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  1. Article ; Online: Exploring the role of neutrophils in infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disorders.

    Arora, Alisha / Singh, Archana

    International reviews of immunology

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–61

    Abstract: With the change in global environment, respiratory disorders are becoming more threatening to the health of people all over the world. These diseases are closely linked to performance of immune system. Within the innate arm of immune system, Neutrophils ... ...

    Abstract With the change in global environment, respiratory disorders are becoming more threatening to the health of people all over the world. These diseases are closely linked to performance of immune system. Within the innate arm of immune system, Neutrophils are an important moiety to serve as an immune defense barrier. They are one of the first cells recruited to the site of infection and plays a critical role in pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases. It is established that the migration and activation of neutrophils can lead to inflammation either directly or indirectly and this inflammation caused is very crucial for the clearance of pathogens and resolution of infection. However, the immunopathological mechanisms involved to carry out the same is very complex and not well understood. Despite there being studies concentrating on the role of neutrophils in multiple respiratory diseases, there is still a long way to go in order to completely understand the complexity of the participation of neutrophils and mechanisms involved in the development of these respiratory diseases. In the present article, we have reviewed the literature to comprehensively provide an insight in the current development and advancements about the role of neutrophils in infectious respiratory disorders including viral respiratory disorders such as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and bacterial pulmonary disorders with a focused review on pulmonary tuberculosis as well as in noninfectious disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Also, future directions into research and therapeutic targets have been discussed for further exploration.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neutrophils ; Immunity, Innate ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology ; Inflammation ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632825-8
    ISSN 1563-5244 ; 1545-5858 ; 0883-0185
    ISSN (online) 1563-5244 ; 1545-5858
    ISSN 0883-0185
    DOI 10.1080/08830185.2023.2222769
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The utility of ultrasonographic surveillance in management of a presumed branchial cleft cyst later confirmed HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.

    Ferraro, Tatiana / Pershad, Alisha R / Arora, Shaleen / Lee, Esther / Joshi, Arjun

    Oral oncology

    2024  Volume 151, Page(s) 106743

    Abstract: While branchial cleft cysts are often considered benign pathologies, the literature discusses cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from these cystic lesions as either a primary or metastatic tumor. We illustrate our institutional experience and ...

    Abstract While branchial cleft cysts are often considered benign pathologies, the literature discusses cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from these cystic lesions as either a primary or metastatic tumor. We illustrate our institutional experience and review the current literature to identify recommendations for best diagnostic, surveillance, and treatment guidelines for SCC identified in a branchial cleft cyst. A 61-year-old male presented with a right sided neck mass, with suspicion of a branchial cleft cyst due to benign findings on fine needle aspiration. Following surgical excision, a focus of SCC was found on surgical pathology. Despite PET/CT and flexible laryngoscopy, no primary tumor was identified prompting routine surveillance every 3 months with cervical ultrasonography and flexible nasolaryngoscopy. Two and a half years following his initial presentation, pathologic right level II lymphadenopathy was detected on ultrasound without evidence of primary tumor. Subsequent transoral robotic surgery with right tonsillectomy and partial pharyngectomy, with right lateral neck dissection revealed a diagnosis of pT1N1 HPV-HNSCC and he was referred for adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. To our knowledge there are less than 10 cases of confirmed HPV-associated oropharyngeal SCC arising from a branchial cleft cyst. Here we demonstrate the utility of ultrasound as a surveillance tool and emphasize a higher index of suspicion for carcinoma in adult patients with cystic neck masses.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Branchioma/diagnostic imaging ; Branchioma/surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 1120465-5
    ISSN 1879-0593 ; 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    ISSN (online) 1879-0593
    ISSN 0964-1955 ; 1368-8375
    DOI 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The neuropsychological impact of E-learning on children.

    Jha, Amrit Kumar / Arora, Alisha

    Asian journal of psychiatry

    2020  Volume 54, Page(s) 102306

    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; Child Development ; Education, Distance ; Humans ; Learning ; Neuronal Plasticity
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2456678-0
    ISSN 1876-2026 ; 1876-2018
    ISSN (online) 1876-2026
    ISSN 1876-2018
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102306
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hyperglycemia modulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization in chronic diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection.

    Panda, Sudhasini / Arora, Alisha / Luthra, Kalpana / Mohan, Anant / Vikram, Naval K / Kumar Gupta, Neeraj / Singh, Archana

    Immunobiology

    2024  Volume 229, Issue 2, Page(s) 152787

    Abstract: Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections like tuberculosis (TB) is one of the complications of type 2 diabetes, however the underlying mechanisms remains poorly characterized. To explore how chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes affects progression ... ...

