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  1. Article ; Online: It takes a village: Neurons partner with vascular pericytes to make memories.

    Maren, Stephen

    Neuron

    2023  Volume 111, Issue 23, Page(s) 3701–3702

    Abstract: Neurons have a central role in memory formation, but emerging work points to the critical role that non-neuronal cells play in this process. In this issue of Neuron, Pandey and ... ...

    Abstract Neurons have a central role in memory formation, but emerging work points to the critical role that non-neuronal cells play in this process. In this issue of Neuron, Pandey and colleagues
    MeSH term(s) Pericytes/metabolism ; Hippocampus ; Memory, Long-Term ; Neurons/physiology ; Memory Consolidation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.036
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2496: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Unrelenting Fear Under Stress: Neural Circuits and Mechanisms for the Immediate Extinction Deficit.

    Maren, Stephen

    Frontiers in systems neuroscience

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 888461

    Abstract: Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli are no longer associated with aversive outcomes is central to the ... ...

    Abstract Therapeutic interventions for disorders of fear and anxiety rely on behavioral approaches that reduce pathological fear memories. For example, learning that threat-predictive stimuli are no longer associated with aversive outcomes is central to the extinction of conditioned fear responses. Unfortunately, fear memories are durable, long-lasting, and resistant to extinction, particularly under high levels of stress. This is illustrated by the "immediate extinction deficit," which is characterized by a poor long-term reduction of conditioned fear when extinction procedures are attempted within hours of fear conditioning. Here, I will review recent work that has provided new insight into the neural mechanisms underlying resistance to fear extinction. Emerging studies reveal that locus coeruleus norepinephrine modulates amygdala-prefrontal cortical circuits that are critical for extinction learning. These data suggest that stress-induced activation of brain neuromodulatory systems biases fear memory at the expense of extinction learning. Behavioral and pharmacological strategies to reduce stress in patients undergoing exposure therapy might improve therapeutic outcomes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2453005-0
    ISSN 1662-5137
    ISSN 1662-5137
    DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2022.888461
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  3. Article: Neural Oscillations in Aversively Motivated Behavior.

    Totty, Michael S / Maren, Stephen

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 936036

    Abstract: Fear and anxiety-based disorders are highly debilitating and among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. These disorders are associated with abnormal network oscillations in the brain, yet a comprehensive understanding of the role of network ... ...

    Abstract Fear and anxiety-based disorders are highly debilitating and among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. These disorders are associated with abnormal network oscillations in the brain, yet a comprehensive understanding of the role of network oscillations in the regulation of aversively motivated behavior is lacking. In this review, we examine the oscillatory correlates of fear and anxiety with a particular focus on rhythms in the theta and gamma-range. First, we describe neural oscillations and their link to neural function by detailing the role of well-studied theta and gamma rhythms to spatial and memory functions of the hippocampus. We then describe how theta and gamma oscillations act to synchronize brain structures to guide adaptive fear and anxiety-like behavior. In short, that hippocampal network oscillations act to integrate spatial information with motivationally salient information from the amygdala during states of anxiety before routing this information
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.936036
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  4. Article ; Online: Synapse-Specific Encoding of Fear Memory in the Amygdala.

    Maren, Stephen

    Neuron

    2017  Volume 95, Issue 5, Page(s) 988–990

    Abstract: Input specificity is a fundamental property of long-term potentiation (LTP), but it is not known if learning is mediated by synapse-specific plasticity. Kim and Cho (2017) now show that fear conditioning is mediated by synapse-specific LTP in the ... ...

    Abstract Input specificity is a fundamental property of long-term potentiation (LTP), but it is not known if learning is mediated by synapse-specific plasticity. Kim and Cho (2017) now show that fear conditioning is mediated by synapse-specific LTP in the amygdala, allowing animals to discriminate stimuli that predict threat from those that do not.
    MeSH term(s) Amygdala ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Fear ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Memory ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.08.020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2496: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 92: Show issues

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  5. Article: Ventral hippocampus mediates inter-trial responding in signaled active avoidance.

