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Article ; Online: A major outbreak of COVID-19 at aresidential care home.

Andersen, Christian Østergaard / Buch, Ivana / Castruita, José Alfredo Samaniego / Jacobsen, Nana Gry / Jensen, Christel Barker / Westh, Henrik / Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Pedersen, Martin Schou / Schønning, Kristian / Pinholt, Mette

Danish medical journal

2021 Volume 68, Issue 10

Abstract: Introduction SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks at care homes are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of a major care home outbreak in Denmark. Methods After a staff member had been tested positive on 16 ... ...

Abstract	Introduction SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks at care homes are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to study the molecular epidemiology of a major care home outbreak in Denmark. Methods After a staff member had been tested positive on 16 November 2020, a bundle approach programme was initiated including frequent surveillance screenings of residents and staff, isolation and cohorting procedures. This approach also involved limiting the number of visitors and enhancing the use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning. Naso/oropharyngeal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction. Available positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic relationships between the outbreak and local circulating strains were reconstructed. Results In all, 50% (56/114) of residents and 26% (49/190) of staff members became infected during the 46-day outbreak period. Altogether 16% of the infected residents died within 30 days after becoming infected. A total of 44% (46/105) of the samples with SARS-CoV-2 were sequenced. and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a dominant outbreak lineage belonging to Global Lineage B.1.1.29 containing the mutation I233V in the S gene. The outbreak lineage was detected in the community 28 days before its introduction into the care home. Conclusions Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 to care homes is associated with severe outbreaks. Initiation of a bundle approach infection control programme in addition to measures ensuring enhanced herd immunity were successful in controlling the outbreak. Genome sequencing proved to be a powerful tool to describe the relatedness of the various clones and may help focusing outbreak interventions. Funding The study was funded in part by The Poul Due Jensen Foundation and The Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Trial registration not relevant.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Phylogeny ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-23
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648771-8
ISSN	2245-1919 ; 2245-1919
ISSN (online)	2245-1919
ISSN	2245-1919
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Article ; Online: Convergent evolution and adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within patients with cystic fibrosis.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Sommer, Lea Mette / Molin, Søren / Johansen, Helle Krogh

Nature genetics

2015 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–64

Abstract: Little is known about how within-host evolution compares between genotypically different strains of the same pathogenic species. We sequenced the whole genomes of 474 longitudinally collected clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sampled from 34 ... ...

Abstract	Little is known about how within-host evolution compares between genotypically different strains of the same pathogenic species. We sequenced the whole genomes of 474 longitudinally collected clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sampled from 34 children and young individuals with cystic fibrosis. Our analysis of 36 P. aeruginosa lineages identified convergent molecular evolution in 52 genes. This list of genes suggests a role in host adaptation for remodeling of regulatory networks and central metabolism, acquisition of antibiotic resistance and loss of extracellular virulence factors. Furthermore, we find an ordered succession of mutations in key regulatory networks. Accordingly, mutations in downstream transcriptional regulators were contingent upon mutations in upstream regulators, suggesting that remodeling of regulatory networks might be important in adaptation. The characterization of genes involved in host adaptation may help in predicting bacterial evolution in patients with cystic fibrosis and in the design of future intervention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Carrier State/microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clone Cells ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas Infections/transmission ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity ; Respiratory System/microbiology ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Sputum/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1108734-1
ISSN	1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
ISSN (online)	1546-1718
ISSN	1061-4036
DOI	10.1038/ng.3148
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Article ; Online: Identification of bacterial small RNAs by RNA sequencing.

Gómez-Lozano, María / Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Molin, Søren / Long, Katherine S

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2014 Volume 1149, Page(s) 433–456

Abstract: Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria are known to modulate gene expression and control a variety of processes including metabolic reactions, stress responses, and pathogenesis in response to environmental signals. A method to identify bacterial ... ...

