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  1. Article: Pertussis: Identification, Prevention and Control.

    Stefanelli, Paola

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2019  Volume 1183, Page(s) 127–136

    Abstract: Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. Despite the high vaccination coverage among children, pertussis is considered a re-emerging disease for which identification, prevention and control strategies need to be improved. To control pertussis it is ... ...

    Abstract Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. Despite the high vaccination coverage among children, pertussis is considered a re-emerging disease for which identification, prevention and control strategies need to be improved. To control pertussis it is important to maintain a high vaccination coverage to protect the age groups considered at high risk for the disease. Laboratory confirmation of Bordetella pertussis infection together with a differential diagnostic test for other Bordetellae are prerequisite for a correct and timely diagnosis of pertussis. Moreover, investigations of antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing may permit to monitor the circulation of antimicrobials resistant and/or vaccine-escape strains. Finally, the preventive framework should no longer consider pertussis exclusively as a childhood infectious disease, since adults may play a role in transmission events.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bordetella pertussis/genetics ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology ; Bordetella pertussis/isolation & purification ; Child ; Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Vaccination/methods ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Whooping Cough/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Pertussis Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
    ISSN (online) 2214-8019
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/5584_2019_408
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies and Their Adaptation to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

    Stefanelli, Paola / Rezza, Giovanni

    Vaccines

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 6

    Abstract: About one year after the identification of the first cases of pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 started to be approved for emergency use or authorized for early or limited use. The rapid ... ...

    Abstract About one year after the identification of the first cases of pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 started to be approved for emergency use or authorized for early or limited use. The rapid development of effective vaccines based on different technological platforms represents an unprecedented success for vaccinology, providing a unique opportunity for a successful public health intervention. However, it is widely known that only a limited number of vaccine doses are usually available at the beginning of vaccination campaigns against an emerging virus; in this phase, protecting health care workers and reducing mortality rates is the priority. When a larger number of vaccines become available, the identification of the drivers of virus circulation coupled with the use of transmission blocking vaccines are key to achieve epidemic control through population immunity. However, as we learned during the vaccination campaigns against the pandemic coronavirus, several factors may hamper this process. Thus, flexible plans are required to obtain the best sustainable result with available tools, modulating vaccination strategies in accordance with improved scientific knowledge, and taking into account the duration of protective immune response, virus evolution, and changing epidemic dynamics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-06
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines10060905
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Human mpox: global trends, molecular epidemiology and options for vaccination.

    Subissi, Lorenzo / Stefanelli, Paola / Rezza, Giovanni

    Pathogens and global health

    2023  Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–32

    Abstract: The eradication of smallpox and the cessation of vaccination have led to the growth of the susceptible human population to poxviruses. This has led to the increasing detection of zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Among those viruses, monkeypox virus (MPV) is the ...

    Abstract The eradication of smallpox and the cessation of vaccination have led to the growth of the susceptible human population to poxviruses. This has led to the increasing detection of zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Among those viruses, monkeypox virus (MPV) is the most commonly detected in Western and Central African regions. Since 2022, MPV is causing local transmission in newly affected countries all over the world. While the virus causing the current outbreak remains part of clade II (historically referred to as West African clade), it has a significant number of mutations as compared to other clade II sequences and is therefore referred to as clade IIb. It remains unclear whether those mutations may have caused a change in the virus phenotype. Vaccine effectiveness data show evidence of a high cross-protection of vaccines designed to prevent smallpox against mpox. These vaccines therefore represent a great opportunity to control human-to-human transmission, provided that their availability has short time-frames and that mistakes from the recent past (vaccine inequity) will not be reiterated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Smallpox/epidemiology ; Smallpox/prevention & control ; Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology ; Mpox (monkeypox)/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Monkeypox virus ; Vaccines
    Chemical Substances Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2625162-0
    ISSN 2047-7732 ; 2047-7724
    ISSN (online) 2047-7732
    ISSN 2047-7724
    DOI 10.1080/20477724.2023.2258641
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies and Their Adaptation to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

    Paola Stefanelli / Giovanni Rezza

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 905, p

    2022  Volume 905

    Abstract: About one year after the identification of the first cases of pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 started to be approved for emergency use or authorized for early or limited use. The rapid ... ...