    Oleksiak, Cecily R / Plas, Samantha L / Carriaga, Denise / Vasudevan, Krithika / Maren, Stephen / Moscarello, Justin M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The hippocampus has a central role in regulating contextual processes in memory. We have shown that pharmacological inactivation of ventral hippocampus (VH) attenuates the context-dependence of signaled active avoidance (SAA) in rats. Here, we explore ... ...

    Abstract The hippocampus has a central role in regulating contextual processes in memory. We have shown that pharmacological inactivation of ventral hippocampus (VH) attenuates the context-dependence of signaled active avoidance (SAA) in rats. Here, we explore whether the VH mediates intertrial responses (ITRs), which are putative unreinforced avoidance responses that occur between trials. First, we examined whether VH inactivation would affect ITRs. Male rats underwent SAA training and subsequently received intra-VH infusions of saline or muscimol before retrieval tests in the training context. Rats that received muscimol performed significantly fewer ITRs, but equivalent avoidance responses, compared to controls. Next, we asked whether chemogenetic VH activation would increase ITR vigor. In male and female rats expressing excitatory (hM3Dq) DREADDs, systemic CNO administration produced a robust ITR increase that was not due to nonspecific locomotor effects. Then, we examined whether chemogenetic VH activation potentiated ITRs in an alternate (non-training) test context and found it did. Finally, to determine if context-US associations mediate ITRs, we exposed rats to the training context for three days after SAA training to extinguish the context. Rats submitted to context extinction did not show a reliable decrease in ITRs during a retrieval test, suggesting that context-US associations are not responsible for ITRs. Collectively, these results reveal an important role for the VH in context-dependent ITRs during SAA. Further work is required to explore the neural circuits and associative basis for these responses, which may be underlie pathological avoidance that occurs in humans after threat has passed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.18.585627
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Parsing Reward and Aversion in the Amygdala.

    Maren, Stephen

    Neuron

    2016  Volume 90, Issue 2, Page(s) 209–211

    Abstract: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for encoding the value of stimuli. Beyeler et al. (2016) now show that distinct populations of BLA neurons, which are defined by their efferent targets, code reward and aversion. This arrangement promotes ... ...

    Abstract The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for encoding the value of stimuli. Beyeler et al. (2016) now show that distinct populations of BLA neurons, which are defined by their efferent targets, code reward and aversion. This arrangement promotes parallel processing of biologically relevant events.
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Amygdala ; Humans ; Neurons ; Reward
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 808167-0
    ISSN 1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
    ISSN (online) 1097-4199
    ISSN 0896-6273
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2496: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 92: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Sex differences in the immediate extinction deficit and renewal of extinguished fear in rats.

    Binette, Annalise N / Totty, Michael S / Maren, Stephen

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) e0264797

    Abstract: Extinction learning is central to exposure-based behavioral therapies for reducing fear and anxiety in humans. However, patients with fear and anxiety disorders are often resistant to extinction. Moreover, trauma and stress-related disorders are highly ... ...

    Abstract Extinction learning is central to exposure-based behavioral therapies for reducing fear and anxiety in humans. However, patients with fear and anxiety disorders are often resistant to extinction. Moreover, trauma and stress-related disorders are highly prone to relapse and are twice as likely to occur in females compared to males, suggesting that females may be more susceptible to extinction deficits and fear relapse phenomena. In this report, we tested this hypothesis by examining sex differences in a stress-induced extinction learning impairment, the immediate extinction deficit (IED), and renewal, a common form of fear relapse. In contrast to our hypothesis, there were no sex differences in the magnitude of the immediate extinction deficit in two different rat strains (Long-Evans and Wistar). However, we did observe a sex difference in the renewal of fear when the extinguished conditioned stimulus was presented outside the extinction context. Male Wistar rats exhibited significantly greater renewal than female rats, a sex difference that has previously been reported after appetitive extinction. Collectively, these data reveal that stress-induced extinction impairments are similar in male and female rats, though the context-dependence of extinction is more pronounced in males.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Rats, Wistar ; Recurrence ; Sex Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0264797
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  8. Article: Pharmacological stimulation of infralimbic cortex after fear conditioning facilitates subsequent fear extinction.

