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  1. Article ; Online: Why I am still not convinced heartbeat bills are defensible.

    Shaw, Joshua

    Bioethics

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 312–313

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13133
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  2. Article ; Online: The ethical indefensibility of heartbeat bills.

    Shaw, Joshua

    Bioethics

    2022  Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 858–864

    Abstract: Recently, several states in the United States have sought to adopt more restrictive abortion policies. Most have tried to enact "heartbeat bills" that prohibit most abortions once a fetal heartbeat becomes detectable. This article explores this question: ...

    Abstract Recently, several states in the United States have sought to adopt more restrictive abortion policies. Most have tried to enact "heartbeat bills" that prohibit most abortions once a fetal heartbeat becomes detectable. This article explores this question: Are heartbeat bills ethically defensible? I argue that they are not. There are at least four problems with them. First, heartbeat bills rely on a problematic understanding of human death. Second, they contradict and even undermine the leading arguments in ethics against abortion. Third, they are ambiguous not just in terms of when they judge fetal heartbeats to be detectable but also in what they deem to be heartbeats. Finally, there is a case to be made that heartbeat bills are disingenuous, both in their intentions and in their underlying motives.
    MeSH term(s) Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Morals ; Pregnancy ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.13068
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  3. Article ; Online: The Flaw in Formalist Accounts of Circumvention Tourism.

    Shaw, Joshua

    The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics

    2022  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 551–562

    Abstract: Circumvention tourism is a form of medical tourism that occurs when individuals travel abroad to receive treatments that are a prohibited in their home county but permitted in a destination country. This paper explores this question: ...

    Abstract Circumvention tourism is a form of medical tourism that occurs when individuals travel abroad to receive treatments that are a prohibited in their home county but permitted in a destination country. This paper explores this question:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tourism ; Medical Tourism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1168812-9
    ISSN 1748-720X ; 1073-1105 ; 0277-8459
    ISSN (online) 1748-720X
    ISSN 1073-1105 ; 0277-8459
    DOI 10.1017/jme.2022.93
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  4. Article ; Online: Procreative responsibilities and the parental obligation objection.

    Shaw, Joshua

    Theoretical medicine and bioethics

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 111–125

    Abstract: This essay presents a challenge to the parental obligation objection. This objection is usually made by abortion opponents who argue that because child support laws hold men postnatally responsible for children they helped bring into existence (even when ...

    Abstract This essay presents a challenge to the parental obligation objection. This objection is usually made by abortion opponents who argue that because child support laws hold men postnatally responsible for children they helped bring into existence (even when they did not intend to become parents), women too have prenatal parental responsibilities that should prevent them from ending pregnancies through abortions. My essay draws on recent publications in bioethics that distinguish procreative from parental responsibilities. This distinction was originally developed to clarify the duties of third-party participants in assisted reproduction. However, the distinction inadvertently poses a problem for the parental obligation objection, for it raises questions about whether women who do not wish to carry a child to term have parental rather than procreative responsibilities. It does not necessarily follow that the objection must be wrong. But rather, that there is an explanatory gap in it. If abortion violates procreative responsibilities, then drastic changes must be made to fertility medicine. Conversely, there does not appear to be non-question-begging criteria that would explain why pregnant women must have parental responsibilities, in addition to procreative ones, whereas third-party participants in assisted reproduction, such as fertility doctors, embryologists, gamete donors, and surrogates, have only procreative responsibilities.
    MeSH term(s) Bioethics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moral Obligations ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Tissue Donors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1418481-3
    ISSN 1573-0980 ; 1573-1200 ; 1386-7415
    ISSN (online) 1573-0980 ; 1573-1200
    ISSN 1386-7415
    DOI 10.1007/s11017-022-09570-7
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  5. Article ; Online: Why Inconsistency Arguments Matter.

    Shaw, Joshua

    The New bioethics : a multidisciplinary journal of biotechnology and the body

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–53

    Abstract: Abortion opponents are sometimes accused of having inconsistent beliefs, actions, and/or priorities. If they were consistent, they would regard spontaneous abortions to be a greater moral tragedy, or they would adopt more frozen in vitro fertilization ... ...

