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  1. Article: Selective Doping in Silicon Carbide Power Devices.

    Roccaforte, Fabrizio / Fiorenza, Patrick / Vivona, Marilena / Greco, Giuseppe / Giannazzo, Filippo

    Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 14

    Abstract: Silicon carbide (SiC) is the most mature wide band-gap semiconductor and is currently employed for the fabrication of high-efficiency power electronic devices, such as diodes and transistors. In this context, selective doping is one of the key processes ... ...

    Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) is the most mature wide band-gap semiconductor and is currently employed for the fabrication of high-efficiency power electronic devices, such as diodes and transistors. In this context, selective doping is one of the key processes needed for the fabrication of these devices. This paper concisely reviews the main selective doping techniques for SiC power devices technology. In particular, due to the low diffusivity of the main impurities in SiC, ion implantation is the method of choice to achieve selective doping of the material. Hence, most of this work is dedicated to illustrating the main features of n-type and p-type ion-implantation doping of SiC and discussing the related issues. As an example, one of the main features of implantation doping is the need for post-implantation annealing processes at high temperatures (above 1500 °C) for electrical activation, thus having a notable morphological and structural impact on the material and, hence, on some device parameters. In this respect, some specific examples elucidating the relevant implications on devices' performances are reported in the paper. Finally, a short overview of recently developed non-conventional doping and annealing techniques is also provided, although these techniques are still far from being applied in large-scale devices' manufacturing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2487261-1
    ISSN 1996-1944
    ISSN 1996-1944
    DOI 10.3390/ma14143923
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A case of very prolonged new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) with no evidence of autoimmune activation and a good neurological recovery.

    Ferlisi, Monica / Greco, Elena / Zanoni, Tiziano / Zamagni, Monica / Liviero, Marilena Casartelli / Zanatta, Paolo

    Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology

    2020  Volume 41, Issue 10, Page(s) 3003–3006

    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Status Epilepticus
    Chemical Substances Anticonvulsants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-27
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 2016546-8
    ISSN 1590-3478 ; 1590-1874
    ISSN (online) 1590-3478
    ISSN 1590-1874
    DOI 10.1007/s10072-020-04467-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Isotype Expression in Monocytes and T Cells Interferon-Gamma Release Assay in Septic Patients and Correlation With Clinical Outcome.

    Greco, Marilena / Mazzei, Aurora / Suppressa, Salvatore / Palumbo, Claudio / Verri, Tiziano / Lobreglio, Giambattista

    Journal of clinical medicine research

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 293–303

    Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection responsible of multiple organs dysfunction (Sepsis-3 International Consensus Definition), during which clinical outcome is a balance between inflammation and immune ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection responsible of multiple organs dysfunction (Sepsis-3 International Consensus Definition), during which clinical outcome is a balance between inflammation and immune suppression. Monocytes and lymphocytes may play an important role in immune paralysis, and their impaired functional activity can decrease overall immune system efficiency. We evaluated sepsis-induced changes in monocytes human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression and T cell capacity of interferon (IFN)-γ production in relation with patient's clinical outcome.
    Methods: Analysis of HLA-DR expression on blood monocytes (mHLA-DR) was performed in 55 patients with high procalcitonin (hPCT, > 0.5 ng/mL,) and suspected/confirmed sepsis, and 20 controls. HLA-DR absolute quantification and IFN-γ release assay were monitored in 16 septic patients for 4 weeks following sepsis confirmation.
    Results: Cytofluorimetric analysis revealed a significant decrease of mHLA-DR percentage in septic patients with adverse outcome compared to patients with better clinical outcome (88.4% vs. 98.6% with P < 0.05), in combination with a significant decrease of absolute number of HLA-DR molecules per monocyte (P < 0.05, starting at 1 week of follow-up). Lymphocytes stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA),
    Conclusions: This immunologic anergy of innate and adaptative immunity showed an early immune paralysis during sepsis which appears correlated with the impairment of clinical outcome.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-25
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2548987-2
    ISSN 1918-3011 ; 1918-3003
    ISSN (online) 1918-3011
    ISSN 1918-3003
    DOI 10.14740/jocmr4474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: sFlt-1 and CA 15.3 are indicators of endothelial damage and pulmonary fibrosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    Greco, Marilena / Suppressa, Salvatore / Lazzari, Roberta Assunta / Sicuro, Fernando / Catanese, Carmelo / Lobreglio, Giambattista