    Abstract Increased susceptibility to bacterial infections like tuberculosis (TB) is one of the complications of type 2 diabetes, however the underlying mechanisms remains poorly characterized. To explore how chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes affects progression of active TB, we examined mRNA expression of M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) cytokines/markers, in monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from patients with PTB + DM (pulmonary TB + diabetes mellitus type 2), patients with DM alone, patients with PTB alone, and healthy individuals (controls). Our findings indicate a dysregulated cytokine response in patients with both PTB and DM, characterized by decreased expression levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), along with increased expression levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and CD206. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation of IL-1β and CD206 expression with levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in both PTB + DM and DM groups, while IFN-γ showed a positive correlation with HbA1c levels, specifically in the PTB + DM group. Additionally, M1 cytokines/markers, IL-1β and iNOS were found to be significantly associated with the extent of sputum positivity in both PTB and PTB + DM groups, suggesting it to be a function of increased bacterial load and hence severity of infection. Our data demonstrates that tuberculosis in individuals with PTB + DM is characterized by altered M1/M2 cytokine responses, indicating that chronic inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes may contribute to increased immune pathology and inadequate control of tuberculosis infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Glycated Hemoglobin ; Hyperglycemia ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications ; Macrophages ; Cytokines ; Interferon-gamma/genetics
    Chemical Substances Glycated Hemoglobin ; Cytokines ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 563292-4
    ISSN 1878-3279 ; 0171-2985
    ISSN (online) 1878-3279
    ISSN 0171-2985
    DOI 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152787
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in India: Role of psychological capital and internal locus of control.

    Alat, Priya / Das, Sitanshu Sekhar / Arora, Alisha / Jha, Amrit Kumar

    Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 1923–1935

    Abstract: The Government of India implemented a nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020 in response to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This study examines the effects of two positive psychological resources on the mental health of Indian citizens ... ...

    Abstract The Government of India implemented a nationwide lockdown from March 24, 2020 in response to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. This study examines the effects of two positive psychological resources on the mental health of Indian citizens during the early days of the lockdown. The effects of psychological capital (PsyCap) and internal locus of control on psychological distress of people via affect balance were tested. Data were collected through an online survey from 667 participants. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12, and affect balance was assessed as the preponderance of positive over negative affect. Results reveal that psychological capital and internal locus of control were negatively associated with psychological distress. In addition, affect balance mediated the relationship between psychological capital and psychological distress and the relationship between internal locus of control and psychological distress. Thus, both the psychological resources through affect balance acted as buffers protecting people from mental health deterioration during COVID-19 lockdown. However, the direct and indirect effects of psychological capital on psychological distress is stronger than that of internal locus of control. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2021598-8
    ISSN 1936-4733 ; 1046-1310
    ISSN (online) 1936-4733
    ISSN 1046-1310
    DOI 10.1007/s12144-021-01516-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Understanding coronaphobia.

    Arora, Alisha / Jha, Amrit Kumar / Alat, Priya / Das, Sitanshu Sekhar

    Asian journal of psychiatry

    2020  Volume 54, Page(s) 102384

    Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to being a global health emergency, has multiple socioeconomic and psychological ramifications. COVID-19 research and media reports have revealed a rise in fears related to contracting the virus. Though fear is a common ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to being a global health emergency, has multiple socioeconomic and psychological ramifications. COVID-19 research and media reports have revealed a rise in fears related to contracting the virus. Though fear is a common psychological outcome during pandemics, the COVID-19 pandemic is a continuously evolving disease outbreak and has unique risk factors. Therefore, fear related to COVID-19 might manifest in not only fear and anxiety related to disease contraction and dying, but also associated sociooccupational stress. We attempt to understand the psychosocial process of the development of coronaphobia and postulate what constitutes coronaphobia, a new emerging phobia specific to COVID-19. We present a conceptual model delineating the risk factors causing coronaphobia and the underlying mechanisms, for a better understanding of its developmental process. From review of relevant research, the factors identified are, an unforeseen reality, unending uncertainties, need of acquiring new practices and avoidance behavior, loss of faith in health infrastructure, contraction of COVID-19 by head of states, cautionary statements from international bodies, and infodemia. These factors are assumed to cause interference with routine life, catastrophizing interpretation of benign symptoms, and social amplification of risk which lead to coronaphobia. The conceptualization of coronaphobia and the model will aid future research in developing psychometric measure of coronaphobia for use in clinical and research settings and design of policies and interventions for mitigating risk factors.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety/psychology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Fear/psychology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Uncertainty
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2456678-0
    ISSN 1876-2026 ; 1876-2018
    ISSN (online) 1876-2026
    ISSN 1876-2018
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Beyond the smiley face: applications of structural DNA nanotechnology.

