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Article: Could

Pierce, Ellen S

Infectious agents and cancer

2018 Volume 13, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Infectious agents are known causes of human cancers. ...

Abstract	Infectious agents are known causes of human cancers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1750-9378
ISSN	1750-9378
DOI	10.1186/s13027-017-0172-3
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Article: Baseballs, tennis balls, livestock farm manure, the IDH1 mutation, endothelial cell proliferation and hypoxic pseudopalisading (granulomatous) necrosis:

Pierce, Ellen S

Open veterinary journal

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 5–12

Abstract: An increased rate of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma, has been noted in livestock farmers in Western countries. Some researchers have suggested that a zoonotic virus or bacteria present in the livestock animal's feces or manure may be a possible ... ...

Abstract	An increased rate of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma, has been noted in livestock farmers in Western countries. Some researchers have suggested that a zoonotic virus or bacteria present in the livestock animal's feces or manure may be a possible etiologic factor.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Glioblastoma/epidemiology ; Glioblastoma/metabolism ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Glioblastoma/veterinary ; Glioma/epidemiology ; Glioma/metabolism ; Glioma/pathology ; Glioma/veterinary ; Humans ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/physiology ; Paratuberculosis/epidemiology ; Paratuberculosis/metabolism ; Paratuberculosis/microbiology ; Paratuberculosis/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-22
Publishing country	Libya
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2651664-0
ISSN	2218-6050 ; 2226-4485
ISSN (online)	2218-6050
ISSN	2226-4485
DOI	10.4314/ovj.v9i1.2
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Article ; Online: How did Lou Gehrig get Lou Gehrig's disease? Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in manure, soil, dirt, dust and grass and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease) clusters in football, rugby and soccer players.

Pierce, Ellen S

Medical hypotheses

2018 Volume 119, Page(s) 1–5

Abstract: There are several suspected infectious causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or motor neurone disease including HIV-1 and species of Brucella, Cyanobacteria and Schistosoma. The increased rates and clusters of ALS in amateur and professional ... ...

Abstract	There are several suspected infectious causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or motor neurone disease including HIV-1 and species of Brucella, Cyanobacteria and Schistosoma. The increased rates and clusters of ALS in amateur and professional outdoor sports players including rugby, football and soccer players suggest a microorganism present in the grass, dirt and dust they play on and in may be a causative factor. The probable zoonosis Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is heavily excreted in an infected domestic ruminant's feces or manure and is extensively distributed throughout the soil in countries where MAP infection of domestic livestock is longstanding. Like other zoonotic pathogens, MAP can be transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized pathogen-contaminated soil, by direct contact of pathogen-contaminated grass, dirt and dust with mucus membranes lining the nose or mouth or through abrasions and cuts in the skin. Outdoor sports players may develop ALS after multiple oral, nasal or subcutaneous doses of MAP present in the dirt, dust and grass of their playing fields.
MeSH term(s)	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/etiology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/microbiology ; Animals ; Athletes ; Dust ; Environmental Exposure ; Feces ; Football ; Humans ; Manure ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Poaceae ; Soccer ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Manure ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2018.07.009
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Article ; Online: Baseballs, tennis balls, livestock farm manure, the IDH1 mutation, endothelial cell proliferation and hypoxic pseudopalisading (granulomatous) necrosis

Ellen S. Pierce

Open Veterinary Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 5-

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the epidemiology, cellular metabolism and histology of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma

2019 Volume 12

Abstract: ... in the livestock animal’s feces or manure may be a possible etiologic factor ... heavily excreted in an infected animal’s feces or manure, contaminating soil and ground on the animal’s ... farm. Once excreted in an animal’s feces, MAP lasts indefinitely in a dormant but viable form, and ...

Abstract	An increased rate of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma, has been noted in livestock farmers in Western countries. Some researchers have suggested that a zoonotic virus or bacteria present in the livestock animal’s feces or manure may be a possible etiologic factor. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of a chronic enteropathy in domestic livestock and a probable zoonosis, is heavily excreted in an infected animal’s feces or manure, contaminating soil and ground on the animal’s farm. Once excreted in an animal’s feces, MAP lasts indefinitely in a dormant but viable form, and easily spreads outside farms to the surrounding environment. MAP’s presence throughout the soil in countries where MAP infection of domestic livestock is extensive and longstanding may explain the increased rates of glioblastoma in tennis and baseball players who handle balls coated with MAP-contaminated dirt. MAP infection is consistent with glioblastoma’s two defining histopathologic characteristics; endothelial cell proliferation and pseudopalisading necrosis. MAP is a nontuberculous or atypical mycobacterium, which can cause hypoxic necrotizing granulomas, granulomas that resemble areas of pseudopalisading necrosis, There are known bacterial causes of endothelial cell proliferation. Almost unique amongst intracellular bacteria, MAP’s variant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) enzyme, a type 2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, can utilize a host cell’s cytosolic α-ketoglutarate in its own Krebs or tricarboxylic acid cycle. MAP’s ability to use a host cell’s α-ketoglutarate may explain the survival advantage of the cytosolic IDH1 enzyme mutation for patients with diffuse gliomas including glioblastoma, astrocytoma and oligdendroglioma, a mutation that results in a reduced supply of cytosolic α-ketoglutarate. MAP may therefore be one possible infectious cause of glioblastoma and the other histologic categories of diffuse glioma.
Keywords	Diffuse gliomas infectious etiology ; Endothelial cell proliferation ; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ; Necrotizing atypical mycobacterial granulomas ; Transdifferentiation ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Tripoli University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The evidence for

