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Article ; Online: Addressing the global obesity burden: a gender-responsive approach to changing food environments is needed.

McKenzie, Briar L / Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Woodward, Mark

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

2024 , Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Obesity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. There is a higher proportion of women living with obesity than men, with differences in prevalence rates between women and men particularly staggering in low- and middle-income countries. The ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. There is a higher proportion of women living with obesity than men, with differences in prevalence rates between women and men particularly staggering in low- and middle-income countries. The food environments that most people live in have been defined as 'obesogenic', characterised by easy access to energy dense, highly palatable foods with poor nutritional value. There is an established need to intervene to change food environments to prevent obesity. However, minimal successes are evident with no country set to meet the WHO goal of reducing obesity prevalence to 2010 numbers by 2025. In this review, we provide a narrative around the sex (biological)- and gender (sociocultural)-related considerations for the relationship between nutrition, interactions with the food environment and obesity risk. We provide an argument that there are gendered responses to food environments that place women at a higher risk of obesity particularly in relation to food industry influences, due to gendered roles and responsibilities in relation to paid and unpaid labour, and due to specific food security threats. This review concludes with hypotheses for addressing the obesity burden in a gender-responsive manner, with a call for gender equity to be a key component of the development, implementation and monitoring of obesity prevention focused policies going forward.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	391142-1
ISSN	1475-2719 ; 0029-6651
ISSN (online)	1475-2719
ISSN	0029-6651
DOI	10.1017/S0029665124000120
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Article ; Online: The Time Is Ripe for Addressing Gender Inequalities in the Authorship of Scientific Papers.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina

American journal of public health

2020 Volume 111, Issue 1, Page(s) 15–16

MeSH term(s)	Authorship ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Characteristics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	121100-6
ISSN	1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
ISSN	0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
DOI	10.2105/AJPH.2020.306028
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Article ; Online: Women's representation as authors of retracted papers in the biomedical sciences.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Hockham, Carinna / Woodward, Mark

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) e0284403

Abstract: Women are under-represented among authors of scientific papers. Although the number of retractions has been rising over the past few decades, gender differences among authors of retracted papers remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study ... ...

Abstract	Women are under-represented among authors of scientific papers. Although the number of retractions has been rising over the past few decades, gender differences among authors of retracted papers remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated gender differences in authorship of retracted papers in biomedical sciences available on RetractionWatch. Among 35,635 biomedical articles retracted between 1970 and 2022, including 20,849 first authors and 20,413 last authors, women accounted for 27.4% [26.8 to 28.0] of first authors and 23.5% [22.9 to 24.1] of last authors. The lowest representation of women was found for fraud (18.9% [17.1 to 20.9] for first authors and 13.5% [11.9 to 15.1] for last authors) and misconduct (19.5% [17.3 to 21.9] for first authors and 17.8% [15.7 to 20.3] for last authors). Women's representation was the highest for issues related to editors and publishers (35.1% [32.2 to 38.0] for first authors and 24.8% [22.9 to 26.8] for last authors) and errors (29.5% [28.0 to 31.0] for first authors and 22.1% [20.7 to 23.4] for last authors). Most retractions (60.9%) had men as first and last authors. Gender equality could improve research integrity in biomedical sciences.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Scientific Misconduct ; Biomedical Research ; Authorship ; Fraud
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284403
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Public perceptions of responsibility for recommended food policies in seven countries.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Booth, Leon / Pettigrew, Simone

European journal of public health

2023 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 299–304

Abstract: Background: Food policy is important to promote healthy and sustainable diets. However, who is responsible for developing and implementing food policy remains contentious. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the public attributes ... ...

Abstract	Background: Food policy is important to promote healthy and sustainable diets. However, who is responsible for developing and implementing food policy remains contentious. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the public attributes responsibility for food policy to governments, individuals and the private sector. Methods: A total of 7559 respondents from seven countries [Australia (n = 1033), Canada (n = 1079), China (n = 1099), India (n = 1086), New Zealand (n = 1090), the UK (n = 1079) and the USA (n = 1093)] completed an online survey assessing perceived responsibility for 11 recommended food policies. Results: Overall, preferred responsibility for the assessed food policies was primarily attributed to governments (62%), followed by the private sector (49%) and individuals (31%). Respondents from New Zealand expressed the highest support for government responsibility (70%) and those from the USA the lowest (50%). Respondents from the USA and India were most likely to nominate individuals as responsible (both 37%), while those from China were least likely (23%). The private sector had the highest attributed responsibility in New Zealand (55%) and the lowest in China and the USA (both 47%). Support for government responsibility declined with age and was higher among those on higher incomes, with a university degree, and who perceived themselves to consume a healthy diet or be in poor health. Conclusions: Across seven diverse countries, results indicate the public considers government should take primary responsibility for the assessed food policies, with modest contribution from the private sector and minority support for individual responsibility.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Public Opinion ; Nutrition Policy ; Government ; Diet ; Australia
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1129243-x
ISSN	1464-360X ; 1101-1262
ISSN (online)	1464-360X
ISSN	1101-1262
DOI	10.1093/eurpub/ckad020
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Article ; Online: Inequalities in smoking among pregnant women in North West London.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Mullins, Edward

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2023 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) e518–e521

Abstract: Background: London has the lowest smoking prevalence among pregnant women in England. However, it was unclear whether the low overall prevalence masked inequalities. This study investigated the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women in North West ... ...

Abstract	Background: London has the lowest smoking prevalence among pregnant women in England. However, it was unclear whether the low overall prevalence masked inequalities. This study investigated the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women in North West London stratified by ethnicity and deprivation. Methods: Data regarding smoking status, ethnicity and deprivation were extracted from electronic health records collected by maternity services at Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust between January 2020 and August 2022. Results: A total of 25 231 women were included in this study. At the time of booking of antenatal care (mean of 12 weeks), 4% of women were current smokers, 17% were ex-smokers and 78% never smokers. There were marked differences in the smoking prevalence between ethnic groups. Women of Mixed-White and Black Caribbean ethnicity and White Irish women had the highest prevalence of smoking (12 and 9%, respectively). There was an over 4-fold increase in the prevalence of smoking between the most and the least deprived groups (5.6 versus 1.3%). Conclusions: Even in a population with an overall low prevalence of smoking in pregnancy, women experiencing deprivation and from certain ethnic backgrounds have a high smoking prevalence and hence are the most likely to benefit from smoking cessation interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; London/epidemiology ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Prenatal Care ; Ethnicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdad040
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Article ; Online: Trends in sugar content of non-alcoholic beverages in Australia between 2015 and 2019 during the operation of a voluntary industry pledge to reduce sugar content

Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes / Elizabeth Dunford / Alexandra Jones

Public Health Nutrition, Vol 26, Pp 287-

2023 Volume 296

Abstract: Abstract Objectives: To investigate changes in mean sugar content of non-alcoholic beverages (overall and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) available for purchase in Australia and to compare signatories v. non-signatories of the Australian Beverages ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Objectives: To investigate changes in mean sugar content of non-alcoholic beverages (overall and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) available for purchase in Australia and to compare signatories v. non-signatories of the Australian Beverages Council voluntary pledge from 2018 Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: Australia. Participants: About 1500 non-alcoholic beverages per year included in the FoodSwitch Monitoring Datasets for 2015–2019. Results: Overall, mean sugar content fell by 1·3 g/100 ml (17·1 %) from 7·5 g/100 ml in 2015 to 6·2 g/100 ml in 2019. SSB have accounted for about 56 % of all beverages available for purchase since 2015. Between 2015 and 2019, the sugar content of SSB dropped by about 10 % (0·8 g/100 ml). Soft drinks and milk-based drinks were the categories with the largest decrease in sugar content. The greater reduction in sugar observed for beverages overall than SSB suggests at least some of the overall decrease in sugar content is due to the appearance of new products with low or no sugar rather than reformulation. Over the same period, beverages with added non-nutritive sweeteners increased from 41 % to 44 %. The decrease in sugar content for all beverages and SSB was, in general, larger for non-signatories than signatories of the voluntary industry pledge. Conclusions: Between 2015 and 2019, the small reduction in sugar content of non-alcoholic beverages in Australia resulted from the combined effects of introducing low- or no-sugar products and reformulation of some categories of SSB. Further policy and regulatory measures are required to reap the most benefit that sugar reduction among non-alcoholic beverages can bring to population health.
Keywords	Sugar-sweetened beverages ; Diet ; Food policy ; Health policy ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ; RC620-627
Subject code	900
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: E-cigarette attitudes and behaviours amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Santos, Joseph A / Jones, Alexandra / Thout, Sudhir Raj / Pettigrew, Simone

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2024 Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) e763–e775

Abstract: Background: The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK.: Methods: An online survey was administered ... ...