    Abstract Abortion opponents are sometimes accused of having inconsistent beliefs, actions, and/or priorities. If they were consistent, they would regard spontaneous abortions to be a greater moral tragedy, or they would adopt more frozen in vitro fertilization embryos, or they would support more robust social welfare programmes for children and single parents, or so on and so forth. Nicholas Colgrove, Bruce Blackshaw, and Daniel Rodger have recently argued that such inconsistency arguments 'fail en masse.' They propose three main objections: The Diversity Objection, The Other Beliefs Objection, and The Other Actions Objection. This paper argues that they are incorrect. First, Colgrove et al.'s objections rely on misrepresentations of inconsistency arguments, their structure and the extent to which their proponents have addressed counterarguments to them. Second, none of their objections show that these arguments fail as a whole.
    MeSH term(s) Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Child ; Dissent and Disputes ; Female ; Humans ; Morals ; Pregnancy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2727428-7
    ISSN 2050-2885 ; 2050-2877
    ISSN (online) 2050-2885
    ISSN 2050-2877
    DOI 10.1080/20502877.2021.2007643
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  6. Article ; Online: Selecting for Disabilities: Selection Versus Modification.

    Shaw, Joshua

    The New bioethics : a multidisciplinary journal of biotechnology and the body

    2018  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 44–56

    Abstract: This essay considers one argument used to defend parents who use preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to select for deafness and other disabilities. Some bioethicists have argued that a distinction should be drawn between genetically modifying embryos ...

    Abstract This essay considers one argument used to defend parents who use preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to select for deafness and other disabilities. Some bioethicists have argued that a distinction should be drawn between genetically modifying embryos to possess disabilities and using PGD to select embryos that already present markers of them, and that the former is unethical because it inflicts avoidable harms onto the resulting children, whereas the latter is permissible because it allows children with potentially impaired abilities to exist. This essay raises doubts about whether a meaningful moral distinction can be drawn between modification and selection. Arguments which distinguish modification from selection can be understood in two ways. One is to read them as presenting a No Harm, No Foul argument. Another is to read them as presenting a Harming Versus Letting Be argument. Neither succeeds, however, either in establishing a meaningful moral distinction between modification and selection, or in showing that the second is morally permissible in contradistinction to the first.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Deafness/genetics ; Disabled Children ; Eugenics ; Genetic Engineering/ethics ; Humans ; Life ; Morals ; Parents ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/ethics ; Principle-Based Ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2727428-7
    ISSN 2050-2885 ; 2050-2877
    ISSN (online) 2050-2885
    ISSN 2050-2877
    DOI 10.1080/20502877.2018.1441671
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  7. Article: Hydrogen sulfide exposure reduces thermal set point in zebrafish.

    Skandalis, Dimitri A / Dobell, Cheryl D / Shaw, Joshua C / Tattersall, Glenn J

    Royal Society open science

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) 200416

    Abstract: Behavioural flexibility allows ectotherms to exploit the environment to govern their metabolic physiology, including in response to environmental stress. Hydrogen sulfide ( ... ...

    Abstract Behavioural flexibility allows ectotherms to exploit the environment to govern their metabolic physiology, including in response to environmental stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.200416
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  8. Article ; Online: Hand and Wrist trauma: Antimicrobials and Infection Audit of Clinical Practice (HAWAII ACP) protocol.

    Shafi, Shiraz Q / Yoshimura, Ryo / Harrison, Conrad J / Wade, Ryckie G / Shaw, Abigail V / Totty, Joshua P / Rodrigues, Jeremy N / Gardiner, Matthew D / Wormald, Justin C R