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 19979

    Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide increase of hospitalizations for interstitial pneumonia with thrombosis complications, endothelial injury and multiorgan disease. Common CT findings include lung bilateral infiltrates, bilateral ground-glass opacities ...

    Abstract COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide increase of hospitalizations for interstitial pneumonia with thrombosis complications, endothelial injury and multiorgan disease. Common CT findings include lung bilateral infiltrates, bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or consolidation whilst no current laboratory parameter consents rapidly evaluation of COVID-19 risk and disease severity. In the present work we investigated the association of sFLT-1 and CA 15.3 with endothelial damage and pulmonary fibrosis. Serum sFlt-1 has been associated with endothelial injury and sepsis severity, CA 15.3 seems an alternative marker for KL-6 for fibrotic lung diseases and pulmonary interstitial damage. We analysed 262 SARS-CoV-2 patients with differing levels of clinical severity; we found an association of serum sFlt-1 (ROC AUC 0.902, decision threshold > 90.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001 Sens. 83.9% and Spec. 86.7%) with presence, extent and severity of the disease. Moreover, CA 15.3 appeared significantly increased in COVID-19 severe lung fibrosis (ICU vs NON-ICU patients 42.6 ± 3.3 vs 25.7 ± 1.5 U/mL, p < 0.0001) and was associated with lung damage severity grade (ROC AUC 0.958, decision threshold > 24.8 U/mL, p < 0.0001, Sens. 88.4% and Spec. 91.8%). In conclusion, serum levels of sFlt-1 and CA 15.3 appeared useful tools for categorizing COVID-19 clinical stage and may represent a valid aid for clinicians to better personalise treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Biomarkers/blood ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/blood ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/complications ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1/blood ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/blood ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/complications ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/blood
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Mucin-1 ; FLT1 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-99470-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Flow Cytometric Analysis of Monocytes Polarization and Reprogramming From Inflammatory to Immunosuppressive Phase During Sepsis.

    Greco, Marilena / Mazzei, Aurora / Palumbo, Claudio / Verri, Tiziano / Lobreglio, Giambattista

    EJIFCC

    2019  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 371–384

    Abstract: Sepsis outcome is determined by a balance between inflammation and immune suppression. We aimed to evaluate monocytes polarization and reprogramming during these processes. We analyzed 93 patients with procalcitonin level >0.5 ng/mL (hPCT) and suspected/ ... ...

    Abstract Sepsis outcome is determined by a balance between inflammation and immune suppression. We aimed to evaluate monocytes polarization and reprogramming during these processes. We analyzed 93 patients with procalcitonin level >0.5 ng/mL (hPCT) and suspected/confirmed sepsis, and 84 controls by analysis of CD14, CD16 and HLA-DR expression on blood monocytes using fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibodies and BD FACS CANTO II. Complete blood cell count, procalcitonin and other biochemical markers were evaluated. Intermediate monocytes CD14
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-25
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1650-3414
    ISSN (online) 1650-3414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: sFlt-1 and CA 15.3 are indicators of endothelial damage and pulmonary fibrosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection

    Marilena Greco / Salvatore Suppressa / Roberta Assunta Lazzari / Fernando Sicuro / Carmelo Catanese / Giambattista Lobreglio

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide increase of hospitalizations for interstitial pneumonia with thrombosis complications, endothelial injury and multiorgan disease. Common CT findings include lung bilateral infiltrates, bilateral ground-glass ... ...

