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  1. Article ; Online: Roles of the gut microbiome in weight management.

    Carmody, Rachel N / Bisanz, Jordan E

    Nature reviews. Microbiology

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 8, Page(s) 535–550

    Abstract: Overweight, obesity, undernutrition and their respective sequelae have devastating tolls on personal and public health worldwide. Traditional approaches for treating these conditions with diet, exercise, drugs and/or surgery have shown varying degrees of ...

    Abstract Overweight, obesity, undernutrition and their respective sequelae have devastating tolls on personal and public health worldwide. Traditional approaches for treating these conditions with diet, exercise, drugs and/or surgery have shown varying degrees of success, creating an urgent need for new solutions with long-term efficacy. Owing to transformative advances in sequencing, bioinformatics and gnotobiotic experimentation, we now understand that the gut microbiome profoundly impacts energy balance through diverse mechanisms affecting both sides of the energy balance equation. Our growing knowledge of microbial contributions to energy metabolism highlights new opportunities for weight management, including the microbiome-aware improvement of existing tools and novel microbiome-targeted therapies. In this Review, we synthesize current knowledge concerning the bidirectional influences between the gut microbiome and existing weight management strategies, including behaviour-based and clinical approaches, and incorporate a subject-level meta-analysis contrasting the effects of weight management strategies on microbiota composition. We consider how emerging understanding of the gut microbiome alters our prospects for weight management and the challenges that must be overcome for microbiome-focused solutions to achieve success.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Obesity/therapy ; Diet ; Microbiota ; Energy Metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2139054-X
    ISSN 1740-1534 ; 1740-1526
    ISSN (online) 1740-1534
    ISSN 1740-1526
    DOI 10.1038/s41579-023-00888-0
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    Zs.A 5865: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: Comorbidities and covid-19.

    Adab, Peymané / Haroon, Shamil / O'Hara, Margaret E / Jordan, Rachel E

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2022  Volume 377, Page(s) o1431

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.o1431
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  3. Article ; Online: An urgent need for capacity building towards establishment of drug allergy management systems in the Indian sub-continent.

    Krishna, Mamidipudi Thirumala / Liyanage, Guwani / Shrestha, Rajeev / Jordan, Rachel E / Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas

    The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia

    2023  Volume 20, Page(s) 100320

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2772-3682
    ISSN (online) 2772-3682
    DOI 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100320
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  4. Article ; Online: Who is most likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2?

    Jordan, Rachel E / Adab, Peymane

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 995–996

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Primary Health Care ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30395-9
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    Zs.A 5743: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Medical Malpractice Cases Involving Medical Students.

    Pollock, Jordan R / Shappell, Eric / Sandefur, Benjamin J / Moore, M Lane / Lindor, Rachel A

    Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

    2024  

    Abstract: ... of occurrence (i.e., number and percentage), and continuous data were summarized with means, medians, and ranges ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study uses a large national legal database to analyze characteristics of malpractice claims involving U.S. medical students.
    Method: The Westlaw database was searched in September 2023 for malpractice cases involving medical students from January 1, 1900, through September 1, 2023. Each case was independently reviewed by 2 authors, abstracting each variable. Categorical data were summarized as frequency of occurrence (i.e., number and percentage), and continuous data were summarized with means, medians, and ranges. All authors independently reviewed the dataset to identify potential themes and codes.
    Results: There were 65 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Reported patient outcomes were death (19, 29%), pain (25, 38%), and disability (36, 55%). The most common specialties involved were emergency medicine (16, 25%), general surgery (14, 22%), and obstetrics and gynecology (13, 20%). The most common primary alleged errors attributed to students related to medical decision-making (30, 46%), procedural complication (24, 37%), and poor communication (11, 17%). Among 23 (35%) cases reporting year of training, 1 (4%) included a second-year student, 13 (57%) included third-year students, and 9 (39%) included fourth-year students. Of the 65 lawsuits, 28 (43%) resulted in a settlement or verdict against the medical student. The total amount paid in these cases was $78,192,612, with a mean (median) of $3,007,408 ($1,050,000) per case. Of these 28 cases, 14 (50%) cited minimal or no physician supervision.
    Conclusions: Medical malpractice claims involving medical students are rare but commonly relate to medical decision-making, procedural complication, and poor communication, with a lack of supervision being frequently cited. These results can be used to guide students and supervising physicians on how to avoid scenarios that may increase vulnerability to medical malpractice lawsuits.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 96192-9
    ISSN 1938-808X ; 1040-2446
    ISSN (online) 1938-808X
    ISSN 1040-2446
    DOI 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005746
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    Zs.A 112: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Young children apply the homophily principle to their reasoning about social relationships.

    King, Rachel Ann / Jordan, Ashley E / Liberman, Zoe / Kinzler, Katherine D / Shutts, Kristin

    Developmental psychology

    2023  Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) 928–939

    Abstract: People who are in close relationships tend to do and like the same things, a phenomenon termed the "homophily principle." The present research probed for evidence of the homophily principle in 4- to 6-year-old children. Across two experiments, ... ...