    Arora, Aakriti Alisha / de Silva, Chamaree

    Nano reviews & experiments

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 1430976

    Abstract: Since the development of DNA origami by Paul Rothemund in 2006, the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has undergone tremendous growth. Through DNA origami and related approaches, self-assembly of specified DNA sequences allows for the 'bottom-up' ... ...

    Abstract Since the development of DNA origami by Paul Rothemund in 2006, the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has undergone tremendous growth. Through DNA origami and related approaches, self-assembly of specified DNA sequences allows for the 'bottom-up' construction of diverse nanostructures. By utilizing different sets of small 'staple' DNA strands to direct the folding of a long scaffold strand in diverse ways, DNA origami has particularly been incorporated into a variety of prototypical applications beyond the two-dimensional (2D) smiley face. In this review, the basis of DNA nanotechnology, methods of self-assembly, and Rothemund's DNA origami breakthrough are discussed first. Next, some of the most promising applications of structural DNA nanotechnology since 2006 are summarized. These include utilizing DNA origami as a tool for creating 3D nanostructures (including DNA bricks), as well as structural (ligand capsid binding, viral capsid binding, DNA NanoOctahedron, DNA mold, photonic devices, energy transfer units), and dynamic (DNA box-with-lid, DNA nano-robot, DNA barges, amphipathic DNA structures, DNA nanocircuits) applications of DNA origami.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2002-2727
    ISSN (online) 2002-2727
    DOI 10.1080/20022727.2018.1430976
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Validity of Mobile-Based Technology vs Direct Observation in Measuring Number of Steps and Distance Walked in 6 Minutes.

    Poojary, Joshita / Arora, Esha / Britto, Alisha / Polen, Zahra / Arena, Ross / Babu, Abraham Samuel

    Mayo Clinic proceedings

    2018  Volume 93, Issue 12, Page(s) 1873–1874

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Fitness Trackers ; Humans ; Male ; Mobile Applications ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Walk Test/methods ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 124027-4
    ISSN 1942-5546 ; 0025-6196
    ISSN (online) 1942-5546
    ISSN 0025-6196
    DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Chronic hyperglycemia drives alterations in macrophage effector function in pulmonary tuberculosis.

    Panda, Sudhasini / Seelan, Diravya M / Faisal, Shah / Arora, Alisha / Luthra, Kalpana / Palanichamy, Jayanth Kumar / Mohan, Anant / Vikram, Naval K / Gupta, Neeraj Kumar / Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy / Singh, Archana

    European journal of immunology

    2022  Volume 52, Issue 10, Page(s) 1595–1609

    Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters immune responses and given the rising prevalence of DM in tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries; hyperglycemia can be a potential risk factor for active TB development. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on TB-specific ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters immune responses and given the rising prevalence of DM in tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries; hyperglycemia can be a potential risk factor for active TB development. However, the impact of hyperglycemia on TB-specific innate immune response in terms of macrophage functions remains poorly addressed. We assessed macrophage effector functions in uncontrolled DM patients with or without TB infection (PTB+DM and DM), non-diabetic TB patients (PTB), and non-diabetic-uninfected controls. Phagocytic capacity against BCG and surface expression of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (CD11b, CD14, CD206, MARCO, and TLR-2) were measured via flow cytometry. Effector molecules (ROS and NO) required for bacterial killing were assessed via DCFDA and Griess reaction respectively. A systematic dysregulation in phagocytic capacity with concurrent alterations in the expression pattern of key PRRs (CD11b, MARCO, and CD206) was observed in PTB+DM. These altered PRR expressions were associated with decreased phagocytic capacity of macrophages. Similarly, ROS was aberrantly higher while NO was lower in PTB+DM. These altered macrophage functions were positively correlated with increasing disease severity. Our results highlight several key patterns of immune dysregulation against TB infection under hyperglycemic conditions and highlight a negative impact of hyperglycemia with etiology and progression of TB.
    MeSH term(s) BCG Vaccine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/complications ; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology ; Macrophages ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
    Chemical Substances BCG Vaccine ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Toll-Like Receptor 2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120108-6
    ISSN 1521-4141 ; 0014-2980
    ISSN (online) 1521-4141
    ISSN 0014-2980
    DOI 10.1002/eji.202249839
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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