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  1. Book ; Online: CNN-Assisted Steganography -- Integrating Machine Learning with Established Steganographic Techniques

    Havard, Andrew / Manikas, Theodore / Larson, Eric C. / Thornton, Mitchell A.

    2023  

    Abstract: We propose a method to improve steganography by increasing the resilience of stego-media to discovery through steganalysis. Our approach enhances a class of steganographic approaches through the inclusion of a steganographic assistant convolutional ... ...

    Abstract We propose a method to improve steganography by increasing the resilience of stego-media to discovery through steganalysis. Our approach enhances a class of steganographic approaches through the inclusion of a steganographic assistant convolutional neural network (SA-CNN). Previous research showed success in discovering the presence of hidden information within stego-images using trained neural networks as steganalyzers that are applied to stego-images. Our results show that such steganalyzers are less effective when SA-CNN is employed during the generation of a stego-image. We also explore the advantages and disadvantages of representing all the possible outputs of our SA-CNN within a smaller, discrete space, rather than a continuous space. Our SA-CNN enables certain classes of parametric steganographic algorithms to be customized based on characteristics of the cover media in which information is to be embedded. Thus, SA-CNN is adaptive in the sense that it enables the core steganographic algorithm to be especially configured for each particular instance of cover media. Experimental results are provided that employ a recent steganographic technique, S-UNIWARD, both with and without the use of SA-CNN. We then apply both sets of stego-images, those produced with and without SA-CNN, to an exmaple steganalyzer, Yedroudj-Net, and we compare the results. We believe that this approach for the integration of neural networks with hand-crafted algorithms increases the reliability and adaptability of steganographic algorithms.

    Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Multimedia
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Causes of death among United States decedents with ALS: An eye toward delaying mortality.

    Larson, Theodore C / Goutman, Stephen A / Davis, Bryn / Bove, Frank J / Thakur, Neil / Mehta, Paul

    Annals of clinical and translational neurology

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 757–764

    Abstract: Objective: To report multiple cause of death (MCOD) occurrence among patients in the United States with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).: Methods: Using death certificate data for all ALS deaths from 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To report multiple cause of death (MCOD) occurrence among patients in the United States with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
    Methods: Using death certificate data for all ALS deaths from 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, 2011-2014, we tabulated MCOD, used association rules mining (ARM) to determine if MCOD occurred together, and calculated standardized mortality odds ratios (SMOR) for select causes, comparing ALS with other U.S. decedents.
    Results: Among 24,328 death certificates, there were 25,704 MCOD, excluding ALS. ALS was listed as the sole cause of death in n = 11,263 (46%). The most frequent causes of death co-occurring with ALS were respiratory failure (n = 6503; 25.3%), cardiovascular disease (n = 6077; 12.6%), pneumonia (n = 1345; 5.2%), and pneumonitis (n = 856; 3.3%). The SMORs among ALS decedents compared with non-ALS decedents for falls and accidents were 3.4 (95% CI 2.6, 4.3) and 3.0 (95% CI 2.2, 4.2), respectively. From ARM analysis, falls and accidents were both associated with injuries. The most common causes identified were weakly to very strongly associated with being an ALS decedent compared with other U.S. deaths, with SMOR point estimates ranging from 1.3 to 51.1.
    Interpretation: This study provides information about the natural history of ALS. With knowledge that some causes of death may be preventable, healthcare providers may be able to optimize patient care and possibly postpone mortality and reduce morbidity. Moreover, this study located gaps in data; medical certifiers completing death certificates for ALS decedents should ensure all MCOD data are recorded.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Cause of Death ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Causality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2740696-9
    ISSN 2328-9503 ; 2328-9503
    ISSN (online) 2328-9503
    ISSN 2328-9503
    DOI 10.1002/acn3.51762
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Response to 'Follow-Up of the Libby, Montana Screening Cohort: A 17-year Mortality Study: Likely Underestimation of Nonmalignant Asbestos-Related Disease'.

    Larson, Theodore C / Williamson, Laura / Antao, Vinicius C

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2020  Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) e235

    MeSH term(s) Asbestos/toxicity ; Asbestosis/diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Montana
    Chemical Substances Asbestos (1332-21-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001837
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Survival and epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases in the Chicago and Detroit metropolitan cohort: incident cases 2009-2011 and survival through 2018.

    Punjani, Reshma / Larson, Theodore C / Wagner, Laurie / Davis, Bryn / Horton, D Kevin / Kaye, Wendy

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 203–211

    Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The National ALS Registry launched surveillance projects to understand the distribution of ALS in targeted geographic cohorts.: Objective: To describe the ... ...

    Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The National ALS Registry launched surveillance projects to understand the distribution of ALS in targeted geographic cohorts.
    Objective: To describe the demographics, incidence, and survival of persons with ALS (PALS) identified in the Chicago and Detroit area population-based cohort.
    Methods: Neurologists in the catchment area provided case reports for eligible ALS cases diagnosed and/or cared for from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2011. Crude incidence rates were calculated for 2009-2011 and stratified by race and ethnicity. Using data from the National Death Index through 2018, we modeled the effect of patient covariates on mortality using the Cox proportional hazard regression.
    Results: Of the 574 cases, 372 (64.8%) were diagnosed from 2009 to 2011. The combined crude incidence rates for 2009, 2010, and 2011 were 1.44, 1.53, and 1.73 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Of the 486 subjects with complete survival data, 81% were deceased at the end of follow-up. Median survival time was 2.2 years, with 30% and 9% of subjects surviving past 5 and 10 years after diagnosis, respectively. Additionally, female PALS and PALS with longer time between symptom onset and diagnosis experienced longer survival. Nonwhites also experienced longer survival than Whites, except for those cases diagnosed in the younger age categories.
    Conclusion: Understanding the survival of ALS patients can aid in understanding variable prognostic factors, which can potentially extend survival and improve disease management.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/ethnology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/mortality ; Chicago/epidemiology ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; White People/statistics & numerical data ; Michigan/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Cohort Studies ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2705049-X
    ISSN 2167-9223 ; 2167-8421
    ISSN (online) 2167-9223
    ISSN 2167-8421
    DOI 10.1080/21678421.2022.2121167
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Response to: 'Pleural abnormalities in the Framingham Heart Study: prevalence and CT image features' by Araki

    Franzblau, Alfred / Antao, Vinicius C / Pinheiro, Germania / Larson, Theodore

    Occupational and environmental medicine

    2017  Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 77

    MeSH term(s) Asbestos ; Asbestosis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Pleura ; Pleural Diseases ; Prevalence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemical Substances Asbestos (1332-21-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1180733-7
    ISSN 1470-7926 ; 1351-0711
    ISSN (online) 1470-7926
    ISSN 1351-0711
    DOI 10.1136/oemed-2017-104640
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Follow-Up of the Libby, Montana Screening Cohort: A 17-Year Mortality Study.

    Larson, Theodore C / Williamson, Laura / Antao, Vinicius C

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2019  Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) e1–e6

    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate mortality patterns among participants in a community-based screening program for asbestos-related disease.: Methods: We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and stratified results by exposure group (three ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate mortality patterns among participants in a community-based screening program for asbestos-related disease.
    Methods: We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and stratified results by exposure group (three occupational exposure groups, household contacts and residents without occupational asbestos exposure) and by radiographic abnormality presence.
    Results: All-cause mortality (15.8%; 1,429/8,043) was statistically lower than expected. Asbestosis was statistically elevated in all exposure groups. Lung cancer was moderately associated with vermiculite miner/miller employment. Mesothelioma was elevated in that same exposure group and among residents. Systemic autoimmune disease mortality was also elevated. Radiographic parenchymal abnormalities were associated with lung cancer mortality.
    Conclusion: In addition to asbestos-related mortality in occupational exposure groups, this initial follow-up of this cohort also shows elevated mortality for some asbestos-related causes in non-occupational exposure groups.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aluminum Silicates ; Asbestos ; Asbestos, Amphibole ; Asbestosis/epidemiology ; Biometry ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Male ; Mesothelioma/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Montana/epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances Aluminum Silicates ; Asbestos, Amphibole ; vermiculite (1318-00-9) ; Asbestos (1332-21-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001760
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Gentrification drives patterns of alpha and beta diversity in cities.

