation ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; Humans ; Infertility/etiology ; Infertility/surgery ; Infertility/therapy ; Male ; Menstrual Cycle/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Obesity/surgery ; Ovary/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2042479-6
    ISSN 1526-4564 ; 1526-8004
    ISSN (online) 1526-4564
    ISSN 1526-8004
    DOI 10.1055/s-0032-1328880
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists.

    Tan, Orkun / Bukulmez, Orhan

    Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology

    2011  Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 238–244

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors are not only detected in the central nervous system but also in tissues such as ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal system, placenta and malignant tumors of ovary and breast. ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors are not only detected in the central nervous system but also in tissues such as ovary, endometrium, breast, gastrointestinal system, placenta and malignant tumors of ovary and breast. The direct role of GnRH-antagonists in ovarian function, implantation, cancer pathogenesis and treatment is under extensive investigation. This study reviews the biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology of GnRH-antagonists as well as GnRH types and their receptors.
    Recent findings: The best clinical evidence with GnRH-antagonists has accumulated in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols for prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surge (cetrorelix, ganirelix) and in the treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer (abarelix and degarelix). GnRH-GnRH receptor pathways may have a role in the embryo implantation. The controversy still exists whether GnRH antagonist protocols result in slightly decreased clinical pregnancy rates compared with the GnRH agonist protocols. GnRH-antagonists could be used in the near future to treat some cancer types that express GnRH receptors.
    Summary: GnRH-antagonists have various clinical applications in gynecology, reproductive medicine, urology and oncology. The emergence of well tolerated, orally active GnRH-antagonists may provide an alternative to long-term injections and is likely to have a major impact on the utility of GnRH analogues in the treatment of human diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology ; Hormone Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Ovulation Induction ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Receptors, LHRH/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology
    Chemical Substances Hormone Antagonists ; Receptors, LHRH ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (33515-09-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049382-7
    ISSN 1473-656X ; 1040-872X
    ISSN (online) 1473-656X
    ISSN 1040-872X
    DOI 10.1097/GCO.0b013e328348a3ce
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Using the oocyte donation model to identify early trophoblast pregnenolone production.

    Licciardi, Frederick / Tan, Orkun / Oh, Cheongeun

    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics

    2013  Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 699–702

    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate production of progesterone's precursor, pregnenolone, in the early oocyte donation pregnancy.: Methods: Pregnenolone and progesterone were measured on luteal days 21, 28, 35, 60 and 80. Progesterone was measured via the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate production of progesterone's precursor, pregnenolone, in the early oocyte donation pregnancy.
    Methods: Pregnenolone and progesterone were measured on luteal days 21, 28, 35, 60 and 80. Progesterone was measured via the Immulite system, pregnenolone by liquid chromatography separation with tandem mass spectrometric detection.
    Results: Progesterone rose significantly from days 35 today 60. Pregnenolone likewise rose significantly from days 35-60, but at a much higher rate, with an increase of 57% by day 60, 75% to day 80. The increase in pregnenolone was statistically more significant than the increase in progesterone (p < .05).
    Conclusions: This is the first report describing that progesterone's precursor, pregnenolone, increases with time in the very early pregnancy. Because no corpus luteum is present in oocyte recipients, the main source of pregnenolone is the early placenta. Measurements of pregnenolone may provide information concerning early trophoblast function and may represent a method of assessing placental competency.
    MeSH term(s) Early Diagnosis ; Embryo Transfer/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Luteal Phase/blood ; Luteal Phase/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oocyte Donation/methods ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests/methods ; Pregnenolone/blood ; Pregnenolone/metabolism ; Progesterone/blood ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trophoblasts/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Pregnenolone (73R90F7MQ8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1112577-9
    ISSN 1573-7330 ; 1058-0468
    ISSN (online) 1573-7330
    ISSN 1058-0468
    DOI 10.1007/s10815-013-9986-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Management of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women: an up-to-date review.

    Tan, Orkun / Bradshaw, Karen / Carr, Bruce R

    Menopause (New York, N.Y.)

    2012  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 109–117

    Abstract: Objective: Menopause and its transition represent significant risk factors for the development of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction. The objective of this study was to review the hormonal and nonhormonal therapies available for ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Menopause and its transition represent significant risk factors for the development of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction. The objective of this study was to review the hormonal and nonhormonal therapies available for postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction, focusing on practical recommendations through a literature review of the most relevant publications in this field.
    Methods: This study is a literature review.
    Results: Available vaginal estrogen preparations are conjugated equine estrogens, estradiol vaginal cream, a sustained-release intravaginal estradiol ring, or a low-dose estradiol tablet. Vaginal estrogen preparations with the lowest systemic absorption rate may be preferred in women with history of breast cancer and severe vaginal atrophy. Vaginal lubricants and moisturizers applied on a regular basis have an efficacy comparable with that of local estrogen therapy and should be offered to women wishing to avoid the use of vaginal estrogens.
    Conclusions: Oral, transdermal, or vaginal estrogen preparations are the most effective treatment options for vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction. Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as lasofoxifene and ospemifene showed a positive impact on vaginal tissue in postmenopausal women. Vaginal dehydroepiandrostenedione, vaginal testosterone, and tissue selective estrogen complexes are also emerging as promising new therapies; however, further studies are warranted to confirm their efficacy and safety.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intravaginal ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrophy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Complementary Therapies ; Dehydroepiandrosterone/therapeutic use ; Estrogens/administration & dosage ; Estrogens/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lubricants/administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/administration & dosage ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/drug therapy ; Vagina/pathology ; Vulva/pathology
    Chemical Substances Estrogens ; Lubricants ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Dehydroepiandrosterone (459AG36T1B)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1205262-0
    ISSN 1530-0374 ; 1072-3714
    ISSN (online) 1530-0374
    ISSN 1072-3714
    DOI 10.1097/gme.0b013e31821f92df
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The extrapituitary effects of GnRH antagonists and their potential clinical implications: a narrated review.

    Tan, Orkun / Carr, Bruce R / Beshay, Victor E / Bukulmez, Orhan

    Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)

    2013  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–25

    Abstract: Potential roles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists on GnRH/GnRH receptor systems and their effects on the extrapituitary tissues are largely elusive. In this narrated review, we summarized the systemic effects of GnRH antagonists on ... ...

    Abstract Potential roles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists on GnRH/GnRH receptor systems and their effects on the extrapituitary tissues are largely elusive. In this narrated review, we summarized the systemic effects of GnRH antagonists on ovary, endometrium, embryo implantation, placental development, fetal teratogenicity, reproductive tissue cancer cells, and heart while briefly reviewing the GnRH and GnRH receptor system. GnRH antagonists may have direct effects on ovarian granulosa cells. Data are conflicting regarding their effects on endometrial receptivity. The GnRH antagonists may potentially have detrimental effect on early placentation by decreasing the invasive ability of cytotrophoblasts if the exposure to them occurs during early pregnancy. The GnRH antagonists were not found to increase the rates of congenital malformations. Comparative clinical data are required to explore their systemic effects on various extrapituitary tissues such as on cardiac function in the long term as well as their potential use in other human cancers that express GnRH receptors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use ; Embryo Implantation/drug effects ; Embryo Implantation/physiology ; Female ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology ; Hormone Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ovary/drug effects ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate/trends ; Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, LHRH/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Urogenital Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Urogenital Neoplasms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; Hormone Antagonists ; Receptors, LHRH
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2276411-2
    ISSN 1933-7205 ; 1933-7191
    ISSN (online) 1933-7205
    ISSN 1933-7191
    DOI 10.1177/1933719112459244
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Obesity-Related Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes

    Tan, Orkun / Carr, Bruce R.

    Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

    (Supersize Me: Reproductive Health Problems and Obesity)

    2012  Volume 30, Issue 06, Page(s) 517–528

    Abstract: Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and ... ...

    Series title Supersize Me: Reproductive Health Problems and Obesity
    Abstract Obesity-related infertility is one of the most common problems of reproductive-age obese women who desire childbearing. The various types of bariatric surgeries have proved effective in controlling excessive weight gain, improving fertility, and preventing certain maternal and fetal complications in these women. This article summarizes the current evidence regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on obesity-related infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. We have also attempted to draw conclusions about maternal and fetal risks and the benefits of bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and Roux-en-Y procedures are the two most commonly performed bariatric surgeries. Bariatric surgery was believed to improve menstrual irregularity and increase ovulation rate in anovulatory obese women, which lead to increased pregnancy rates. Although there are data in the literature suggesting the improvement of both the ovulatory function and the spontaneous pregnancy rates in obese women who lost weight after bariatric surgery, most of these are case-control studies with a small number of patients. The data are insufficient to determine an ideal time interval for pregnancy after bariatric surgery; however, the general consensus is that pregnancy should be delayed 12 to 18 months after bariatric surgery to avoid nutritional deficiencies. Few data exist regarding IVF success rates in women who have undergone bariatric surgery. One pairwise study discussed five patients who underwent bariatric surgery followed by IVF that resulted in three term pregnancies in three patients after the first IVF cycle. Many studies reported reductions in obesity-related pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders after bariatric surgery. Although data are inconsistent, some studies reported increased rate of preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants after bariatric surgery. Pregnancies after bariatric surgery may be considered high risk due to the concerns for vitamin deficiencies and gastrointestinal symptoms related to the surgery. Therefore the follow-up of these pregnancies might require a team approach including a maternal fetal medicine specialist, bariatric surgeon, and nutritionist.
    Keywords obesity ; bariatric surgery ; in vitro fertilization ; pregnancy ; obstetrical outcomes ; neonatal outcomes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-10-16
    Publisher Thieme Medical Publishers
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2042479-6
    ISSN 1526-4564 ; 1526-8004
    ISSN (online) 1526-4564
    ISSN 1526-8004
    DOI 10.1055/s-0032-1328880
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  9. Article ; Online: Predictive value of postwashed total progressively motile sperm count using CASA estimates in 6871 non-donor intrauterine insemination cycles.

