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Article ; Online: Beyond drowning: Characteristics, trends, the impact of exposure on unintentional non-drowning coastal fatalities between 2012 and 22.

Kelly, Sean / Daw, Shane / Lawes, Jasmin C

Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

2024 , Page(s) 100113

Abstract: Objectives: Drowning has been the focus of coastal safety, but a notable proportion of coastal mortality is due to other causes of death. This study describes that burden and quantifies the impact of exposure on Australian unintentional coastal ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Drowning has been the focus of coastal safety, but a notable proportion of coastal mortality is due to other causes of death. This study describes that burden and quantifies the impact of exposure on Australian unintentional coastal fatalities not due to drowning. Methods: Analyses of Australian non-drowning coastal fatalities (NDCF) between July 2012 and June 2022 were conducted. Population and exposure-based rates were calculated for Australians 16+ years and compared to all-cause mortality rates. Time series analysis was performed using Joinpoint regression. Results: 616 NDCFs were recorded (0.27/100,000 pop.), with a decreasing average annual percent change of -5.1% (95% CI:-9.5 to -0.4). Cardiac conditions were the primary causal factor, involved in 52% of deaths. Higher fatality rates were seen among men and for incidents occurring in rural and remote areas. Fatality rates were disproportionately high among young adults when compared to all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Men, young adults, and those living in/visiting regional and remote areas represent high-risk populations. Proximity to emergency services and extended response times represent major determinants of NDCF. Implications for public health: Due to the high prevalence of NDCF, coastal safety practitioners should expand their attention beyond drowning to consider the broader range of coastal hazards and fatality types.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1323548-5
ISSN	1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
ISSN (online)	1753-6405
ISSN	1326-0200
DOI	10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100113
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Article ; Online: Coastal mortality burden on school holidays 2004-2021: an Australian perspective.

Strasiotto, Luke / Ellis, Annabel / Daw, Shane / Lawes, Jasmin C

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention

2024

Abstract: Introduction: School holidays are a known period of increased risk of paediatric drowning. However, the risk of coastal death for all age groups is unknown.: Methods: This case-control study aimed to identify high-risk demographics and behaviours ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: School holidays are a known period of increased risk of paediatric drowning. However, the risk of coastal death for all age groups is unknown. Methods: This case-control study aimed to identify high-risk demographics and behaviours relating to coastal deaths during the school holidays. We address this knowledge gap by comparing unintentional coastal deaths (drowning deaths and other coastal fatalities) in Australia between 1 July 2004-30 June 2021 to a survey sample representative of the Australian population. Results: School holidays increased the risk of coastal death increased overall by 1.39 times (95% CI 1.32 to 146, p=0.00019). This increased risk differed across activities, behaviours and demographics. Few between-group differences were detected, indicating that school holidays pose an increased risk to the wider Australian population on the coast, regardless of demographics and practices. Increased school holiday mortality risk was identified broadly across groups, but notably for young adults (risk ratio, RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.53, p<0.001), when attempting a rescue (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.39, p=0.0002), scuba diving (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.23, p<0.0001) and swimming/wading (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.89, p<0.0001). Children did not have a significantly increased risk of death (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.87, p=0.054). Conclusion: These results highlight that while school holiday risk research regarding drowning has focused on the safety of children, these time periods also pose significant safety concerns to the rest of the population for both drowning deaths and other fatalities. Overall, the research highlights ongoing need for public education for all carers of children, as well as continuing to extend risk education to the broader community. Mitigation strategies, that is, advocacy for extending life-saving service and engaging with accommodation providers during school holidays are proposed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1433667-4
ISSN	1475-5785 ; 1353-8047
ISSN (online)	1475-5785
ISSN	1353-8047
DOI	10.1136/ip-2023-045064
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Mortality trends and the impact of exposure on Australian coastal drowning deaths, 2004-2021" [Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 47 (2023) 100034].