Abstract	Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria are known to modulate gene expression and control a variety of processes including metabolic reactions, stress responses, and pathogenesis in response to environmental signals. A method to identify bacterial sRNAs on a genome-wide scale based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is described that involves the preparation and analysis of three different sequencing libraries. As a significant number of unique sRNAs are identified in each library, the libraries can be used either alone or in combination to increase the number of sRNAs identified. The approach may be applied to identify sRNAs in any bacterium under different growth and stress conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Base Pairing/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development ; Pyrophosphatases/metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Transcriptome/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Messenger ; Deoxyribonuclease I (EC 3.1.21.1) ; Pyrophosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-0473-0_34
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Article ; Online: Evolutionary insight from whole-genome sequencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Sommer, Lea M / Jelsbak, Lars / Molin, Søren / Johansen, Helle Krogh

Future microbiology

2015 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 599–611

Abstract: The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic airway infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and it is directly associated with the morbidity and mortality connected with this disease. The ability of P. aeruginosa to ... ...

Abstract	The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic airway infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and it is directly associated with the morbidity and mortality connected with this disease. The ability of P. aeruginosa to establish chronic infections in CF patients is suggested to be due to the large genetic repertoire of P. aeruginosa and its ability to genetically adapt to the host environment. Here, we review the recent work that has applied whole-genome sequencing to understand P. aeruginosa population genomics, within-host microevolution and diversity, mutational mechanisms, genetic adaptation and transmission events. Finally, we summarize the advances in relation to medical applications and laboratory evolution experiments.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1746-0921
ISSN (online)	1746-0921
DOI	10.2217/fmb.15.3
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Article ; Online: Genome analysis of a transmissible lineage of pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals pathoadaptive mutations and distinct evolutionary paths of hypermutators.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Johansen, Helle Krogh / Molin, Søren / Jelsbak, Lars

PLoS genetics

2013 Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) e1003741

Abstract: Genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens has advanced our understanding of their evolution, epidemiology, and response to antibiotic therapy. However, we still have only a limited knowledge of the molecular changes in in vivo evolving bacterial ... ...

Abstract	Genome sequencing of bacterial pathogens has advanced our understanding of their evolution, epidemiology, and response to antibiotic therapy. However, we still have only a limited knowledge of the molecular changes in in vivo evolving bacterial populations in relation to long-term, chronic infections. For example, it remains unclear what genes are mutated to facilitate the establishment of long-term existence in the human host environment, and in which way acquisition of a hypermutator phenotype with enhanced rates of spontaneous mutations influences the evolutionary trajectory of the pathogen. Here we perform a retrospective study of the DK2 clone type of P. aeruginosa isolated from Danish patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), and analyze the genomes of 55 bacterial isolates collected from 21 infected individuals over 38 years. Our phylogenetic analysis of 8,530 mutations in the DK2 genomes shows that the ancestral DK2 clone type spread among CF patients through several independent transmission events. Subsequent to transmission, sub-lineages evolved independently for years in separate hosts, creating a unique possibility to study parallel evolution and identification of genes targeted by mutations to optimize pathogen fitness (pathoadaptive mutations). These genes were related to antibiotic resistance, the cell envelope, or regulatory functions, and we find that the prevalence of pathoadaptive mutations correlates with evolutionary success of co-evolving sub-lineages. The long-term co-existence of both normal and hypermutator populations enabled comparative investigations of the mutation dynamics in homopolymeric sequences in which hypermutators are particularly prone to mutations. We find a positive exponential correlation between the length of the homopolymer and its likelihood to acquire mutations and identify two homopolymer-containing genes preferentially mutated in hypermutators. This homopolymer facilitated differential mutagenesis provides a novel genome-wide perspective on the different evolutionary trajectories of hypermutators, which may help explain their emergence in CF infections.
MeSH term(s)	Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome ; Humans ; Mutation ; Mutation Rate ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2186725-2
ISSN	1553-7404 ; 1553-7390
ISSN (online)	1553-7404
ISSN	1553-7390
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgen.1003741
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Article ; Online: Long-term social dynamics drive loss of function in pathogenic bacteria.

Andersen, Sandra Breum / Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Molin, Søren / Krogh Johansen, Helle / Griffin, Ashleigh S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2015 Volume 112, Issue 34, Page(s) 10756–10761

Abstract: Laboratory experiments show that social interactions between bacterial cells can drive evolutionary change at the population level, but significant challenges limit attempts to assess the relevance of these findings to natural populations, where ... ...

