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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Against

Kuribayashi, Takashi / Cossu, Davide / Momotani, Eiichi

2020 Volume 7, Issue 3

Abstract: In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against ...

Abstract	In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci7030093
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Article ; Online: Neurotensin Gene rs2234762 C>G Variant Associates with Reduced Circulating Pro-NT Levels and Predicts Lower Insulin Resistance in Overweight/Obese Children.

Sentinelli, Federica / Barchetta, Ilaria / Cimini, Flavia Agata / Dule, Sara / Bailetti, Diego / Cossu, Efisio / Barbonetti, Arcangelo / Totaro, Maria / Melander, Olle / Cavallo, Maria Gisella / Baroni, Marco Giorgio

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 7

Abstract: Neurotensin (NT) is a small protein implicated in the regulation of energy balance which acts as both a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and as a gastrointestinal peptide. In the gut, NT is secreted after fat ingestion and promotes the ... ...

Abstract	Neurotensin (NT) is a small protein implicated in the regulation of energy balance which acts as both a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and as a gastrointestinal peptide. In the gut, NT is secreted after fat ingestion and promotes the absorption of fatty acids. The circulating levels of its precursor, pro-NT, predicts the presence and development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the extensive knowledge on the dynamic changes that occur to pro-NT = after fat load, the determinants of fasting pro-NT are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the possible genetic regulation of plasma pro-NT. The NT gene (NTS) was sequenced for potential functional variants, evaluating its entire genomic and potentially regulatory regions, in DNA from 28 individuals, stratified by low and high pro-NT levels. The identified variant differently distributed in the two pro-NT subgroups was genotyped in a cohort of nine hundred and thirty-two overweight/obese children and adolescents. A total of seven sequence variations across the NTS gene, none of them located in coding regions, were identified. The rs2234762 polymorphism, sited in the NTS gene promoter, was statistically more frequent in the lowest pro-NTS level group. Carriers of the rs2234762 variant showed lower pro-NT levels, after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, triglycerides and the Tanner stage. Having NTS rs2234762 predicted less pronounced insulin resistance at the 6.5-year follow-up with OR: 0.46 (0.216-0.983), at the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and BMI. In conclusion, the NTS rs2234762 gene variant is a determinant of reduced circulating pro-NT levels in overweight and obese children, which predisposes this group to a more favorable metabolic profile and a reduced insulin resistance later in life, independently from metabolic confounders.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Neurotensin/genetics ; Neurotensin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Overweight/genetics ; Pediatric Obesity ; Fatty Acids
Chemical Substances	Neurotensin (39379-15-2) ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24076460
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Article ; Online: Impressive Boosting of Anti-S1/S2 Immunoglobulin G Production in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-experienced Patients After the First Shot of the BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine.

Capetti, Amedeo F / Stangalini, Carlo A / Borgonovo, Fabio / Mileto, Davide / Oreni, Letizia / Dedivitiis, Gianfranco / Lupo, Angelica / Cossu, Maria V / Bilardo, Lara / Giacomelli, Andrea / Galli, Massimo / Rizzardini, Giuliano

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2021 Volume 73, Issue 6, Page(s) e1402–e1403

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin G ; RNA, Messenger ; BNT162 vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciab214
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Article ; Online: Neurotensin Gene rs2234762 C>G Variant Associates with Reduced Circulating Pro-NT Levels and Predicts Lower Insulin Resistance in Overweight/Obese Children

Federica Sentinelli / Ilaria Barchetta / Flavia Agata Cimini / Sara Dule / Diego Bailetti / Efisio Cossu / Arcangelo Barbonetti / Maria Totaro / Olle Melander / Maria Gisella Cavallo / Marco Giorgio Baroni

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6460, p

2023 Volume 6460

Abstract	Neurotensin (NT) is a small protein implicated in the regulation of energy balance which acts as both a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and as a gastrointestinal peptide. In the gut, NT is secreted after fat ingestion and promotes the absorption of fatty acids. The circulating levels of its precursor, pro-NT, predicts the presence and development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the extensive knowledge on the dynamic changes that occur to pro-NT = after fat load, the determinants of fasting pro-NT are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the possible genetic regulation of plasma pro-NT. The NT gene (NTS) was sequenced for potential functional variants, evaluating its entire genomic and potentially regulatory regions, in DNA from 28 individuals, stratified by low and high pro-NT levels. The identified variant differently distributed in the two pro-NT subgroups was genotyped in a cohort of nine hundred and thirty-two overweight/obese children and adolescents. A total of seven sequence variations across the NTS gene, none of them located in coding regions, were identified. The rs2234762 polymorphism, sited in the NTS gene promoter, was statistically more frequent in the lowest pro-NTS level group. Carriers of the rs2234762 variant showed lower pro-NT levels, after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, triglycerides and the Tanner stage. Having NTS rs2234762 predicted less pronounced insulin resistance at the 6.5-year follow-up with OR: 0.46 (0.216–0.983), at the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and BMI. In conclusion, the NTS rs2234762 gene variant is a determinant of reduced circulating pro-NT levels in overweight and obese children, which predisposes this group to a more favorable metabolic profile and a reduced insulin resistance later in life, independently from metabolic confounders.
Keywords	neurotensin ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; gene ; obesity ; children ; insulin resistance ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dogs Bred in Japan

Takashi Kuribayashi / Davide Cossu / Eiichi Momotani

Veterinary Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 93, p

2020 Volume 93

Abstract: In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against ...

