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  1. Article: Why Narcissism Reduces Distress: The Consequences of Narcissistic Intellectual Self-Confidence.

    Leniarska, Maria / Zajenkowski, Marcin

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 668257

    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between grandiose narcissism and the feeling of distress. We referred to the narcissistic admiration and rivalry model. We hypothesized that people with high narcissistic admiration would ... ...

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between grandiose narcissism and the feeling of distress. We referred to the narcissistic admiration and rivalry model. We hypothesized that people with high narcissistic admiration would experience less distress and fear and that intellectual self-confidence would account for this relationship. We examined two dimensions of grandiose narcissism using Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, self-assessed intelligence, and various aspects of distress in two studies. In Study 1 (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.668257
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Hostile and energetic: Anger is predicted by low agreeableness and high energetic arousal.

    Zajenkowski, Marcin

    PloS one

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e0184919

    Abstract: A hypothesis that anger is related to high energetic arousal (EA), but only at a low level of agreeableness was tested. In the first two studies, the association between trait anger, agreeableness, and EA was explored. In the next two studies, the ... ...

    Abstract A hypothesis that anger is related to high energetic arousal (EA), but only at a low level of agreeableness was tested. In the first two studies, the association between trait anger, agreeableness, and EA was explored. In the next two studies, the interactions of agreeableness with constructs conceptually and empirically close to EA, in predicting anger were tested. Study 3 revealed that anger was predicted by a low level of agreeableness and a high level of positive affect. In study 4 task engagement (construct containing an energetic component) was included in the context of cognitive performance. At a high level of agreeableness the association between anger and task engagement was negative, whereas among individuals with low agreeableness this relation was not significant.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anger ; Arousal/physiology ; Cognition ; Female ; Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0184919
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  3. Article ; Online: Religious Fundamentalism, Delusions, and Conspiracy Beliefs Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Sobol, Małgorzata / Zajenkowski, Marcin / Jankowski, Konrad S

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 15

    Abstract: The widespread COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a problem in dealing with the pandemic, as their proponents tend not to adhere to public health regulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between religious fundamentalism, ... ...

    Abstract The widespread COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a problem in dealing with the pandemic, as their proponents tend not to adhere to public health regulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between religious fundamentalism, delusions, compliance with public health regulations, and religion-related conspiracy beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 570 internet users aged 18-60. They responded to questions regarding sociodemographic variables, compliance with public health regulations, conspiracy beliefs concerning COVID-19, as well as the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and the Delusions Scale. The results indicated that people exhibiting more conspiracy beliefs were less likely to comply with public health regulations concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and showed more religious fundamentalism. Additionally, there was an indirect effect of religious fundamentalism on conspiracy beliefs through delusions. The results suggest that when formulating epidemiological messages, it is worth paying attention to the importance of rational thinking.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Delusions/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; Religion
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19159597
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  4. Article ; Online: Hostile and energetic

    Marcin Zajenkowski

    PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e

    Anger is predicted by low agreeableness and high energetic arousal.

    2017  Volume 0184919

    Abstract: A hypothesis that anger is related to high energetic arousal (EA), but only at a low level of agreeableness was tested. In the first two studies, the association between trait anger, agreeableness, and EA was explored. In the next two studies, the ... ...

    Abstract A hypothesis that anger is related to high energetic arousal (EA), but only at a low level of agreeableness was tested. In the first two studies, the association between trait anger, agreeableness, and EA was explored. In the next two studies, the interactions of agreeableness with constructs conceptually and empirically close to EA, in predicting anger were tested. Study 3 revealed that anger was predicted by a low level of agreeableness and a high level of positive affect. In study 4 task engagement (construct containing an energetic component) was included in the context of cognitive performance. At a high level of agreeableness the association between anger and task engagement was negative, whereas among individuals with low agreeableness this relation was not significant.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Religious Fundamentalism, Delusions, and Conspiracy Beliefs Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Małgorzata Sobol / Marcin Zajenkowski / Konrad S. Jankowski

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 9597, p

    2022  Volume 9597

    Abstract: The widespread COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a problem in dealing with the pandemic, as their proponents tend not to adhere to public health regulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between religious fundamentalism, ... ...

    Abstract The widespread COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a problem in dealing with the pandemic, as their proponents tend not to adhere to public health regulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between religious fundamentalism, delusions, compliance with public health regulations, and religion-related conspiracy beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 570 internet users aged 18–60. They responded to questions regarding sociodemographic variables, compliance with public health regulations, conspiracy beliefs concerning COVID-19, as well as the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and the Delusions Scale. The results indicated that people exhibiting more conspiracy beliefs were less likely to comply with public health regulations concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and showed more religious fundamentalism. Additionally, there was an indirect effect of religious fundamentalism on conspiracy beliefs through delusions. The results suggest that when formulating epidemiological messages, it is worth paying attention to the importance of rational thinking.
    Keywords religious fundamentalism ; delusions ; conspiracy beliefs ; COVID-19 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 230
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article: Energetic arousal and language: predictions from the computational theory of quantifiers processing.