Koon, William A / Peden, Amy E / Lawes, Jasmin C / Brander, Robert W

Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

2023 Volume 47, Issue 6, Page(s) 100125

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1323548-5
ISSN	1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
ISSN (online)	1753-6405
ISSN	1326-0200
DOI	10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100125
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Article ; Online: Driving an agenda for preventing drowning in the Western Pacific region.

Lawes, Jasmin C / Koshiba, Candace / Ishikawa, Toshinori / Ye, Pengpeng / Rospel, Wilbert / Peden, Amy E

The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific

2023 Volume 37, Page(s) 100868

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-6065
ISSN (online)	2666-6065
DOI	10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100868
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Article ; Online: Mortality trends and the impact of exposure on Australian coastal drowning deaths, 2004-2021.

Koon, William A / Peden, Amy E / Lawes, Jasmin C / Brander, Robert W

Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

2023 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 100034

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to characterise Australian coastal drowning trends and evaluate impact of exposure on drowning risk.: Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of unintentional fatal drowning occurring July 2004-June 2021 at ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study is to characterise Australian coastal drowning trends and evaluate impact of exposure on drowning risk. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of unintentional fatal drowning occurring July 2004-June 2021 at Australian coastal sites (beaches, rock platforms, bays, harbours, offshore locations etc.). Total population, exposed-person and exposed-person-time rates per 100,000 population were calculated by age, sex, socio-economic status, remoteness category and pre-submersion activity. Annual trends were assessed using joinpoint regression. Exposure-based rates used estimates from Surf Life Saving Australia's National Coastal Safety Survey. Results: The cumulative unintentional coastal fatal drowning rate was 0.43 per 100,000 Australian residents (95%CI: 0.41-0.45) and did not change throughout the study period (p=0.289). The exposed-person rate was 0.67 per 100,000 coastal visitors (95%CI: 0.62-0.72), and there were 0.55 coastal drowning deaths per 10 million coastal visitor hours (95%CI: 0.51-0.59). Men, older people and residents of lower socio-economic and remote areas had higher drowning rates; rock fishing and scuba diving had the highest activity exposure-based rates. Conclusions: Education- and policy-based coastal safety interventions should focus on identified risk factors to reduce annual coastal drowning rates. Implications for public health: Exposure-based risk measurements are important for developing and prioritising interventions; assessments based on counts or total population measures alone may misinform prevention efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Australia/epidemiology ; Drowning ; Risk Factors ; Educational Status ; Incidence
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1323548-5
ISSN	1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
ISSN (online)	1753-6405
ISSN	1326-0200
DOI	10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100034
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Article ; Online: Public holiday and long weekend mortality risk in Australia: A behaviour and usage risk analysis for coastal drowning and other fatalities.

Strasiotto, Luke / Ellis, Annabel / Daw, Shane / Lawes, Jasmin C

Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

2023 Volume 47, Issue 3, Page(s) 100054

Abstract: Objective: This article aims to determine the impact of public holidays and long weekends on the risk of drowning and non-drowning deaths on the Australian coast.: Methods: A retrospective case-control study using relative risk ratios and Z-scores to ...

Abstract	Objective: This article aims to determine the impact of public holidays and long weekends on the risk of drowning and non-drowning deaths on the Australian coast. Methods: A retrospective case-control study using relative risk ratios and Z-scores to compare all unintentional fatalities on the Australian coast between 2004 and 2021 to a longitudinal representative survey sample of the Australian public and their coastal usage. Results: Overall, the coastal mortality risk increased by 2.03 times for public holidays (95%CI = 1.77-2.33, p<0.0001) and 2.14 times by long weekends (95%CI = 1.85-2.48, p<0.0001). Children <16 years had the highest increased risk of death on public holidays (RR = 3.53, 95%CI = 1.98-6.31, p = 0.0005) and long weekends (RR = 2.90, 95%CI = 1.43-5.89, p = 0.011), while residents who were born overseas had a higher risk of death compared to those born in Australia. For public holidays, the greatest increase in risk was for swimming/wading and bystander rescues, while for long weekends, it was for scuba diving and snorkelling. Conclusions: Public holidays and long weekends increase the risk of both drowning and non-drowning deaths on the Australian coast, which differed by demographics and activities. Implications for public health: These results highlight periods of risk when targeted coastal safety messaging to high-risk demographics (particularly children and overseas-born residents), and provision of surf lifesaving resources can be increased.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Holidays ; Case-Control Studies ; Australia/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Drowning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1323548-5
ISSN	1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
ISSN (online)	1753-6405
ISSN	1326-0200
DOI	10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100054
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Article ; Online: Preliminary evaluation of the impact of mandatory life jacket laws at declared high-risk rock platforms on unintentional rock fishing drowning deaths.