Abstract	Laboratory experiments show that social interactions between bacterial cells can drive evolutionary change at the population level, but significant challenges limit attempts to assess the relevance of these findings to natural populations, where selection pressures are unknown. We have increasingly sophisticated methods for monitoring phenotypic and genotypic dynamics in bacteria causing infectious disease, but in contrast, we lack evidence-based adaptive explanations for those changes. Evolutionary change during infection is often interpreted as host adaptation, but this assumption neglects to consider social dynamics shown to drive evolutionary change in vitro. We provide evidence to show that long-term behavioral dynamics observed in a pathogen are driven by selection to outcompete neighboring conspecific cells through social interactions. We find that Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, causing lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, lose cooperative iron acquisition by siderophore production during infection. This loss could be caused by changes in iron availability in the lung, but surprisingly, we find that cells retain the ability to take up siderophores produced by conspecifics, even after they have lost the ability to synthesize siderophores. Only when cooperative producers are lost from the population is the receptor for uptake lost. This finding highlights the potential pitfalls of interpreting loss of function in pathogenic bacterial populations as evidence for trait redundancy in the host environment. More generally, we provide an example of how sequence analysis can be used to generate testable hypotheses about selection driving long-term phenotypic changes of pathogenic bacteria in situ.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Databases, Genetic ; Denmark ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron/metabolism ; Lung/microbiology ; Male ; Microbial Interactions/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity ; Sequence Alignment ; Virulence/genetics ; Virulence/physiology ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Oligopeptides ; pyoverdin (8062-00-8) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1508324112
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Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article ; Online: Genome-wide identification of novel small RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Gómez-Lozano, María / Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Molin, Søren / Long, Katherine S

Environmental microbiology

2012 Volume 14, Issue 8, Page(s) 2006–2016

Abstract: Bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) function in post-transcriptional control of gene expression and control a variety of processes including metabolic reactions, stress responses and pathogenesis in response to environmental signals. A variety of ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) function in post-transcriptional control of gene expression and control a variety of processes including metabolic reactions, stress responses and pathogenesis in response to environmental signals. A variety of approaches have been used previously to identify 44 sRNAs in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this work, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is used to identify novel transcripts in P.aeruginosa involving a combination of three different sequencing libraries. Almost all known sRNAs and over 500 novel intergenic sRNAs are identified with this approach. Although the use of three libraries increased the number of novel transcripts identified, there were significant differences in the subset of transcripts detected in each library, underscoring the importance of library preparation strategy and relative sRNA abundance for successful sRNA detection. Nearly 90% of the novel sRNAs have no orthologous bacterial sequences outside of P.aeruginosa, supporting a limited degree of sequence conservation and rapid evolution of sRNAs at the species level. We anticipate that the data will be useful for the study of regulatory sRNAs in bacteria and that the approach described here may be applied to identify sRNAs in any bacterium under different growth and stress conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Gene Library ; Genome, Bacterial ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
Chemical Substances	RNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2020213-1
ISSN	1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
ISSN (online)	1462-2920
ISSN	1462-2912
DOI	10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02759.x
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Article ; Online: Within-host evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals adaptation toward iron acquisition from hemoglobin.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Damkiær, Søren / Khademi, S M Hossein / Markussen, Trine M / Molin, Søren / Jelsbak, Lars