Abstract	Background: The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst 15-30-year-olds in the UK. Methods: An online survey was administered to a sample of 1009 15-30-year-olds in the UK. Results: About one in five participants currently used e-cigarettes at least monthly, with 1 in 10 using them daily. Amongst those using e-cigarettes at least monthly, 90% had used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. E-cigarettes were mainly obtained from vape shops and used at home. Having friends who used e-cigarettes and using them to help quit/reduce smoking were the most common reasons for vaping. About half of participants had been exposed to e-cigarette advertising, especially online, and warning labels on e-cigarettes. Most participants agreed that e-cigarettes are addictive (75%), help people quitting smoking (64%) and are bad for health (63%). Previous or current tobacco smokers were 9 and 22 times more likely to use e-cigarettes than never smokers, respectively. Perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful was associated with a 40% lower likelihood of use. Conclusion: Raising awareness on the uncertain long-term consequences of vaping and regulation of marketing and sales are crucial to protect young people in the UK.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Tobacco Smoking ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdad138
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Article ; Online: Redressing the gender imbalance across the publishing system.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Woodward, Mark

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2022 Volume 22, Issue 10, Page(s) 1401–1403

MeSH term(s)	Gender Identity ; Humans ; Publishing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00418-2
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Article: Women's representation in clinical trials of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Carcel, Cheryl / Woodward, Mark / Hockham, Carinna

Clinical kidney journal

2023 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 1457–1464

Abstract: Background: Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD), including epidemiology and response to treatment, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how women are represented in CKD clinical trials and whether sex- and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD), including epidemiology and response to treatment, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how women are represented in CKD clinical trials and whether sex- and gender-disaggregated outcomes were reported. Methods: Clinical trials on CKD were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomised, phase 3/4 trials with ≥100 participants were selected to quantify women's representation among participants by computing the participation:prevalence ratio (PPR) and investigating whether sex-disaggregated analyses had been performed. Results: In total, 192 CKD trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and published between 1995 and 2022 were included. Overall, women accounted for 66 875 (45%) of the 147 136 participants. Women's participation in clinical trials was lower than their representation in the underlying CKD population globally (55%). The PPR was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.78), with no significant variation irrespective of mean age, CKD stage, dialysis, location, type of intervention or funding agency. A total of 39 (20%) trials reported sex-disaggregated efficacy outcomes and none reported sex-disaggregated safety outcomes. Conclusion: Women's participation in CKD clinical trials was lower than their representation in the underlying CKD population. Sex-disaggregated efficacy and safety outcomes were rarely reported. Improving women's enrolment into clinical trials is crucial to enable sex- and gender-disaggregated analysis and thus identify potential differences in treatment response between women and men.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2655800-2
ISSN	2048-8513 ; 2048-8505
ISSN (online)	2048-8513
ISSN	2048-8505
DOI	10.1093/ckj/sfad018
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Article ; Online: Gender equality related to gender differences in life expectancy across the globe gender equality and life expectancy.

Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina / Peters, Sanne A E / Woodward, Mark

PLOS global public health

2023 Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) e0001214

Abstract: Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across ... ...

Abstract	Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and women and men's LE. Overall, the mGGGI increased from 58% in 2010 to 62% in 2021. Globally, changes in the mGGGI and its economic and political subindexes were not associated with changes in the gender gap in LE or with LE for women and men between 2010 and 2020. Improvements in gender equality in education were associated with a longer LE for women and men and widening of the gender gap in LE. In 2021, each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 4.3-month increase in women's LE and a 3.5-month increase in men's LE, and thus with an 8-month wider gender gap. However, the direction and magnitude of these associations varied between regions. Each 10% increase in the mGGGI was associated with a 6-month narrower gender gap in high-income countries, and a 13- and 16-month wider gender gap in South and Southeast Asia and Oceania, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Globally, greater gender equality is associated with longer LE for both women and men and a widening of the gender gap in LE. The variation in this association across world regions suggests that gender equality may change as countries progress towards socioeconomic development and gender equality.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0001214
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