    Bone & joint open

    2024  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 361–366

    Abstract: Aims: Hand trauma, consisting of injuries to both the hand and the wrist, are a common injury seen worldwide. The global age-standardized incidence of hand trauma exceeds 179 per 100,000. Hand trauma may require surgical management and therefore result ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Hand trauma, consisting of injuries to both the hand and the wrist, are a common injury seen worldwide. The global age-standardized incidence of hand trauma exceeds 179 per 100,000. Hand trauma may require surgical management and therefore result in significant costs to both healthcare systems and society. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common following all surgical interventions, and within hand surgery the risk of SSI is at least 5%. SSI following hand trauma surgery results in significant costs to healthcare systems with estimations of over £450 per patient. The World Health Organization (WHO) have produced international guidelines to help prevent SSIs. However, it is unclear what variability exists in the adherence to these guidelines within hand trauma. The aim is to assess compliance to the WHO global guidelines in prevention of SSI in hand trauma.
    Methods: This will be an international, multicentre audit comparing antimicrobial practices in hand trauma to the standards outlined by WHO. Through the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network (RSTN), hand surgeons across the globe will be invited to participate in the study. Consultant surgeons/associate specialists managing hand trauma and members of the multidisciplinary team will be identified at participating sites. Teams will be asked to collect data prospectively on a minimum of 20 consecutive patients. The audit will run for eight months. Data collected will include injury details, initial management, hand trauma team management, operation details, postoperative care, and antimicrobial techniques used throughout. Adherence to WHO global guidelines for SSI will be summarized using descriptive statistics across each criteria.
    Discussion: The Hand and Wrist trauma: Antimicrobials and Infection Audit of Clinical Practice (HAWAII ACP) will provide an understanding of the current antimicrobial practice in hand trauma surgery. This will then provide a basis to guide further research in the field. The findings of this study will be disseminated via conference presentations and a peer-reviewed publication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2633-1462
    ISSN (online) 2633-1462
    DOI 10.1302/2633-1462.54.BJO-2023-0144.R1
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  9. Article ; Online: Using Stereochemistry to Control Mechanical Properties in Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels.

    Macdougall, Laura J / Pérez-Madrigal, Maria M / Shaw, Joshua E / Worch, Joshua C / Sammon, Christopher / Richardson, Stephen M / Dove, Andrew P

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 49, Page(s) 25856–25864

    Abstract: The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. ... ...

    Abstract The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. Typically, changing the stiffness of a hydrogel is achieved at the cost of changing another parameter, that in turn affects the physical properties of the material and ultimately influences the cellular response. Herein, we report that by manipulating the stereochemistry of a double bond, formed in situ during gelation, materials with diverse mechanical properties but comparable physical properties can be obtained. Click-hydrogels that possess a high % trans content are stiffer than their high % cis analogues by almost a factor of 3. Human mesenchymal stem cells acted as a substrate stiffness cell reporter demonstrating the potential of these platforms to study mechanotransduction without the influence of other external factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.202107161
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  10. Article: Using Stereochemistry to Control Mechanical Properties in Thiol-Yne Click-Hydrogels.

    Macdougall, Laura J / Pérez-Madrigal, Maria M / Shaw, Joshua E / Worch, Joshua C / Sammon, Christopher / Richardson, Stephen M / Dove, Andrew P

    Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

    2021  Volume 133, Issue 49, Page(s) 26060–26068

    Abstract: The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. ... ...

    Abstract The stereochemistry of polymers has a profound impact on their mechanical properties. While this has been observed in thermoplastics, studies on how stereochemistry affects the bulk properties of swollen networks, such as hydrogels, are limited. Typically, changing the stiffness of a hydrogel is achieved at the cost of changing another parameter, that in turn affects the physical properties of the material and ultimately influences the cellular response. Herein, we report that by manipulating the stereochemistry of a double bond, formed in situ during gelation, materials with diverse mechanical properties but comparable physical properties can be obtained. Click-hydrogels that possess a high % trans content are stiffer than their high % cis analogues by almost a factor of 3. Human mesenchymal stem cells acted as a substrate stiffness cell reporter demonstrating the potential of these platforms to study mechanotransduction without the influence of other external factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 506609-8
    ISSN 1521-3757 ; 0044-8249 ; 0932-2140
    ISSN (online) 1521-3757
    ISSN 0044-8249 ; 0932-2140
    DOI 10.1002/ange.202107161
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