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Article ; Online: Camera footage and identification testimony undermine the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence.

Sauerland, Melanie / Krix, Alana C / Georgiadou, Katerina / Humblet, Joke / Broers, Nick J / Sagana, Anna

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0289376

Abstract: The present field experiment investigated how alibi witnesses react when confronted with camera footage or identification testimony that incriminates an innocent suspect. Under the pretext of a problem-solving study, pairs of participants (N = 109) and ... ...

Abstract	The present field experiment investigated how alibi witnesses react when confronted with camera footage or identification testimony that incriminates an innocent suspect. Under the pretext of a problem-solving study, pairs of participants (N = 109) and confederates worked on an individual task with a dividing wall obstructing their view of each other. When the mobile phone of the experimenter was missing from an adjacent room at the end of the session, all participants confirmed that the confederate had not left the room. After several days, participants returned to the lab for a second session. They were asked to confirm their corroboration, orally and in writing, after learning that the confederate either had been identified from a photograph or was present on camera footage. A control group received no evidence. In this second session, written (but not oral) alibi corroboration was weaker in the incriminating evidence conditions (47%) than the no-evidence condition (81%), as hypothesized. Unexpectedly, corroboration was equally strong in the camera and identification evidence conditions. As expected, alibi corroboration was stronger in session 1 than in session 2 for both camera (89% and 31-46%) and identification evidence conditions (86% and 31-49%). The current findings provide first evidence that camera footage and eyewitness identification testimony can bear on the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence in court and emphasize the need to document incidents of evidence contamination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Law Enforcement/methods ; Mental Recall ; Problem Solving ; Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0289376
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Assessing MITRE ATT&CK Risk Using a Cyber-Security Culture Framework.

Georgiadou, Anna / Mouzakitis, Spiros / Askounis, Dimitris

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 9

Abstract: The MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) Framework provides a rich and actionable repository of adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures. Its innovative approach has been broadly welcomed by both vendors and ... ...

Abstract	The MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Common Knowledge) Framework provides a rich and actionable repository of adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures. Its innovative approach has been broadly welcomed by both vendors and enterprise customers in the industry. Its usage extends from adversary emulation, red teaming, behavioral analytics development to a defensive gap and SOC (Security Operations Center) maturity assessment. While extensive research has been done on analyzing specific attacks or specific organizational culture and human behavior factors leading to such attacks, a holistic view on the association of both is currently missing. In this paper, we present our research results on associating a comprehensive set of organizational and individual culture factors (as described on our developed cyber-security culture framework) with security vulnerabilities mapped to specific adversary behavior and patterns utilizing the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Thus, exploiting MITRE ATT&CK's possibilities towards a scientific direction that has not yet been explored: security assessment and defensive design, a step prior to its current application domain. The suggested cyber-security culture framework was originally designed to aim at critical infrastructures and, more specifically, the energy sector. Organizations of these domains exhibit a co-existence and strong interaction of the IT (Information Technology) and OT (Operational Technology) networks. As a result, we emphasize our scientific effort on the hybrid MITRE ATT&CK for Enterprise and ICS (Industrial Control Systems) model as a broader and more holistic approach. The results of our research can be utilized in an extensive set of applications, including the efficient organization of security procedures as well as enhancing security readiness evaluation results by providing more insights into imminent threats and security risks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21093267
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Camera footage and identification testimony undermine the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence

Melanie Sauerland / Alana C. Krix / Katerina Georgiadou / Joke Humblet / Nick J. Broers / Anna Sagana

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 10

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hazardous organic pollutants in indoor dust from elementary schools and kindergartens in Greece: Implications for children's health.

Besis, Athanasios / Avgenikou, Anna / Pantelaki, Ioanna / Serafeim, Eleni / Georgiadou, Eleni / Voutsa, Dimitra / Samara, Constantini

Chemosphere

2022 Volume 310, Page(s) 136750

Abstract: Children spend a significant portion of their day in school, where they may be exposed to hazardous organic compounds accumulated in indoor dust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of major hazardous organic contaminants in dust ... ...

Abstract	Children spend a significant portion of their day in school, where they may be exposed to hazardous organic compounds accumulated in indoor dust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of major hazardous organic contaminants in dust collected from kindergartens and elementary schools in Northern Greece (n = 20). The sum concentrations of 20 targeted polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (∑
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Adult ; Humans ; Dust/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Child Health ; Greece ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Flame Retardants/analysis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis ; Schools ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Dust ; Environmental Pollutants ; Flame Retardants ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136750
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Camera footage and identification testimony undermine the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence.