    Abstract Abstract COVID-19 pandemic led to a worldwide increase of hospitalizations for interstitial pneumonia with thrombosis complications, endothelial injury and multiorgan disease. Common CT findings include lung bilateral infiltrates, bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or consolidation whilst no current laboratory parameter consents rapidly evaluation of COVID-19 risk and disease severity. In the present work we investigated the association of sFLT-1 and CA 15.3 with endothelial damage and pulmonary fibrosis. Serum sFlt-1 has been associated with endothelial injury and sepsis severity, CA 15.3 seems an alternative marker for KL-6 for fibrotic lung diseases and pulmonary interstitial damage. We analysed 262 SARS-CoV-2 patients with differing levels of clinical severity; we found an association of serum sFlt-1 (ROC AUC 0.902, decision threshold > 90.3 pg/mL, p < 0.001 Sens. 83.9% and Spec. 86.7%) with presence, extent and severity of the disease. Moreover, CA 15.3 appeared significantly increased in COVID-19 severe lung fibrosis (ICU vs NON-ICU patients 42.6 ± 3.3 vs 25.7 ± 1.5 U/mL, p < 0.0001) and was associated with lung damage severity grade (ROC AUC 0.958, decision threshold > 24.8 U/mL, p < 0.0001, Sens. 88.4% and Spec. 91.8%). In conclusion, serum levels of sFlt-1 and CA 15.3 appeared useful tools for categorizing COVID-19 clinical stage and may represent a valid aid for clinicians to better personalise treatment.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Is A Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction During Sepsis.

    Greco, Marilena / Palumbo, Claudio / Sicuro, Fernando / Lobreglio, Giambattista

    Journal of clinical medicine research

    2018  Volume 10, Issue 9, Page(s) 700–706

    Abstract: Background: Sepsis is currently defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host response to infection. There is increasing evidence that the endothelium plays a crucial and pathogenic role in sepsis. Profound alterations of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Sepsis is currently defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a deregulated host response to infection. There is increasing evidence that the endothelium plays a crucial and pathogenic role in sepsis. Profound alterations of the endothelium associated with sepsis include increased leucocytes adhesions, shift to a procoagulant state, vasodilatation, altered barrier function with more permeable capillaries and tissue edema. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is involved in the control of microvascular permeability and has been involved in the pathogenesis of conditions associated with endothelial barrier disruption such as sepsis. sFlt-1 is a soluble variant of the VEGF receptor (Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, Flt-1 or VEGFR-1) able to down-regulate the effects of VEGF by decreasing its signaling. We investigated the possible involvement of sFlt-1 as biomarker of endothelial alteration during sepsis, organ dysfunction and death.
    Methods: Serum levels of s-Flt1 were measured in 170 hospitalized patients (77 with sepsis, confirmed by positive blood culture), and in 18 healthy volunteers. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was determined by using biochemical and clinical parameters. In a small number of patients (9 individuals), s-Flt1 concentration was evaluated after negativization of the blood culture.
    Results: Serum level of s-Flt1 was significantly higher in septic patients than blood culture-negative patients (277.7 ± 52.7 and 133.4 ± 12.4 pg/mL, respectively, P = 0.0088), both groups of patients had significantly higher concentration of sFlt-1 than healthy individuals (78.9 ± 2.5 pg/mL). Among sepsis cases, 68% was caused by Gram-negative bacteria, 27% by Gram-positive bacteria and 8% by Candida species. Serum level of s-Flt1 showed a significant difference between Gram-negative (274.1 pg/mL) and Gram-positive (145.7 pg/mL) sepsis. SOFA score (evaluated in 20 patients with sFlt-1 >190 pg/mL) showed a positive trend of correlation with the increasing sFlt-1 level. After blood culture negativization, serum level of sFlt-1 decreased (37%).
    Conclusion: Our findings confirm, in a larger population of patients with sepsis, recent evidences that sFlt-1 levels are higher in patients with complicated-sepsis that evolve to septic shock and suggest that sFlt-1 could be a useful biomarker for sepsis severity. An anti-VEGF effect mediated by sFlt-1 could be hypothesized as salvage compensatory mechanism activated in response to sepsis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-31
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2548987-2
    ISSN 1918-3011 ; 1918-3003
    ISSN (online) 1918-3011
    ISSN 1918-3003
    DOI 10.14740/jocmr3505w
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  8. Article: Effects of Influenza Vaccination on the Response to BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers.