    Abstract About one year after the identification of the first cases of pneumonia due to a novel coronavirus in Wuhan, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 started to be approved for emergency use or authorized for early or limited use. The rapid development of effective vaccines based on different technological platforms represents an unprecedented success for vaccinology, providing a unique opportunity for a successful public health intervention. However, it is widely known that only a limited number of vaccine doses are usually available at the beginning of vaccination campaigns against an emerging virus; in this phase, protecting health care workers and reducing mortality rates is the priority. When a larger number of vaccines become available, the identification of the drivers of virus circulation coupled with the use of transmission blocking vaccines are key to achieve epidemic control through population immunity. However, as we learned during the vaccination campaigns against the pandemic coronavirus, several factors may hamper this process. Thus, flexible plans are required to obtain the best sustainable result with available tools, modulating vaccination strategies in accordance with improved scientific knowledge, and taking into account the duration of protective immune response, virus evolution, and changing epidemic dynamics.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; vaccines ; vaccination strategies ; variants ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genotyping of

    Vacca, Paola / Fazio, Cecilia / Neri, Arianna / Ambrosio, Luigina / Carannante, Anna / Lista, Florigio / Fillo, Silvia / Ciammaruconi, Andrea / Fortunato, Antonella / Stefanelli, Paola

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2024  Volume 14, Page(s) 1272123

    Abstract: Background: In Italy the introduction of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in 2005 has led to a significant reduction of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by : Methods: Bacterial isolates and biological samples (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) ...

    Abstract Background: In Italy the introduction of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in 2005 has led to a significant reduction of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by
    Methods: Bacterial isolates and biological samples (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) from invasive meningococcal cases are collected and characterized at the National Reference Laboratory for IMD of Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by MIC Test Strip Method and interpreted according to the EUCAST breakpoints guideline. Genotypic characteristics, including multi locus sequence typing (MLST), finetype, and antimicrobial resistance target genes were performed and analyzed using the PubMLST database. Genomic comparison of core genome MLST (cgMLST) of MenC genomes was also carried out.
    Results: From 2000 to 2020, a total of 665 MenC isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and 301 for genotyping. Over two decades, almost all MenC isolates resulted susceptible to antimicrobials with few isolates resulting resistant to ciprofloxacin (
    Conclusion: Wider application of the genomic analysis and monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility represent key aspects of IMD surveillance and to monitor the continued evolution of these hyperinvasive strains.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272123
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Typing of Invasive

    Giufrè, Maria / Cardines, Rita / Marra, Manuela / Carollo, Maria / Cerquetti, Marina / Stefanelli, Paola

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: Haemophilus ... ...

    Abstract Haemophilus influenzae
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11020315
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  7. Article ; Online: FHbp variants among meningococci of serogroup B in Italy: Evolution and selective pressure, 2014-2017.

    Lo Presti, Alessandra / Carannante, Anna / Fazio, Cecilia / Neri, Arianna / Vacca, Paola / Ambrosio, Luigina / Lista, Florigio / Fillo, Silvia / Stefanelli, Paola