mBio

2014 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) e00966–14

Abstract: ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In order to persist, P. aeruginosa depends on acquiring iron from its host, and multiple different iron acquisition systems ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In order to persist, P. aeruginosa depends on acquiring iron from its host, and multiple different iron acquisition systems may be active during infection. This includes the pyoverdine siderophore and the Pseudomonas heme utilization (phu) system. While the regulation and mechanisms of several iron-scavenging systems are well described, it is not clear whether such systems are targets for selection during adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the host environment. Here we investigated the within-host evolution of the transmissible P. aeruginosa DK2 lineage. We found positive selection for promoter mutations leading to increased expression of the phu system. By mimicking conditions of the CF airways in vitro, we experimentally demonstrate that increased expression of phuR confers a growth advantage in the presence of hemoglobin, thus suggesting that P. aeruginosa evolves toward iron acquisition from hemoglobin. To rule out that this adaptive trait is specific to the DK2 lineage, we inspected the genomes of additional P. aeruginosa lineages isolated from CF airways and found similar adaptive evolution in two distinct lineages (DK1 and PA clone C). Furthermore, in all three lineages, phuR promoter mutations coincided with the loss of pyoverdine production, suggesting that within-host adaptation toward heme utilization is triggered by the loss of pyoverdine production. Targeting heme utilization might therefore be a promising strategy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients. IMPORTANCE Most bacterial pathogens depend on scavenging iron within their hosts, which makes the battle for iron between pathogens and hosts a hallmark of infection. Accordingly, the ability of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cause chronic infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients also depends on iron-scavenging systems. While the regulation and mechanisms of several such iron-scavenging systems have been well described, not much is known about how the within-host selection pressures act on the pathogens' ability to acquire iron. Here, we investigated the within-host evolution of P. aeruginosa, and we found evidence that P. aeruginosa during long-term infections evolves toward iron acquisition from hemoglobin. This adaptive strategy might be due to a selective loss of other iron-scavenging mechanisms and/or an increase in the availability of hemoglobin at the site of infection. This information is relevant to the design of novel CF therapeutics and the development of models of chronic CF infections.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Heme/metabolism ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Iron/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription, Genetic
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Hemoglobins ; Oligopeptides ; Heme (42VZT0U6YR) ; pyoverdin (8062-00-8) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mBio.00966-14
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Article ; Online: Within-host microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Italian cystic fibrosis patients.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Dolce, Daniela / Sommer, Lea M / Petersen, Bent / Ciofu, Oana / Campana, Silvia / Molin, Søren / Taccetti, Giovanni / Johansen, Helle Krogh

BMC microbiology

2015 Volume 15, Page(s) 218

Abstract: Background: Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and a more complete understanding of P. aeruginosa within-host genomic evolution, transmission, and population ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and a more complete understanding of P. aeruginosa within-host genomic evolution, transmission, and population genomics may provide a basis for improving intervention strategies. Here, we report the first genomic analysis of P. aeruginosa isolates sampled from Italian CF patients. Results: By genome sequencing of 26 isolates sampled over 19 years from four patients, we elucidated the within-host evolution of clonal lineages in each individual patient. Many of the identified mutations were located in pathoadaptive genes previously associated with host adaptation, and we correlated mutations with changes in CF-relevant phenotypes such as antibiotic resistance. In addition, the genomic analysis revealed that three patients shared the same clone. Furthermore, we compared the genomes of the Italian CF isolates to a panel of genome sequenced strains of P. aeruginosa from other countries. Isolates from two of the Italian lineages belonged to clonal complexes of P. aeruginosa that have previously been identified in Danish CF patients, and our genomic comparison showed that clonal isolates from the same country may be more distantly related than clonal isolates from different countries. Conclusions: This is the first whole-genome analysis of P. aeruginosa isolated from Italian CF patients, and together with both phenotypic and clinical information this dataset facilitates a more detailed understanding of P. aeruginosa within-host genomic evolution, transmission, and population genomics. We conclude that the evolution of the Italian lineages resembles what has been found in other countries.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Infant ; Italy ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification ; Respiratory System/microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2180
ISSN (online)	1471-2180
DOI	10.1186/s12866-015-0563-9
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Article: Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3 Strains Isolated from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Undergoing Antibiotic Chemotherapy.

Marvig, Rasmus Lykke / Jochumsen, Nicholas / Johansen, Helle Krogh / Høiby, Niels / Molin, Søren / Sommer, Morten O / Jelsbak, Lars / Folkesson, Anders

Genome announcements

2013 Volume 1, Issue 5

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently establishes chronic infections in the airways of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we report the draft genome sequences of four P. aeruginosa B3 strains isolated from a chronically infected CF patient ... ...

Abstract	Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently establishes chronic infections in the airways of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we report the draft genome sequences of four P. aeruginosa B3 strains isolated from a chronically infected CF patient undergoing antibiotic chemotherapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704277-7
ISSN	2169-8287
ISSN	2169-8287
DOI	10.1128/genomeA.00804-13
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