Melanie Sauerland / Alana C Krix / Katerina Georgiadou / Joke Humblet / Nick J Broers / Anna Sagana

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e

2023 Volume 0289376

Abstract	The present field experiment investigated how alibi witnesses react when confronted with camera footage or identification testimony that incriminates an innocent suspect. Under the pretext of a problem-solving study, pairs of participants (N = 109) and confederates worked on an individual task with a dividing wall obstructing their view of each other. When the mobile phone of the experimenter was missing from an adjacent room at the end of the session, all participants confirmed that the confederate had not left the room. After several days, participants returned to the lab for a second session. They were asked to confirm their corroboration, orally and in writing, after learning that the confederate either had been identified from a photograph or was present on camera footage. A control group received no evidence. In this second session, written (but not oral) alibi corroboration was weaker in the incriminating evidence conditions (47%) than the no-evidence condition (81%), as hypothesized. Unexpectedly, corroboration was equally strong in the camera and identification evidence conditions. As expected, alibi corroboration was stronger in session 1 than in session 2 for both camera (89% and 31-46%) and identification evidence conditions (86% and 31-49%). The current findings provide first evidence that camera footage and eyewitness identification testimony can bear on the availability of exculpatory alibi evidence in court and emphasize the need to document incidents of evidence contamination.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Designing a Cyber-security Culture Assessment Survey Targeting Critical Infrastructures During Covid-19 Crisis

Georgiadou, Anna / Mouzakitis, Spiros / Askounis, Dimitris

2021

Abstract: The paper at hand presents the design of a survey aiming at the cyber-security culture assessment of critical infrastructures during the COVID-19 crisis, when living reality was heavily disturbed and working conditions fundamentally affected. The survey ... ...

Abstract	The paper at hand presents the design of a survey aiming at the cyber-security culture assessment of critical infrastructures during the COVID-19 crisis, when living reality was heavily disturbed and working conditions fundamentally affected. The survey is rooted in a security culture framework layered into two levels, organizational and individual, further analyzed into 10 different security dimensions consisted of 52 domains. An in-depth questionnaire building analysis is presented focusing on the aims, goals, and expected results. It concludes with the survey implementation approach while underlining the framework's first application and its revealing insights during a global crisis. Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2012.13718
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Publishing date	2021-02-05
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Towards Assessing Critical Infrastructures Cyber-Security Culture During Covid-19 Crisis

Georgiadou, Anna / Mouzakitis, Spiros / Askounis, Dimitrios

A Tailor-Made Survey

2020

Abstract: This paper outlines the design and development of a survey targeting the cyber-security culture assessment of critical infrastructures during the COVID-19 crisis, when living routine was seriously disturbed and working reality fundamentally affected. Its ...

Abstract	This paper outlines the design and development of a survey targeting the cyber-security culture assessment of critical infrastructures during the COVID-19 crisis, when living routine was seriously disturbed and working reality fundamentally affected. Its foundations lie on a security culture framework consisted of 10 different security dimensions analysed into 52 domains examined under two different pillars: organizational and individual. In this paper, a detailed questionnaire building analysis is being presented while revealing the aims, goals and expected outcomes of each question. It concludes with the survey implementation and delivery plan following a number of pre-survey stages each serving a specific methodological purpose. Comment: 4th International Conference on Networks and Security (NSEC 2020)
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Publishing date	2020-12-26
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Can social protection tackle emerging risks from climate change, and how? A framework and a critical review

Costella, Cecilia / van Aalst, Maarten / Georgiadou, Yola / Slater, Rachel / Reilly, Rachel / McCord, Anna / Holmes, Rebecca / Ammoun, Jonathan / Barca, Valentina

Climate Risk Management. 2023, v. 40 p.100501-

2023

Abstract: Climate change is transforming the risks individuals and households face, with potentially profound socioeconomic consequences such as increased poverty, inequality, and social instability. Social protection is a policy tool that governments use to help ... ...

Abstract	Climate change is transforming the risks individuals and households face, with potentially profound socioeconomic consequences such as increased poverty, inequality, and social instability. Social protection is a policy tool that governments use to help individuals and households manage risks linked to income and livelihoods, and to achieve societal outcomes such as reducing poverty and inequality. Despite its potential as a policy response to climate change, the integration of social protection within the climate policy agenda is currently limited. While the concept of risk is key to both sectors, different understandings of the nature and scope of climate change impacts and their implications, as well as of the adequacy of social protection instruments to address them, contribute to the lack of policy and practice integration. Our goal is to bridge this cognitive gap by highlighting the potential of social protection as a policy response to climate change. Using a comprehensive climate risk lens, we first explore how climate change drives risks that are within the realm of social protection, and their implications, including likely future trends in demand for social protection. Based on this analysis, we critically review existing arguments for what social protection can do and evidence of what it currently does to manage risks arising from climate change. From the analysis, a set of reconceptualised roles emerge for social protection to strategically contribute to climate-resilient development.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; cognition ; environmental policy ; face ; income ; poverty ; public policy ; risk ; risk management ; Social protection ; Climate risks ; Climate change responses ; Climate-resilient development
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2751138-8
ISSN	2212-0963
ISSN	2212-0963
DOI	10.1016/j.crm.2023.100501
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A Cybersecurity Culture Survey Targeting Healthcare Critical Infrastructures.