    Bayer, Hugo / Hassell, James E / Oleksiak, Cecily R / Garcia, Gabriela M / Vaughan, Hollis L / Juliano, Vitor A L / Maren, Stephen

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The infralimbic (IL) division of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial site for extinction of conditioned fear memories in rodents. Recent work suggests that neuronal plasticity in the IL that occurs during (or soon after) fear conditioning ... ...

    Abstract The infralimbic (IL) division of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a crucial site for extinction of conditioned fear memories in rodents. Recent work suggests that neuronal plasticity in the IL that occurs during (or soon after) fear conditioning enables subsequent IL-dependent extinction learning. We therefore hypothesized that pharmacological activation of the IL after fear conditioning would promote the extinction of conditioned fear. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the effects of post-conditioning infusions of the GABA
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.03.23.586410
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  9. Article: Neural circuits for the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memory.

    Plas, Samantha L / Tuna, Tuğçe / Bayer, Hugo / Juliano, Vitor A L / Sweck, Samantha O / Arellano Perez, Angel D / Hassell, James E / Maren, Stephen

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2024  Volume 18, Page(s) 1352797

    Abstract: The regulation of fear memories is critical for adaptive behaviors and dysregulation of these processes is implicated in trauma- and stress-related disorders. Treatments for these disorders include pharmacological interventions as well as exposure-based ... ...

    Abstract The regulation of fear memories is critical for adaptive behaviors and dysregulation of these processes is implicated in trauma- and stress-related disorders. Treatments for these disorders include pharmacological interventions as well as exposure-based therapies, which rely upon extinction learning. Considerable attention has been directed toward elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying fear and extinction learning. In this review, we will discuss historic discoveries and emerging evidence on the neural mechanisms of the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memories. We will focus on neural circuits regulating the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rodent models, particularly the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the contextual control of extinguished fear memories. We will also consider new work revealing an important role for the thalamic nucleus reuniens in the modulation of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions in extinction learning and memory. Finally, we will explore the effects of stress on this circuit and the clinical implications of these findings.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1352797
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  10. Article ; Online: Thalamic nucleus reuniens coordinates prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony to suppress extinguished fear.

    Totty, Michael S / Tuna, Tuğçe / Ramanathan, Karthik R / Jin, Jingji / Peters, Shaun E / Maren, Stephen

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6565

    Abstract: Traumatic events result in vivid and enduring fear memories. Suppressing the retrieval of these memories is central to behavioral therapies for pathological fear. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC) have been implicated in retrieval ...

    Abstract Traumatic events result in vivid and enduring fear memories. Suppressing the retrieval of these memories is central to behavioral therapies for pathological fear. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HPC) have been implicated in retrieval suppression, but how mPFC-HPC activity is coordinated during extinction retrieval is unclear. Here we show that after extinction training, coherent theta oscillations (6-9 Hz) in the HPC and mPFC are correlated with the suppression of conditioned freezing in male and female rats. Inactivation of the nucleus reuniens (RE), a thalamic hub interconnecting the mPFC and HPC, reduces extinction-related Fos expression in both the mPFC and HPC, dampens mPFC-HPC theta coherence, and impairs extinction retrieval. Conversely, theta-paced optogenetic stimulation of RE augments fear suppression and reduces relapse of extinguished fear. Collectively, these results demonstrate a role for RE in coordinating mPFC-HPC interactions to suppress fear memories after extinction.
    MeSH term(s) Rats ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Midline Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Fear/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Extinction, Psychological/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-023-42315-1
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