Pierce, Ellen S / Jindal, Charulata / Choi, Yuk Ming / Efird, Jimmy T

Translational cancer research

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 398–412

Abstract: Background and objective: Animal microorganisms have been proposed as a cause of human cancers associated with farming, agricultural occupation or residence, and related downstream exposures. Several studies have described uveal melanoma (UvM) as a ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Animal microorganisms have been proposed as a cause of human cancers associated with farming, agricultural occupation or residence, and related downstream exposures. Several studies have described uveal melanoma (UvM) as a farming-associated cancer. A possible suspect is the animal microorganism Methods: Online data sources (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google) published in English between 1980 to present were searched for key words pertaining to MAP exposure, farming-related occupations and activities, and locations with or in the vicinity of dairy cattle. Key content and findings: While higher than expected rates of eye cancer have been suggested among dairy farmers, with MAP being ubiquitous in their environment, the involvement of MAP in the aetiology of non-solar UvMs (which account for ~97% of UvM cases) remains uncertain. Conclusions: Alternative explanations exist and future cause-and-effect research is needed to answer this hypothesis. A precautionary approach to exposure continues to be a prudent strategy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2901601-0
ISSN	2219-6803 ; 2218-676X
ISSN (online)	2219-6803
ISSN	2218-676X
DOI	10.21037/tcr-22-2540
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Article ; Online: Free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep and an outbreak of inflammatory bowel disease along the Clark Fork River in Plains, Montana.

Pierce, Ellen S

Virulence

2012 Volume 3, Issue 6, Page(s) 546–550

Abstract: Nine individuals with ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease grew up or lived in Plains, Montana, a 1,200-person community adjacent to the Clark Fork River near herds of free ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. This inflammatory bowel disease outbreak is ... ...

Abstract	Nine individuals with ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease grew up or lived in Plains, Montana, a 1,200-person community adjacent to the Clark Fork River near herds of free ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. This inflammatory bowel disease outbreak is similar to others that have occurred along rivers contaminated by animal feces.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Child ; Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology ; Crohn Disease/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Montana/epidemiology ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Rivers ; Sheep, Bighorn/microbiology ; Water Pollution ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2657572-3
ISSN	2150-5608 ; 2150-5594
ISSN (online)	2150-5608
ISSN	2150-5594
DOI	10.4161/viru.22121
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Article ; Online: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis the common villain?

Pierce, Ellen S

Gut pathogens

2010 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

Abstract: Mycobacterium avium, subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic disease of the intestines in dairy cows and a wide range of other animals, including nonhuman primates, called Johne's ("Yo-knee's") disease. MAP has been consistently identified by ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium avium, subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic disease of the intestines in dairy cows and a wide range of other animals, including nonhuman primates, called Johne's ("Yo-knee's") disease. MAP has been consistently identified by a variety of techniques in humans with Crohn's disease. The research investigating the presence of MAP in patients with Crohn's disease has often identified MAP in the "negative" ulcerative colitis controls as well, suggesting that ulcerative colitis is also caused by MAP. Like other infectious diseases, dose, route of infection, age, sex and genes influence whether an individual infected with MAP develops ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The apparently opposite role of smoking, increasing the risk of Crohn's disease while decreasing the risk of ulcerative colitis, is explained by a more careful review of the literature that reveals smoking causes an increase in both diseases but switches the phenotype from ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease. MAP as the sole etiologic agent of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease explains their common epidemiology, geographic distribution and familial and sporadic clusters, providing a unified hypothesis for the prevention and cure of the no longer "idiopathic" inflammatory bowel diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2478277-4
ISSN	1757-4749 ; 1757-4749
ISSN (online)	1757-4749
ISSN	1757-4749
DOI	10.1186/1757-4749-2-21
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Article ; Online: ALSUntangled #66: antimycobacterial antibiotics.