Abstract	In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dogs bred in Japan was evaluated. Ninety-two non-clinical samples were obtained from three institutes and fifty-seven clinical samples were obtained from a veterinary hospital in Japan. Serum titers of total IgG, IgG 1 and IgG 2 isotype antibodies against MAP were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgG antibodies against MAP in non-clinical serum obtained from three institutes was observed to be 2.4%, 20% and 9.0%. Similarly, the IgG 1 antibodies titers against MAP were observed to be 7%, 20% and 0%. Lastly, the IgG 2 antibodies against MAP were observed to be 7%, 20% and 4.4%. No significance differences in these titers were observed among the three institutes. The IgG, IgG 1 and IgG 2 antibodies in serum obtained from a veterinary hospital were observed to be 55.3%, 42% and 42%, respectively. Significant differences were found between the non-clinical and clinical samples. The titers in the clinical samples showed a high degree of variance, whereas low variance was found in the non-clinical samples. The IgG antibody levels were thought to be induced following exposure to MAP-contaminated feed. The difference in titers between the clinical and non-clinical samples is likely to be related to the amount of MAP antigen contamination in dog foods.
Keywords	MAP ; dogs ; IgG antibody ; Johne’s disease ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dogs Bred in Japan

Kuribayashi, Takashi / Cossu, Davide / Momotani, Eiichi

Veterinary sciences. 2020 July 17, v. 7, no. 3

2020

Abstract: In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against ...

Abstract	In this study, the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dogs bred in Japan was evaluated. Ninety-two non-clinical samples were obtained from three institutes and fifty-seven clinical samples were obtained from a veterinary hospital in Japan. Serum titers of total IgG, IgG₁ and IgG₂ isotype antibodies against MAP were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgG antibodies against MAP in non-clinical serum obtained from three institutes was observed to be 2.4%, 20% and 9.0%. Similarly, the IgG₁ antibodies titers against MAP were observed to be 7%, 20% and 0%. Lastly, the IgG₂ antibodies against MAP were observed to be 7%, 20% and 4.4%. No significance differences in these titers were observed among the three institutes. The IgG, IgG₁ and IgG₂ antibodies in serum obtained from a veterinary hospital were observed to be 55.3%, 42% and 42%, respectively. Significant differences were found between the non-clinical and clinical samples. The titers in the clinical samples showed a high degree of variance, whereas low variance was found in the non-clinical samples. The IgG antibody levels were thought to be induced following exposure to MAP-contaminated feed. The difference in titers between the clinical and non-clinical samples is likely to be related to the amount of MAP antigen contamination in dog foods.
Keywords	Japan ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; antibodies ; antigens ; blood serum ; dogs ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; immunoglobulin G ; seroprevalence ; variance ; veterinary clinics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0717
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci7030093
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Nonlinear fiber effects in ultra-high power 10 × 10 Gbit/s WDM-IM free-space systems for satellite links.

Ciaramella, Ernesto / Cossu, Giulio

Optics express

2024 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 7959–7968

Abstract: We investigate an unexplored type of nonlinear impairments that will take place in a very short fiber after the booster amplifier in a Free Space Optical (FSO) system for space communications. In Earth-satellite links, optical power levels up to 100 W ... ...

Abstract	We investigate an unexplored type of nonlinear impairments that will take place in a very short fiber after the booster amplifier in a Free Space Optical (FSO) system for space communications. In Earth-satellite links, optical power levels up to 100 W could be required at the transmitter side to achieve the foreseen 100 Gbit/s capacity, because of the extremely high losses. These systems thus need an optical booster amplifier having very high optical power and it should be connected to the transmitting telescope by means of a short fiber (few meters). Here, we discuss and investigate the impact of the nonlinear fiber effects by means of numerical simulations, and estimate the impairments in a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) 10 × 10 Gbit/s system with intensity modulation. The obtained results clearly indicate that, in this system, the most relevant effect is Four Wave Mixing. We proved that this can be observed as soon as the total power exceeds 20 W. Due to the short fiber length, the system impairments are not affected by chromatic dispersion or channel spacing. We demonstrate that an effective means to reduce the impact is by adopting Polarization Interleaving, i.e., odd and even channels with orthogonal state of polarization. This solution could not work in long terrestrial links because of polarization mode dispersion, yet it can be effectively exploited in short fiber patch cords. These results can be used as a guideline to control this type of impairment in high-power FSO systems for satellite links.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.509436
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Article ; Online: Cost and availability of novel cell and gene therapies: Can we avoid a catastrophic second valley of death?: Can we avoid a catastrophic second valley of death?