    Abstract People who are in close relationships tend to do and like the same things, a phenomenon termed the "homophily principle." The present research probed for evidence of the homophily principle in 4- to 6-year-old children. Across two experiments, participants (
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Interpersonal Relations ; Problem Solving ; Child Development ; Emotions ; Midwestern United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2066223-3
    ISSN 1939-0599 ; 0012-1649
    ISSN (online) 1939-0599
    ISSN 0012-1649
    DOI 10.1037/dev0001517
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  7. Article ; Online: A brief young adult alcohol problems screening test: Short form development using combinatorics.

    Bowns, Rachel / Loeffelman, Jordan E / Steinley, Douglas / Sher, Kenneth J

    Journal of American college health : J of ACH

    2022  , Page(s) 1–7

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Objective
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604907-2
    ISSN 1940-3208 ; 0744-8481
    ISSN (online) 1940-3208
    ISSN 0744-8481
    DOI 10.1080/07448481.2022.2095870
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    Zs.A 427: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Referral; Adherence; and Uptake of Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

    Watson, Jane S / Jordan, Rachel E / Gardiner, Lucy / Adab, Peymane / Jolly, Kate

    International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

    2023  Volume 18, Page(s) 1637–1654

    Abstract: Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, referral, uptake, and adherence remain low.: Objective: To determine effectiveness of interventions to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, referral, uptake, and adherence remain low.
    Objective: To determine effectiveness of interventions to increase patient referral, uptake, and adherence to PR programs for patients with COPD.
    Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials, pre-post studies, and uncontrolled studies were sought from 7 databases and 3 clinical trial registries, to end August 2021. Full articles/conference abstracts were included if a coordinated set of activities was targeted to healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for COPD patients, adults with COPD or their carers, to increase referral, uptake or adherence to any type of PR program. Two review authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, extracted data and critically appraised studies using standard risk of bias tools.
    Results: From 11,272 records, 30 studies (23 full-text; 7 abstracts) met inclusion criteria: study interventions and designs were varied and generally low quality, targeting patients (n=13), HCPs (n=14) or both (n=3 studies). A CCT of patient held evidence score cards increased referral by 7.3% compared to 1.3% for usual care (p-0.03). A cluster RCT involving COPD nurse home visits with individualized care plans increased uptake to 31% compared to 10% in usual care (p=0.002). For people with anxiety or depression, one RCT of cognitive behavioral therapy alongside PR increased adherence (mean sessions 14.0 (sd 1.7) compared to 12.4 (sd 2.6)).
    Conclusion: Although a small number of studies, the weight of evidence suggested that interventions incorporating partnership working between patients and HCPs appeared to increase referral, uptake, and adherence with greater effectiveness than those targeting single populations. Increasing knowledge and empowering HCPs and patients may be important strategies. Concerns about study design and risk of bias suggest clear need for well-designed trials of interventions to report full pathway outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Quality of Life ; Referral and Consultation ; Clinical Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-31
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2212419-6
    ISSN 1178-2005 ; 1176-9106
    ISSN (online) 1178-2005
    ISSN 1176-9106
    DOI 10.2147/COPD.S396317
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  10. Article ; Online: Screening tools for work-related asthma and their diagnostic accuracy: a systematic review protocol.

    Kongsupon, Ngamjit / Walters, Gareth I / Adab, Peymané / Jordan, Rachel E

    BMJ open

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e058054

    Abstract: Introduction: Work-related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma caused by exposures at work (occupational asthma) and asthma made worse by work conditions (work-exacerbated asthma). WRA is common among working-age adults with asthma and impacts individual ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Work-related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma caused by exposures at work (occupational asthma) and asthma made worse by work conditions (work-exacerbated asthma). WRA is common among working-age adults with asthma and impacts individual health, work-life and income but is often not detected by healthcare services. Earlier identification can lead to better health and employment outcomes. However, the optimal tool for screening and its effectiveness in practice is not well established. Screening tools may include whole questionnaires, questionnaire items, physiological measurements and/or immunological tests. Since the publication of the most contemporary WRA or occupational asthma-specific guidelines, further studies evaluating tools for identifying WRA have been performed. Our systematic review aims to summarise and compare the performance of screening tools for identifying WRA in both clinical and workplace settings.
    Methods and analysis: We will conduct a systematic review of observational and experimental studies (1975-2021) using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CDSR, DARE, HTA, CISDOC databases and grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies using predetermined criteria, extract data according to a schedule and assess study quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy 2 tool. Screening tools and test accuracy measures will be summarised. Paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curves of sensitivities and specificities will be evaluated for heterogeneity between studies, using subgroup analyses, where possible. If the studies are sufficiently homogenous, we will use a bivariate random effect model for meta-analysis. A narrative summary and interpretation will be provided if meta-analysis is not appropriate.
    Ethics and dissemination: As this is a systematic review and does not involve primary data collection, formal ethical review is not required. We will disseminate our findings through open access peer-reviewed publication as well as through other academic and social media.
    Prospero registration number: CRD42021246031.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Asthma, Occupational/diagnosis ; Health Services ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Research Design ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Workplace
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058054
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