    Tan, Orkun / Ha, Thoa / Carr, Bruce R / Nakonezny, Paul / Doody, Kathleen M / Doody, Kevin J

    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics

    2014  Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 1147–1153

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine whether postwashed total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC) obtained by CASA estimates could predict positive pregnancy test result in non-donor IUI cycles.: Methods: Six thousand eight hundred and seventy one (6,871) IUI ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine whether postwashed total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC) obtained by CASA estimates could predict positive pregnancy test result in non-donor IUI cycles.
    Methods: Six thousand eight hundred and seventy one (6,871) IUI cycles with non-donor semen were retrospectively analyzed. Patient, cycle characteristics and prewashed and postwashed semen parameters were included in analysis. The main outcome measure was the positive pregnancy test result.
    Results: The pregnancy rate per cycle (PR/cycle) when postwashed TPMSC is between 0-0.5 million, 0.51-1 million, 1.01-5 million, 5.01-10 million and greater than 10 million were 8.1% (42/520), 14.4 % (41/285), 16.1% (237/1,469), 18.4% (193/1,046) and 18.8% (668/3,551) respectively. The predicted odd of positive pregnancy result is statistically significantly higher when TPMSC is >0.51 million compared to the TPMSC of <0.51 million (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.04-2.71). The predicted odd of positive pregnancy result is greatest when TPMSC is at least 5 million (OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.9).
    Conclusion: TPMSC is an independent predictor of pregnancy test result and TPMSC of half million or greater is adequate to achieve statistically similar pregnancy test results after non-donor IUI cycles.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial/methods ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1112577-9
    ISSN 1573-7330 ; 1058-0468
    ISSN (online) 1573-7330
    ISSN 1058-0468
    DOI 10.1007/s10815-014-0306-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: What can we learn from design faults in the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trial?

    Tan, Orkun / Harman, S Mitchell / Naftolin, Frederick

    Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases

    2009  Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 226–229

    Abstract: Design faults resulted in the inability of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial to test the level of cardioprotection conferred by timely hormone treatment of women seeking help for menopausal complaints. Adopting a design ... ...

    Abstract Design faults resulted in the inability of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized clinical trial to test the level of cardioprotection conferred by timely hormone treatment of women seeking help for menopausal complaints. Adopting a design constructed around the avoidance of symptomatic subjects and recruitment of older subjects who were more likely to manifest cardiovascular events during the life of the WHI resulted in recruitment of older, sicker subjects than are normally treated for complaints around the time of menopause. The lack of cardioprotection in subjects that began treatment a decade or more after menopause diluted cardioprotection in subjects starting treatment close to the menopausal transition. As a result, despite having the largest number of subjects ever, there were not enough women in the WHI who were comparable to those in the observational trials that showed cardioprotection. This led the WHI to report that there was no cardioprotection in the trial, a position that has been qualified after further analysis. Misapprehension of the initial WHI conclusions by the media, professionals, and regulatory agencies led to a major shift away from menopausal hormone treatment. This remains problematic since the evidence continues to favor cardioprotection and other benefits that are denied under present regulations and guidelines. Regulatory agencies and professional organizations need to better understand the faws in the WHI design and results in order to properly consider its results and the sustainability of their earlier conclusions and recommendations. Additionally, new trials are needed to test the validity of menopausal hormone-related cardioprotection.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Comprehension ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Primary Prevention ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Sample Size ; Selection Bias ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Women's Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390411-8
    ISSN 2328-5273 ; 1936-9727 ; 1936-9719 ; 0018-5647 ; 0883-9344 ; 2328-4633
    ISSN (online) 2328-5273 ; 1936-9727
    ISSN 1936-9719 ; 0018-5647 ; 0883-9344 ; 2328-4633
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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