Gioulekas, Fotios / Stamatiadis, Evangelos / Tzikas, Athanasios / Gounaris, Konstantinos / Georgiadou, Anna / Michalitsi-Psarrou, Ariadni / Doukas, Georgios / Kontoulis, Michael / Nikoloudakis, Yannis / Marin, Sergiu / Cabecinha, Ricardo / Ntanos, Christos

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Recent studies report that cybersecurity breaches noticed in hospitals are associated with low levels of personnel's cybersecurity awareness. This work aims to assess the cybersecurity culture in healthcare institutions from middle- to low-income EU ... ...

Abstract	Recent studies report that cybersecurity breaches noticed in hospitals are associated with low levels of personnel's cybersecurity awareness. This work aims to assess the cybersecurity culture in healthcare institutions from middle- to low-income EU countries. The evaluation process was designed and performed via anonymous online surveys targeting individually ICT (internet and communication technology) departments and healthcare professionals. The study was conducted in 2019 for a health region in Greece, with a significant number of hospitals and health centers, a large hospital in Portugal, and a medical clinic in Romania, with 53.6% and 6.71% response rates for the ICT and healthcare professionals, respectively. Its findings indicate the necessity of establishing individual cybersecurity departments to monitor assets and attitudes while underlying the importance of continuous security awareness training programs. The analysis of our results assists in comprehending the countermeasures, which have been implemented in the healthcare institutions, and consequently enhancing cybersecurity defense, while reducing the risk surface.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10020327
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Calprotectin serum levels on admission and during follow-up predict severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19: A prospective study.

Gatselis, Nikolaos K / Lyberopoulou, Aggeliki / Lygoura, Vasiliki / Giannoulis, George / Samakidou, Anna / Vaiou, Antonia / Antoniou, Katerina / Triantafyllou, Katerina / Stefos, Aggelos / Georgiadou, Sarah / Sagris, Dimitrios / Sveroni, Dafni / Gabeta, Stella / Ntaios, George / Norman, Gary L / Dalekos, George N

European journal of internal medicine

2023 Volume 122, Page(s) 78–85

Abstract: Background & aims: Calprotectin reflects neutrophil activation and is increased in various inflammatory conditions including severe COVID-19. However, serial serum calprotectin measurements in COVID-19 patients are limited. We assessed prospectively, ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Calprotectin reflects neutrophil activation and is increased in various inflammatory conditions including severe COVID-19. However, serial serum calprotectin measurements in COVID-19 patients are limited. We assessed prospectively, calprotectin levels as biomarker of severity/outcome of the disease and a COVID-19 monitoring parameter in a large cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients. Methods: Calprotectin serum levels were measured in 736 patients (58.2 % males; median age 63-years; moderate disease, n = 292; severe, n = 444, intubated and/or died, n = 50). Patients were treated with combined immunotherapies according to our published local algorithm. The endpoint was the composite event of intubation due to severe respiratory failure (SRF)/COVID-19-related mortality. Results: Median (interquartile range) calprotectin levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease [7(8.2) vs. 6.1(8.1)μg/mL, p = 0.015]. Calprotectin on admission was the only independent risk factor for intubation/death (HR=1.473, 95 %CI=1.003-2.165, p = 0.048) even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio, ferritin, and CRP. The area under the curve (AUC, 95 %CI) of calprotectin for prediction of intubation/death was 0.619 (0.531-0.708), with an optimal cut-off at 13 μg/mL (sensitivity: 44 %, specificity: 79 %, positive and negative predictive values: 13 % and 95 %, respectively). For intubated/died patients, paired comparisons from baseline to middle of hospitalization and subsequently to intubation/death showed significant increase of calprotectin (p = 0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). Calprotectin alteration had the higher predictive ability for intubation/death [AUC (95 %CI):0.803 (0.664-0.943), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Calprotectin levels on admission and their subsequent dynamic alterations could serve as indicator of COVID-19 severity and predict the occurrence of SRF and mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; COVID-19/therapy ; Biomarkers ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038679-8
ISSN	1879-0828 ; 0953-6205
ISSN (online)	1879-0828
ISSN	0953-6205
DOI	10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.001
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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