Pierce, Ellen S / Barkhaus, Paul / Beauchamp, Morgan / Bromberg, Mark / Carter, Gregory T / Goslinga, Jill / Greeley, David / Kihuwa-Mani, Sky / Levitsky, Gleb / Lund, Isaac / McDermott, Christopher / Pattee, Gary / Pierce, Kaitlyn / Polak, Meraida / Ratner, Dylan / Wicks, Paul / Bedlack, Richard

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration

2022 Volume 24, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 539–543

Abstract: Several infections have been associated with motor neuron diseases resembling ALS, including species of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. ...

Abstract	Several infections have been associated with motor neuron diseases resembling ALS, including species of viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications ; Crohn Disease/etiology ; Crohn Disease/microbiology ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Motor Neuron Disease/complications
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2705049-X
ISSN	2167-9223 ; 2167-8421
ISSN (online)	2167-9223
ISSN	2167-8421
DOI	10.1080/21678421.2022.2104650
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Article ; Online: Where are all the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease?

Pierce, Ellen S

PLoS pathogens

2009 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) e1000234

Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestines, Johne's disease, in dairy cows and every other species of mammal in which it has been identified. MAP has been identified in the mucosal ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestines, Johne's disease, in dairy cows and every other species of mammal in which it has been identified. MAP has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in patients with Crohn's disease by methods other than light microscopy, and by direct visualization in small numbers by light microscopy. MAP has not been accepted as the cause of Crohn's disease in part because it has not been seen under the microscope in large numbers in the intestines of patients with Crohn's disease. An analysis of the literature on the pathology of Crohn's disease and on possible MAP infection in Crohn's patients suggests that MAP might directly infect endothelial cells and adipocytes and cause them to proliferate, causing focal obstruction within already existing vessels (including granuloma formation), the development of new vessels (neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis), and the "creeping fat" of the mesentery that is unique in human pathology to Crohn's disease but also occurs in bovine Johne's disease. Large numbers of MAP might therefore be found in the mesentery attached to segments of intestine affected by Crohn's disease rather than in the bowel wall, the blood and lymphatic vessels running through the mesentery, or the mesenteric fat itself. The walls of fistulas might result from the neoangiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis that occurs in the bowel wall in Crohn's disease and therefore are also possible sites of large numbers of MAP. The direct visualization of large numbers of MAP organisms in the tissues of patients with Crohn's disease will help establish that MAP causes Crohn's disease.
MeSH term(s)	Crohn Disease/microbiology ; Crohn Disease/pathology ; Humans ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Paratuberculosis/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2205412-1
ISSN	1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
ISSN (online)	1553-7374
ISSN	1553-7374
DOI	10.1371/journal.ppat.1000234
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Article ; Online: Possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through potable water: lessons from an urban cluster of Crohn's disease.

Pierce, Ellen S

Gut pathogens

2009 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 17

Abstract: A "cluster" of patients refers to the geographic proximity of unrelated patients with the same disease and suggests a common environmental cause for that disease. Clusters of patients with Crohn's disease have been linked to the presence of an infectious ...

Abstract	A "cluster" of patients refers to the geographic proximity of unrelated patients with the same disease and suggests a common environmental cause for that disease. Clusters of patients with Crohn's disease have been linked to the presence of an infectious microorganism in unpasteurized milk and cheese, untreated water supplied by wells or springs, animal manure used as fertilizer for family vegetable gardens, and bodies of water contaminated by agricultural runoff. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the suspected cause of Crohn's disease. MAP causes a disease in dairy cows and other animals that is similar to Crohn's disease, called Johne's ('Yo-knees') disease or paratuberculosis. Dairy cows with Johne's disease secrete MAP into their milk and excrete MAP into their feces. MAP is present in untreated water such as well water, in bodies of water contaminated by agricultural runoff, and in unpasteurized milk and cheese. The "treatment" of "tap" water to make it "drinkable" or "potable" by the processes of sedimentation, filtration and chlorination has little to no effect on MAP. MAP is so resistant to chlorine disinfection that such disinfection actually selects for its growth. Other subspecies of Mycobacterium avium grow in biofilms present on tap water pipes. Despite the documented presence of MAP in tap water and its probable growth on tap water pipes, clusters of Crohn's disease have not previously been described in relationship to tap water pipes supplying patients' homes. This report describes three unrelated individuals who lived on the same block along a street in a midwestern American city and developed Crohn's disease within four years of each other in the 1960's. A common tap water pipe supplied their homes. This is the first reported cluster of Crohn's disease possibly linked to fully treated drinking water, and is consistent with previously reported clusters of Crohn's disease linked to an infectious microorganism in water.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-09-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2478277-4
ISSN	1757-4749 ; 1757-4749
ISSN (online)	1757-4749
ISSN	1757-4749
DOI	10.1186/1757-4749-1-17
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