De Luca, Michele / Cossu, Giulio

EMBO reports

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) e56661

Abstract: Advanced gene and cellular therapies risk a second "valley of death" due to their high costs and low patient population. As these are life-saving therapies, measures are urgently needed to prevent their withdrawal from the market. ...

Abstract	Advanced gene and cellular therapies risk a second "valley of death" due to their high costs and low patient population. As these are life-saving therapies, measures are urgently needed to prevent their withdrawal from the market.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Environment ; Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020896-0
ISSN	1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
ISSN (online)	1469-3178
ISSN	1469-221X
DOI	10.15252/embr.202256661
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Article ; Online: The N-terminal modification of HORMAD2 causes its ectopic persistence on synapsed chromosomes without meiotic blockade.

Cossu, Isabella G / Leu, N Adrian / Guan, Yongjuan / Wang, P Jeremy

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)

2024 Volume 167, Issue 4

Abstract: In brief: The dissociation of HORMA domain protein 2 (HORMAD2) from the synaptonemal complex is tightly regulated. This study reveals that the N-terminal region of HORMAD2 is critical for its dissociation from synapsed meiotic chromosomes.: Abstract: ...

Abstract	In brief: The dissociation of HORMA domain protein 2 (HORMAD2) from the synaptonemal complex is tightly regulated. This study reveals that the N-terminal region of HORMAD2 is critical for its dissociation from synapsed meiotic chromosomes. Abstract: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis and recombination. HORMA domain proteins regulate key processes in meiosis. Mammalian HORMAD1 and HORMAD2 localize to unsynapsed chromosome axes but are removed upon synapsis by the TRIP13 AAA+ ATPase. TRIP13 engages the N-terminal region of HORMA domain proteins to induce an open conformation, resulting in the disassembly of protein complexes. Here, we report introduction of a 3×FLAG-HA tag to the N-terminus of HORMAD2 in mice. Coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry identified HORMAD1 and SYCP2 as HORMAD2-associated proteins in the testis. Unexpectedly, the N-terminal tagging of HORMAD2 resulted in its abnormal persistence along synapsed regions in pachynema and ectopic localization to telomeres in diplonema. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that 3×FLAG-HA-HORMAD2 was distributed along the central region of the synaptonemal complex, whereas wild-type HORMAD1 persisted along the lateral elements in 3×FLAG-HA-HORMAD2 meiocytes. Although homozygous mice completed meiosis and were fertile, homozygous males exhibited a significant reduction in sperm count. Collectively, these results suggest that the N-terminus of HORMAD2 is important for its timely removal from meiotic chromosome axes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosome Pairing ; Mammals/genetics ; Meiosis ; Meiotic Prophase I ; Semen/metabolism ; Synaptonemal Complex/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cell Cycle Proteins ; HORMAD2 protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2034501-X
ISSN	1741-7899 ; 1470-1626 ; 1476-3990
ISSN (online)	1741-7899
ISSN	1470-1626 ; 1476-3990
DOI	10.1530/REP-23-0330
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Article: Negative regulation of beta enolase gene transcription in embryonic muscle is dependent upon a zinc finger factor that binds to the G-rich box within the muscle-specific enhancer.

Passantino, R / Antona, V / Barbieri, G / Rubino, P / Melchionna, R / Cossu, G / Feo, S / Giallongo, A

The Journal of biological chemistry

1998 Volume 273, Issue 1, Page(s) 484–494

Abstract: ... beta enolase gene. Present in this enhancer are an A/T-rich box that binds MEF-2 protein(s) and a G-rich box ... in a sequence-specific manner to the G-rich box and functions as a repressor of the beta enolase ... which functionally acts as a negative regulator and is enriched in embryonic muscle, the G-rich box binds ...

Abstract	We have previously identified a muscle-specific enhancer within the first intron of the human beta enolase gene. Present in this enhancer are an A/T-rich box that binds MEF-2 protein(s) and a G-rich box (AGTGGGGGAGGGGGCTGCG) that interacts with ubiquitously expressed factors. Both elements are required for tissue-specific expression of the gene in skeletal muscle cells. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a Kruppel-like zinc finger protein, termed beta enolase repressor factor 1, that binds in a sequence-specific manner to the G-rich box and functions as a repressor of the beta enolase gene transcription in transient transfection assays. Using fusion polypeptides of beta enolase repressor factor 1 and the yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain, we have identified an amino-terminal region responsible for the transcriptional repression activity, whereas a carboxyl-terminal region was shown to contain a potential transcriptional activation domain. The expression of this protein decreases in developing skeletal muscles, correlating with lack of binding activity in nuclear extract from adult skeletal tissue, in which novel binding activities have been detected. These results suggest that in addition to the identified factor, which functionally acts as a negative regulator and is enriched in embryonic muscle, the G-rich box binds other factors, presumably exerting a positive control on transcription. The interplay between factors that repress or activate transcription may constitute a developmentally regulated mechanism that modulates beta enolase gene expression in skeletal muscle.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Skeletal/embryology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers
Chemical Substances	DNA-Binding Proteins ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.11)
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.273.1.484
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