Peden, Amy E / Daw, Shane / Lawes, Jasmin C

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention

2022 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 560–563

Abstract: Objectives: To explore the impact of mandatory lifejacket wear legislation on unintentional rock fishing-related drowning fatalities at declared high-risk rock platforms in New South Wales (NSW; Australia).: Methods: Rock fishing-related drownings ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To explore the impact of mandatory lifejacket wear legislation on unintentional rock fishing-related drowning fatalities at declared high-risk rock platforms in New South Wales (NSW; Australia). Methods: Rock fishing-related drownings for the five years pre-legislation enactment (23 November 2011 to 22 November 2016) and five years post-legislation enactment (23 November 2016 to 22 November 2021) were compared. Google Earth was used to assess if drowning deaths occurred at declared areas under legislation. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse change in the number of deaths in declared areas pre-legislation/post-legislation. Results: Over the 10 years, 80 rock fishing drowning deaths occurred in New South Wales; 23 in declared areas pre-legislation and 13 post-legislation (-43.5%). The odds of a rock fishing drowning death occurring in a declared area pre-legislation was 2.3 times higher (95% CI 0.942 to 5.752; p=0.067). Conclusion: Reductions in rock fishing deaths at declared areas were observed since the legislation's introduction, but were not significant. Greater enforcement and extension to other high-risk platforms may reduce deaths further.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drowning/prevention & control ; Hunting ; Australia ; Logistic Models ; New South Wales/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1433667-4
ISSN	1475-5785 ; 1353-8047
ISSN (online)	1475-5785
ISSN	1353-8047
DOI	10.1136/ip-2022-044724
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Article: Habitat use over winter by short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) at an intermittently flowing creek in arid north-western New South Wales

Lawes, Jasmin C. / Croft, David B.

Australian mammalogy. 2022, v. 44, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The heterogeneity of resource distribution in arid environments plays an important role in habitat selection by consumers. The productivity of the riparian zones of intermittently flowing creeks is typically prolonged, relative to the hinterland, as ... ...

Abstract	The heterogeneity of resource distribution in arid environments plays an important role in habitat selection by consumers. The productivity of the riparian zones of intermittently flowing creeks is typically prolonged, relative to the hinterland, as moisture and nutrients concentrate there. Short-beaked echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus, sustain arid populations, attributed to ant and termite availability, low predation, and an ability to exploit habitat remnants. However, the scale of their movements in arid habitats is poorly understood. Thus, we investigated echidna home ranges and the importance of food and shelter availability in habitat selection over one winter. We focussed on the riparian zone of a creek at Mount Wood in Sturt National Park, north-western New South Wales, Australia. Radio tracking (VHF and GPS), scat and habitat selection analyses were conducted. Mean core and peripheral home range areas were 0.16 and 1.042 km2, respectively, with a mean home range overlap of 0.56 km2. Habitat selection differed between juveniles and adults and may have been driven by prey availability (predominantly ants). The preferred shelter was thick leaf litter. We concluded that habitat selection patterns were driven by prey availability (ants) and shelter (leaf litter).
Keywords	Isoptera ; Tachyglossidae ; feces ; habitats ; hinterland ; home range ; leaf thickness ; mammalogy ; national parks ; plant litter ; predation ; radio ; riparian areas ; streams ; winter ; wood
Language	English
Size	p. 87-97.
Publishing place	CSIRO Publishing
Document type	Article
ISSN	0310-0049
DOI	10.1071/AM20066
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: 'I actually thought that I was going to die': Lessons on the rip current hazard from survivor experiences.