    Fidino, Mason / Sander, Heather A / Lewis, Jesse S / Lehrer, Elizabeth W / Rivera, Kimberly / Murray, Maureen H / Adams, Henry C / Kase, Anna / Flores, Andrea / Stankowich, Theodore / Schell, Christopher J / Salsbury, Carmen M / Rohnke, Adam T / Jordan, Mark J / Green, Austin M / R Gramza, Ashley / Zellmer, Amanda J / Williamson, Jacque / Surasinghe, Thilina D /
    Storm, Hunter / Sparks, Kimberly L / Ryan, Travis J / Remine, Katie R / Pendergast, Mary E / Mullen, Kayleigh / Minier, Darren E / Middaugh, Christopher R / Mertl, Amy L / McClung, Maureen R / Long, Robert A / Larson, Rachel N / Kohl, Michel T / Harris, Lavendar R / Hall, Courtney T / Haight, Jeffrey D / Drake, David / Davidge, Alyssa M / Cheek, Ann O / Bloch, Christopher P / Biro, Elizabeth G / Anthonysamy, Whitney J B / Angstmann, Julia L / Allen, Maximilian L / Adalsteinsson, Solny A / Short Gianotti, Anne G / LaMontagne, Jalene M / Gelmi-Candusso, Tiziana A / Magle, Seth B

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 17, Page(s) e2318596121

    Abstract: While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of ... ...

    Abstract While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of mammals (>500 g) to evaluate how gentrification impacts species richness and community composition across 23 US cities. After controlling for the negative effect of impervious cover, gentrified parts of cities had the highest mammal species richness. Change in community composition was associated with gentrification in a few cities, which were mostly located along the West Coast. At the species level, roughly half (11 of 21 mammals) had higher occupancy in gentrified parts of a city, especially when impervious cover was low. Our results indicate that the impacts of gentrification extend to nonhuman animals, which provides further evidence that some aspects of nature in cities, such as wildlife, are chronically inaccessible to marginalized human populations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Cities ; Residential Segregation ; Biodiversity ; Mammals ; Animals, Wild ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2318596121
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Transcriptomic Profiles of Sepsis in the Human Brain.

    Bustamante, Angela C / Opron, Kristopher / Ehlenbach, William J / Larson, Eric B / Crane, Paul K / Keene, C Dirk / Standiford, Theodore J / Singer, Benjamin H

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2020  Volume 201, Issue 7, Page(s) 861–863

    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Diseases/etiology ; Brain Diseases/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/genetics ; Transcriptome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.201909-1713LE
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Geographic Co-Occurrence of Mesothelioma and Ovarian Cancer Incidence.

    Henley, S Jane / Peipins, Lucy A / Rim, Sun Hee / Larson, Theodore C / Miller, Jacqueline W

    Journal of women's health (2002)

    2019  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 111–118

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asbestos/toxicity ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Male ; Mesothelioma/epidemiology ; Mesothelioma/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Registries ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Asbestos (1332-21-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1139774-3
    ISSN 1931-843X ; 1059-7115 ; 1540-9996
    ISSN (online) 1931-843X
    ISSN 1059-7115 ; 1540-9996
    DOI 10.1089/jwh.2019.7752
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Beneficial remodeling of small saccular intracranial aneurysms after staged stent only treatment: a case series.

    Nyberg, Eric M / Larson, Theodore C

    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

    2014  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 80–85

    Abstract: Background: We evaluated the effect of stent alone treatment for small intracranial aneurysms that were not amenable to coil embolization without prior stent reconstruction.: Methods: This case series was conducted in the neurosurgical service at a ... ...

    Abstract Background: We evaluated the effect of stent alone treatment for small intracranial aneurysms that were not amenable to coil embolization without prior stent reconstruction.
    Methods: This case series was conducted in the neurosurgical service at a tertiary care hospital in Denver, Colorado. Nine patients were electively treated for intracranial aneurysms. All patients had a single low porosity stent reconstruction device placed across the neck of a small intracranial aneurysm. The main outcome measures were changes in aneurysm size and parent vessel morphology during follow-up.
    Results: Nine patients underwent stent alone treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The mean follow-up period was 9.6 months (range 6-17 months). There were no cases of periprocedural morbidity or aneurysm rupture during follow-up. All aneurysms decreased in size, and 3 of 9 aneurysms were gone at follow-up. In addition, at follow-up all parent vessels demonstrated straightening about the aneurysm site.
    Conclusions: Beneficial remodeling with a decrease in the size of small intracranial aneurysms may be seen after treatment with a single stent alone, particularly if the aneurysm arises at an arterial bend or bifurcation. This phenomenon may be related to a degree of straightening of the parent artery, improving hemodynamic conditions about the aneurysm site.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Aneurysm/pathology ; Aneurysm/surgery ; Aneurysm, Ruptured/surgery ; Carotid Arteries/pathology ; Cerebral Angiography ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/pathology ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebral Artery/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1131675-5
    ISSN 1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
    ISSN (online) 1532-8511
    ISSN 1052-3057
    DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.09.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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