    Zajenkowski, Marcin

    Human factors

    2013  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 924–934

    Abstract: Objective: The author examines the relationship between energetic arousal (EA) and the processing of sentences containing natural-language quantifiers.: Background: Previous studies and theories have shown that energy may differentially affect ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The author examines the relationship between energetic arousal (EA) and the processing of sentences containing natural-language quantifiers.
    Background: Previous studies and theories have shown that energy may differentially affect various cognitive functions. Recent investigations devoted to quantifiers strongly support the theory that various types of quantifiers involve different cognitive functions in the sentence-picture verification task.
    Method: In the present study, 201 students were presented with a sentence-picture verification task consisting of simple propositions containing a quantifier that referred to the color of a car on display. Color pictures of cars accompanied the propositions. In addition, the level of participants' EA was measured before and after the verification task.
    Results: It was found that EA and performance on proportional quantifiers (e.g., "More than half of the cars are red") are in an inverted U-shaped relationship.
    Conclusion: This result may be explained by the fact that proportional sentences engage working memory to a high degree, and previous models of EA-cognition associations have been based on the assumption that tasks that require parallel attentional and memory processes are best performed when energy is moderate.
    Application: The research described in the present article has several applications, as it shows the optimal human conditions for verbal comprehension. For instance, it may be important in workplace design to control the level of arousal experienced by office staff when work is mostly related to the processing of complex texts. Energy level may be influenced by many factors, such as noise, time of day, or thermal conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arousal ; Attention ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Memory ; Natural Language Processing ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Workplace ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 212725-8
    ISSN 1547-8181 ; 0018-7208
    ISSN (online) 1547-8181
    ISSN 0018-7208
    DOI 10.1177/0018720812474932
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  7. Article ; Online: Who Believes in Nonlimited Willpower? In Search of Correlates of Implicit Theories of Self-Control.

    Jędrzejczyk, Jan / Zajenkowski, Marcin

    Psychological reports

    2018  Volume 123, Issue 2, Page(s) 281–299

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/physiology ; Male ; Personality/physiology ; Psychological Theory ; Self Concept ; Self-Control ; Volition/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205658-6
    ISSN 1558-691X ; 0033-2941
    ISSN (online) 1558-691X
    ISSN 0033-2941
    DOI 10.1177/0033294118809936
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  8. Article ; Online: What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r).

    Jankowski, Konrad S / Zajenkowski, Marcin / Stolarski, Maciej

    Psychologica Belgica

    2020  Volume 60, Issue 1, Page(s) 164–183

    Abstract: Balanced time perspective (BTP) describes a tendency to focus on past, present and future time horizons that fosters well-being and positive life outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective is a widespread method to measure the balance, but it ...

    Abstract Balanced time perspective (BTP) describes a tendency to focus on past, present and future time horizons that fosters well-being and positive life outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective is a widespread method to measure the balance, but it makes assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP. In the present research we aimed to test the assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP by testing associations between time perspectives and domains of well-being in four independent samples (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2634810-X
    ISSN 2054-670X ; 2054-670X
    ISSN (online) 2054-670X
    ISSN 2054-670X
    DOI 10.5334/pb.487
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  9. Article ; Online: Ego-Boosting Hormone: Self-Reported and Blood-Based Testosterone Are Associated With Higher Narcissism.

    Zajenkowski, Marcin / Gignac, Gilles E / Rogoza, Radosław / Górniak, Jeremiasz / Maciantowicz, Oliwia / Leniarska, Maria / Jonason, Peter K / Jankowski, Konrad S

    Psychological science

    2023  Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 1024–1032

    Abstract: Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be associated with basal levels of testosterone because testosterone is considered the ... ...

    Abstract Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be associated with basal levels of testosterone because testosterone is considered the most social hormone-driving dominance and the motivation to achieve social status. We distinguished between two facets of grandiose narcissism: agentic (i.e., the tendency to self-promotion in order to win others' admiration and social influence) and antagonistic (i.e., a reactive strategy used to restore threatened status). In 283 adult men, we examined the association between these facets of narcissism and blood-tested and self-reported testosterone levels. Agentic narcissism-the default narcissistic strategy-was positively associated with both testosterone indicators. Moreover, self-reported and objectively measured testosterone were positively correlated. These findings extend previous work by showing that the facets of narcissism have distinct hormonal underpinnings.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Self Report ; Narcissism ; Testosterone ; Motivation ; Ego
    Chemical Substances Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2022256-7
    ISSN 1467-9280 ; 0956-7976
    ISSN (online) 1467-9280
    ISSN 0956-7976
    DOI 10.1177/09567976231184886
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  10. Article ; Online: The peaks and valleys of narcissism: The factor structure of narcissistic states and their relations to trait measures.

    Rogoza, Radosław / Krammer, Georg / Jauk, Emanuel / Flakus, Maria / Baran, Lidia / Di Sarno, Marco / Di Pierro, Rossella / Zajenkowski, Marcin / Dufner, Michael / Fatfouta, Ramzi

    Psychological assessment

    2024  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 147–161

    Abstract: Although interindividual differences in narcissism are well studied, little is known about assessing narcissism at the within-person level. To fill this research gap, we investigated whether the narcissism construct is represented in the same way at the ... ...

    Abstract Although interindividual differences in narcissism are well studied, little is known about assessing narcissism at the within-person level. To fill this research gap, we investigated whether the narcissism construct is represented in the same way at the between- and within-person levels. We analyzed four established narcissism measures across multiple studies. In each of the studies, participants completed narcissism measures in ecological momentary assessment or daily diary studies. Equivalent construct representation across between- and within-person narcissism (i.e., cross-level measurement invariance) was found. State narcissism measures showed convergent validities for the trait narcissism scales. Moreover, we also found that antagonistic narcissism was most strongly related to within-person variability in narcissism. Our investigation sheds new light on the structure and assessment of narcissism on the within-person level by providing a comprehensive examination of its measurement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Narcissism ; Databases, Factual ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; Phenotype
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1000939-5
    ISSN 1939-134X ; 1040-3590
    ISSN (online) 1939-134X
    ISSN 1040-3590
    DOI 10.1037/pas0001295
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