Cornell, Samuel / Brander, Robert W / Roberts, Amelia / Koon, William / Peden, Amy E / Lawes, Jasmin C

Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals

2023 Volume 35, Issue 2, Page(s) 551–564

Abstract: Background: Rip currents are strong, narrow, fast-flowing currents of water that occur on many beaches and in Australia contributing to 26 drowning deaths and several thousand lifeguard/lifesaver rescues each year. Educating the public about the rip ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rip currents are strong, narrow, fast-flowing currents of water that occur on many beaches and in Australia contributing to 26 drowning deaths and several thousand lifeguard/lifesaver rescues each year. Educating the public about the rip current hazard is a primary focus of beach safety practitioners, but there has been a lack of qualitative research exploring the firsthand experiences of being caught in a rip current to assist in this regard. The aim of this study was to analyse interviews of rip current survivors to understand more about how people react when unintentionally caught in a rip current in order to help guide future public education to mitigate rip current drowning. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 56 individuals (primarily Australian-born) about their experience of being caught in a rip current. Interviewees were recruited via an online survey and varied in age and self-reported swimming ability. Results: Thematic analysis revealed three key temporal elements to the rip current experience: Before the Rip in which lack of awareness and knowledge, complacency, over-confidence, and attitude were prevalent themes; During the Rip which identified panic and temporary inhibition of decision-making, physical response, prior experience, and relationships with other beach users as themes; and After the Rip where post-rip effects and rip safety messaging and education were key themes. The importance of experiential immersion was a prevalent thread throughout all phases of the thematic analysis. Discussion: Our research shows that being caught in a rip current can be an intense and traumatic experience and that lessons learned from survivors have significant implications for improving existing and future rip current education efforts. In this regard, we provide several recommendations based on evidence-based insights gained from our interviews including the development of immersive rip current experience using virtual reality. So what: Despite the prevalence of rip currents causing drowning deaths and rescues, there has been a lack of qualitative research on firsthand experiences to aid in public education. These interviews emphasise the intense and traumatic nature of being caught in a rip current, underscoring the need for improved rip current education to aid in prevention of this, often harrowing, experience.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Drowning/prevention & control ; Australia ; Swimming ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rescue Work
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-07
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2250864-8
ISSN	2201-1617 ; 1036-1073
ISSN (online)	2201-1617
ISSN	1036-1073
DOI	10.1002/hpja.785
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Article ; Online: Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) home range at Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station, NSW.

Badgery, Georgia J / Lawes, Jasmin C / Leggett, Keith E A

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0242298

Abstract: Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) are found Australia-wide and appear to be remarkably well-adapted to the arid zone, yet nearly all echidna research has been conducted in temperate, tropical and alpine zones. This study investigated the home range and ... ...

Abstract	Echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) are found Australia-wide and appear to be remarkably well-adapted to the arid zone, yet nearly all echidna research has been conducted in temperate, tropical and alpine zones. This study investigated the home range and movement of echidnas in western New South Wales. Radio telemetry tracking was used to locate the echidnas daily during the study period (March-May 2018, November 2018, March-May 2019 and August 2019); the observed home range was 1.47± 1.21km2. This is over twice the reported home range of temperate environments (<0.65km2), suggesting that echidnas exhibit larger home ranges in arid zones. The home range of individual echidnas ranged from 0.02km2 to 3.56km2. Echidnas exhibited a small degree of overlap (6.6%± 19.8%) but this varied considerably between individuals (between 0 to 84.2% overlap.) Four out of the thirteen echidnas died during this study, likely due to the severe drought that occurred during the study. This study provides insight into the movement and home range of echidnas in arid zones, revealing that desert echidnas have large home ranges, probably dependent on the availability of resources.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Echidna/physiology ; Homing Behavior/physiology ; New South Wales
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0242298
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