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e0277976

    Abstract: Background: Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Meningococcus of serogroup B (MenB) is one of the main serogroup causing IMD. MenB strains may be prevented by meningococcal B vaccines. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Meningococcus of serogroup B (MenB) is one of the main serogroup causing IMD. MenB strains may be prevented by meningococcal B vaccines. In particular, vaccines with Factor H-binding protein (FHbp), classified into two subfamilies (A or B) or in three variants (v1, v2 or v3), are those available. The objective of the study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of FHbp subfamilies A and B (variants v1, v2 or v3) genes and proteins, together with their evolution patterns and selective pressure.
    Materials and methods: Overall, alignments of FHbp nucleotide and protein sequence from 155 MenB samples collected in different parts of Italy, from 2014 to 2017, were analyzed by ClustalW. JModeltest and the Smart Model Selection software were used for the statistical selection of the best-fit substitution models for nucleotide and protein alignments. Site-specific positive and negative selection were estimated through the HYPHY package. The phylogenetic signal was investigated with the likelihood mapping method. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic reconstructions were performed with Phyml.
    Results: The phylogenic analysis identified different clusters within the FHbp subfamily A and B variants, confirming sequence diversity. The pattern of selective pressure in our study indicated that subfamily B FHbp sequences are subjected to greater variations and positive selective pressure respect to subfamily A, with 16 positively supported selected sites identified.
    Conclusion: The study pointed out the need for continued genomic surveillance for meningococci to monitor selective pressure and amino acidic changes. Monitoring the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of FHbp variants may be useful to investigate genetic diversity which may emerge over time.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neisseria meningitidis/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Antigens, Bacterial/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Complement Factor H/genetics ; Serogroup ; Phylogeny ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/genetics ; Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Meningococcal Infections/genetics ; Meningococcal Vaccines ; Italy
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Carrier Proteins ; Complement Factor H (80295-65-4) ; Meningococcal Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0277976
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  8. Article ; Online: Evaluating the effect of targeted strategies as control tools for hypervirulent meningococcal C outbreaks: a case study from Tuscany, Italy, 2015 to 2016.

    Guzzetta, Giorgio / Ajelli, Marco / Miglietta, Alessandro / Fazio, Cecilia / Neri, Arianna / Merler, Stefano / Rezza, Giovanni / Stefanelli, Paola

    Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 19

    Abstract: BackgroundMeningococcus ( ...

    Abstract BackgroundMeningococcus (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Italy/epidemiology ; Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Meningococcal Infections/microbiology ; Meningococcal Vaccines ; Neisseria meningitidis ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C
    Chemical Substances Meningococcal Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-11
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1338803-4
    ISSN 1560-7917 ; 1025-496X
    ISSN (online) 1560-7917
    ISSN 1025-496X
    DOI 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.19.2200650
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  9. Article ; Online: Did social distancing measures deployed for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 control have an impact on invasive meningococcal disease?

    Stefanelli, Paola / Fazio, Cecilia / Vacca, Paola / Neri, Arianna / Ambrosio, Luigina / Rezza, Giovanni

    Pathogens and global health

    2021  Volume 116, Issue 4, Page(s) 263–265

    Abstract: We investigated the impact of social distancing measures, used to contain or mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread, on the transmission of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Italy. To this end, the temporal correlation between the implementation of lockdown ... ...

    Abstract We investigated the impact of social distancing measures, used to contain or mitigate SARS-CoV-2 spread, on the transmission of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Italy. To this end, the temporal correlation between the implementation of lockdown measures in 2020 and IMD incidence was evaluated. A dramatic decline of IMD incidence was observed, suggesting that the measures applied to contain SARS-CoV-2 in Italy affected other infectious diseases transmitted through direct contact and droplets, at least in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2625162-0
    ISSN 2047-7732 ; 2047-7724
    ISSN (online) 2047-7732
    ISSN 2047-7724
    DOI 10.1080/20477724.2021.1995657
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Ud II Zs.196: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article: Selective pressure on SARS-CoV-2 protein coding genes and glycosylation site prediction.

    Lo Presti, Alessandra / Rezza, Giovanni / Stefanelli, Paola

    Heliyon

    2020  Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) e05001

    Abstract: Background: An outbreak of a febrile respiratory illness due to the newly discovered Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was initially detected in mid-December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province (China). The virus then spread to most countries in the world. ...

    Abstract Background: An outbreak of a febrile respiratory illness due to the newly discovered Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was initially detected in mid-December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province (China). The virus then spread to most countries in the world. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 may acquire mutations that may be fixed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selective pressure acting on SARS-CoV-2 protein coding genes.
    Methods: Mutations and glycosylation site prediction were analyzed in SARS-CoV-2 genomes (from 464 to 477 sequences).
    Results: Selective pressure on
    Conclusion: Overall, the data showed positive pressure and mutations acting on specific protein coding genes. These findings may provide useful information on: i) markers for vaccine design, ii) new therapeutic approach, iii) information to implement mutagenesis experiments to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. The negative selection identified in SARS-CoV-2 protein coding genes may help the identification of highly conserved regions useful to implement new future diagnostic protocols.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05001
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