Abstract |
Objective: To perform a prospective genetic investigation using whole exome sequencing of a group of patients with syndromic short stature born small for gestational age of unknown cause. Study design: For whole exome sequencing analysis, we selected 44 children born small for gestational age with persistent short stature, and additional features, such as dysmorphic face, major malformation, developmental delay, and/or intellectual disability. Seven patients had negative candidate gene testing based on clinical suspicion and 37 patients had syndromic conditions of unknown etiology. Results: Of the 44 patients, 15 (34%) had pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in genes already associated with growth disturbance: COL2A1 (n = 2), SRCAP (n = 2), AFF4, ACTG1, ANKRD11, BCL11B, BRCA1, CDKN1C, GINS1, INPP5K, KIF11, KMT2A, and POC1A (n = 1 each). Most of the genes found to be deleterious participate in fundamental cellular processes, such as cell replication and DNA repair. Conclusions: The rarity and heterogeneity of syndromic short stature make the clinical diagnosis difficult. Whole exome sequencing allows the diagnosis of previously undiagnosed patients with syndromic short stature. |
MeSH term(s) |
Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics ; Actins/genetics ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Child ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Dwarfism/genetics ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Kinesin/genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Whole Exome Sequencing |
Chemical Substances |
ACTG1 protein, human ; AFF4 protein, human ; ANKRD11 protein, human ; Actins ; BCL11B protein, human ; CDKN1C protein, human ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; GINS1 protein, human ; KIF11 protein, human ; KMT2A protein, human ; POC1A protein, human ; Repressor Proteins ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein (149025-06-9) ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.43) ; BRAP protein, human (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; INPPL1 protein, human (EC 3.1.3.86) ; Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.86) ; Adenosine Triphosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-) ; SRCAP protein, human (EC 3.6.4.-) ; Kinesin (EC 3.6.4.4) |
Language |
English |
Publishing date |
2019-10-17 |
Publishing country |
United States |
Document type |
Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
ZDB-ID |
3102-1 |
ISSN |
1097-6833 ; 0022-3476 |
ISSN (online) |
1097-6833 |
ISSN |
0022-3476 |
DOI |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.08.024 |
Database |
MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |