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Article ; Online: Auburn is committed to addressing the rural shortage.

Camus, Melinda S / Johnson, Calvin M / Sellers, Glen / Young, Cristopher A

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 261, Issue 12, Page(s) 1906

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Medically Underserved Area ; Rural Health Services ; Rural Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.23.09.0543
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Article ; Online: Unraveling the origins of the coexisting localized-interfacial mechanism in oxide-based memristors in CMOS-integrated synaptic device implementations.

Koh, Eng Kang / Dananjaya, Putu Andhita / Poh, Han Yin / Liu, Lingli / Lee, Calvin Xiu Xian / Thong, Jia Rui / You, Young Seon / Lew, Wen Siang

Nanoscale horizons

2024 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 828–842

Abstract: The forefront of neuromorphic research strives to develop devices with specific properties, ...

Abstract	The forefront of neuromorphic research strives to develop devices with specific properties,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2055-6764
ISSN (online)	2055-6764
DOI	10.1039/d3nh00554b
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Article ; Online: Predicting Wrist Posture during Occupational Tasks Using Inertial Sensors and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Young, Calvin / Hamilton-Wright, Andrew / Oliver, Michele L / Gordon, Karen D

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2

Abstract: Current methods for ergonomic assessment often use video-analysis to estimate wrist postures during occupational tasks. Wearable sensing and machine learning have the potential to automate this tedious task, and in doing so greatly extend the amount of ... ...

Abstract	Current methods for ergonomic assessment often use video-analysis to estimate wrist postures during occupational tasks. Wearable sensing and machine learning have the potential to automate this tedious task, and in doing so greatly extend the amount of data available to clinicians and researchers. A method of predicting wrist posture from inertial measurement units placed on the wrist and hand via a deep convolutional neural network has been developed. This study has quantified the accuracy and reliability of the postures predicted by this system relative to the gold standard of optoelectronic motion capture. Ten participants performed 3 different simulated occupational tasks on 2 occasions while wearing inertial measurement units on the hand and wrist. Data from the occupational task recordings were used to train a convolutional neural network classifier to estimate wrist posture in flexion/extension, and radial/ulnar deviation. The model was trained and tested in a leave-one-out cross validation format. Agreement between the proposed system and optoelectronic motion capture was 65% with κ = 0.41 in flexion/extension and 60% with κ = 0.48 in radial/ulnar deviation. The proposed system can predict wrist posture in flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation with accuracy and reliability congruent with published values for human estimators. This system can estimate wrist posture during occupational tasks in a small fraction of the time it takes a human to perform the same task. This offers opportunity to expand the capabilities of practitioners by eliminating the tedium of manual postural assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wrist ; Reproducibility of Results ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist Joint ; Posture
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23020942
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Article ; Online: Prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm show anxiolytic-like changes during periaqueductal-elicited "panic" in rats.

Silva, Carlos / Young, Calvin K / McNaughton, Neil

Hippocampus

2022 Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) 679–694

Abstract: Anxiety and panic are both elicited by threat and co-occur clinically. But, at the neural level, anxiety appears to inhibit the generation of panic; and vice versa. Anxiety and panic are thought to engage more anterior (a) and mid-posterior (m) parts of ... ...

Abstract	Anxiety and panic are both elicited by threat and co-occur clinically. But, at the neural level, anxiety appears to inhibit the generation of panic; and vice versa. Anxiety and panic are thought to engage more anterior (a) and mid-posterior (m) parts of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), respectively. Anxiety also engages the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we tested if mPAG but not aPAG stimulation would suppress prefrontal and hippocampal theta rhythm as do anxiolytic drugs. Twelve male rats with implanted electrodes were stimulated alternately (30 s interval) in the left PAG or right reticular formation (reticularis pontis oralis [RPO]-as a positive control) with recording in the left prelimbic cortex and left and right hippocampus. PAG stimulation was set to produce freezing and RPO to produce 7-8 Hz theta rhythm before tests lasting 10 min on each of 5 days. mPAG stimulation decreased, and aPAG increased, theta power at all sites during elicited freezing. mPAG, but not aPAG, stimulation decreased prefrontal theta frequency. Stimulation did not substantially change circuit dynamics (pairwise phase consistency and partial directed coherence). Together with previous reports, our data suggest that panic- and anxiety-control systems are mutually inhibitory, and neural separation of anxiety and panic extends down to the aPAG and mPAG, respectively. Our findings are consistent with recent proposals that fear and anxiety are controlled by parallel neural hierarchies extending from PAG to the prefrontal cortex.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology ; Anxiety ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Rats ; Theta Rhythm
Chemical Substances	Anti-Anxiety Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1074352-2
ISSN	1098-1063 ; 1050-9631
ISSN (online)	1098-1063
ISSN	1050-9631
DOI	10.1002/hipo.23459
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity.

Arruebarrena, Madelyn A / Hawe, Calvin T / Lee, Young Min / Branco, Rachel C

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 23

Abstract: Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium ... ...

Abstract	Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium exposure. This review article provides an overview of cadmium's primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Cadmium gains entry into the nervous system via zinc and calcium transporters, altering the homeostasis for these metal ions. Once within the nervous system, cadmium disrupts mitochondrial respiration by decreasing ATP synthesis and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Cadmium also impairs normal neurotransmission by increasing neurotransmitter release asynchronicity and disrupting neurotransmitter signaling proteins. Cadmium furthermore impairs the blood-brain barrier and alters the regulation of glycogen metabolism. Together, these mechanisms represent multiple sites of biochemical perturbation that result in cumulative nervous system damage which can increase the risk for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the way by which cadmium exerts its effects is critical for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies against cadmium-induced neurotoxic insult.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Metals, Heavy/metabolism ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Metals, Heavy ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Neurotransmitter Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242316558
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity

Madelyn A. Arruebarrena / Calvin T. Hawe / Young Min Lee / Rachel C. Branco

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 23, p

2023 Volume 16558

Abstract	Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium exposure. This review article provides an overview of cadmium’s primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Cadmium gains entry into the nervous system via zinc and calcium transporters, altering the homeostasis for these metal ions. Once within the nervous system, cadmium disrupts mitochondrial respiration by decreasing ATP synthesis and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Cadmium also impairs normal neurotransmission by increasing neurotransmitter release asynchronicity and disrupting neurotransmitter signaling proteins. Cadmium furthermore impairs the blood–brain barrier and alters the regulation of glycogen metabolism. Together, these mechanisms represent multiple sites of biochemical perturbation that result in cumulative nervous system damage which can increase the risk for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the way by which cadmium exerts its effects is critical for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies against cadmium-induced neurotoxic insult.
Keywords	metals ; enzyme function ; glycogen ; neurodegeneration ; neurotoxicity ; cadmium ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Applying the lessons of design thinking: a unique programme of care for acutely unwell, community-dwelling COVID-19 patients.

Devlin, Megan K / McIntyre, Natasha J / Ramer, Matthew D / Kwon, Young Han / Nicholson, J Michael / Mrkobrada, Marko / Kronick, Jami / Calvin, James E / Spicer, Erin

BMJ open quality

2024 Volume 13, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to primary care and in-person assessments requiring healthcare providers to re-envision care delivery for acutely unwell outpatients. Design thinking methodology has the potential to support the robust ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to primary care and in-person assessments requiring healthcare providers to re-envision care delivery for acutely unwell outpatients. Design thinking methodology has the potential to support the robust evolution of a new clinical model. Aim: To demonstrate how design thinking methodology can rapidly and rigorously create and evolve a safe, timely, equitable and patient-centred programme of care, and to share valuable lessons for effective implementation of design thinking solutions to address complex problems. Method: We describe how design thinking methodology was employed to create a new clinical model of care. Using the example of a novel telemedicine programme to support acutely unwell, community-dwelling COVID-19-positive patients called the London Urgent COVID-19 Care Clinic (LUC3), we show how continuous quality outcomes (safety, timeliness, equity and patient-centredness), as well as patient experience survey responses, can drive iterative changes in programme delivery. Results: The inspiration phase identified four key needs for this patient population: monitoring COVID-19 signs and symptoms; self-managing COVID-19 symptoms; managing other comorbidities in the setting of COVID-19; and escalating care as needed. Guided by these needs, a cross-disciplinary stakeholder group was engaged in the ideation and implementation phases to create a unique and comprehensive telemedicine programme (LUC3). During the implementation phase, LUC3 assessed 2202 community-based patients diagnosed with acute COVID-19; the collected quality outcomes and end-user feedback led to evolution of programme delivery. Conclusion: Design thinking methodology provided an essential framework and valuable lessons for the development of a safe, equitable, timely and patient-centred telemedicine care programme. The lessons learnt here-the importance of inclusive collaboration, using empathy to guide equity-focused interventions, leveraging continuous metrics to drive iteration and aiming for good-if-not-perfect plans-can serve as a road map for using design thinking for targeted healthcare problems.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Independent Living ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 ; Outpatients ; Ambulatory Care Facilities
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-6641
ISSN (online)	2399-6641
DOI	10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002500
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Article ; Online: Design and validation of a novel 3D-printed wearable device for monitoring knee joint kinematics.

Young, Calvin / Oliver, Michele L / Gordon, Karen D

Medical engineering & physics

2021 Volume 94, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Gait analysis provides an important tool for the study and clinical evaluation of conditions which affect knee joint biomechanics. Collection of knee joint kinematics in real world environments during locomotor activities of daily living could provide ... ...

Abstract	Gait analysis provides an important tool for the study and clinical evaluation of conditions which affect knee joint biomechanics. Collection of knee joint kinematics in real world environments during locomotor activities of daily living could provide quantitative evidence to help understand functional impairment. Unfortunately, the high cost and necessary technical expertise associated with current commercially available systems for kinematic monitoring serve as an impediment to their adoption outside of specialized research groups. We have developed a low-cost, custom wearable device to address these shortcomings. The 3D printed device is capable of measuring knee flexion/extension (F/E) and adduction/abduction (AD/AB) angles. Here, we present a gold standard validation of the novel device against an optoelectronic motion capture system (MCS). Data were collected during a treadmill walking task from 8 participants on 2 separate occasions. Agreement with the MCS was quantified via root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficients of multiple correlation (CMC), paired dependent t-tests and Bland-Altman analyses. The wearable device had an overall RMSE of 3.0° and 2.7° and a CMC of 0.97 and 0.91 in F/E and AD/AB respectively. Wearable device error showed no significant differences between test occasions, and Bland-Altman analyses showed low bias with narrow limits of agreement. These results demonstrate the capability of the device to accurately and reliably monitor knee F/E and AD/AB angles showing strong potential for field implementation.
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Walking ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1181080-4
ISSN	1873-4030 ; 1350-4533
ISSN (online)	1873-4030
ISSN	1350-4533
DOI	10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.013
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Article ; Online: UK biobank: Enhanced assessment of the epidemiology and long-term impact of coronavirus disease-2019.

Feng, Qi / Lacey, Ben / Bešević, Jelena / Omiyale, Wemimo / Conroy, Megan / Starkey, Fenella / Calvin, Catherine / Callen, Howard / Bramley, Laura / Welsh, Samantha / Young, Allen / Effingham, Mark / Young, Alan / Collins, Rory / Holliday, Jo / Allen, Naomi

Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine

2023 Volume 1, Page(s) e30

Abstract: UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40-69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. ... ...

Abstract	UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40-69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. The existence of such a large, detailed prospective cohort with a high degree of participant engagement enabled its rapid repurposing for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research. In response to the pandemic, the frequency of updates on hospitalisations and deaths among participants was immediately increased, and new data linkages were established to national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and primary care health records to facilitate research into the determinants of severe COVID-19. UK Biobank also instigated several sub-studies on COVID-19. In 2020, monthly blood samples were collected from approximately 20,000 individuals to investigate the distribution and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to assess the persistence of antibodies following infection with another blood sample collected after 12 months. UK Biobank also performed repeat imaging of approximately 2,000 participants (half of whom had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and half did not) to investigate the impact of the virus on changes in measures of internal organ structure and function. In addition, approximately 200,000 UK Biobank participants took part in a self-test SARS-CoV-2 antibody sub-study (between February and November 2021) to collect objective data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. These studies are enabling unique research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, as well as their long-term health effects. UK Biobank's contribution to the national and international response to the pandemic represents a case study for its broader value, now and in the future, to precision medicine research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2752-6143
ISSN (online)	2752-6143
DOI	10.1017/pcm.2023.18
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Article: Risk Minimization in Scale-Up of Biomass and Waste Carbon Upgrading Processes.

Miller, Jacob H / Nimlos, Claire T / Li, Yudong / Young, Andrew C / Ciesielski, Peter N / Chapman, Liz M / Foust, Thomas D / Mukarakate, Calvin

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering

2023 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 666–679

Abstract: Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we ... ...

Abstract	Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we review deficiencies commonly encountered during scale-up to show that many nascent technology developers place too much focus on simply demonstrating that technologies work in progressively larger units ("profit") without expending enough up-front research effort to identify and derisk roadblocks to commercialization (collecting "information") to inform the design of these units. We combine this conclusion with economic and timeline data collected from technology scale-up and piloting operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to motivate a more scientific, risk-minimized approach to biomass and waste carbon upgrading scale-up. Our proposed approach emphasizes maximizing information collection in the smallest, most agile, and least expensive experimental setups possible, emulating the mentality embraced by R&D across the petrochemical industry. Key points are supported by examples of successful and unsuccessful scale-up efforts undertaken at NREL and elsewhere. We close by showing that the U.S. national laboratory system is uniquely well equipped to serve as a hub to facilitate effective scale-up of promising biomass and waste carbon upgrading technologies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2168-0485
ISSN	2168-0485
DOI	10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06231
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