    Greco, Marilena / Cucci, Federico / Portulano, Pierfrancesco / Lazzari, Roberta Assunta / Caldararo, Cosimo / Sicuro, Fernando / Catanese, Carmelo / Lobreglio, Giambattista

    Journal of clinical medicine research

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 12, Page(s) 549–555

    Abstract: Background: Vaccine-induced immunity is at present the main strategy to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent evidences suggested a protective effect of influenza vaccination against coronavirus disease ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vaccine-induced immunity is at present the main strategy to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent evidences suggested a protective effect of influenza vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, while impact on the immune response to BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine is under investigation.
    Methods: We aimed to evaluate this aspect in a cohort of 297 healthcare workers (108 males, 189 females) after seasonal influenza vaccination compared to no-flu-vaccination. VAX+ (165 individuals; 63 males and 102 females) had tetravalent influenza vaccine, and VAX- (132 individuals; 45 males and 87 females) had no flu vaccination. Anti-spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) level was tested 15 - 70 days after BNT162b2 second inoculum.
    Results: Increased antibody response was observed in total VAX+ compared to VAX- (2,047.4 vs. 1,494.2 binding antibody unit (BAU)/mL, P = 0.0039), independently from gender and body mass index (BMI). Younger total individuals (< 35 years) showed significant increase of the level of binding antibodies (2,184.8 vs. 1,590.9 BAU/mL, P = 0.0038) compared to ≥ 35 years; young/old difference was lost restricting to VAX+ subgroup. Flu vaccinations appear associated to better antibody response in older individuals (P = 0.027, ≥ 35 years VAX+ vs. VAX-). A decreasing trend during time was observed for both VAX+ and VAX-, except for < 35 years VAX- individuals. Early response was higher in VAX+ compared to VAX-; however a more rapid waning was observed in VAX+ subjects.
    Conclusions: Our data showed better antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in subjects already vaccinated against seasonal influenza; this may represent one of the mechanisms underlying the cross-protective effects of influenza vaccination against heterologous infections reported in recent epidemiological studies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-28
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2548987-2
    ISSN 1918-3011 ; 1918-3003
    ISSN (online) 1918-3011
    ISSN 1918-3003
    DOI 10.14740/jocmr4590
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  9. Article ; Online: Real world data of niraparib in platinum sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: A multicenter experience of the MITO group.

    Musacchio, Lucia / Palluzzi, Eleonora / Di Napoli, Marilena / Lauria, Rossella / Ferrandina, Gabriella / Angioli, Roberto / Bergamini, Alice / Corrado, Giacomo / Perniola, Giorgia / Cassani, Chiara / Savarese, Antonella / Gori, Stefania / Greco, Filippo / De Angelis, Carmine / Zafarana, Elena / Giannarelli, Diana / Cinieri, Saverio / Mosconi, Anna Maria / Raspagliesi, Francesco /
    Pignata, Sandro / Scambia, Giovanni / Lorusso, Domenica

    Gynecologic oncology

    2024  Volume 184, Page(s) 24–30

    Abstract: Objective: PARP (poly adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose polymerase) inhibitors are approved as maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive ovarian cancer (OC), in first line and in the recurrent setting, regardless of BRCA mutational status. Real-world ... ...

    Abstract Objective: PARP (poly adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose polymerase) inhibitors are approved as maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive ovarian cancer (OC), in first line and in the recurrent setting, regardless of BRCA mutational status. Real-world data after the introduction of these agents are needed to evaluate whether the benefit observed in phase III randomized clinical trials can be translated into clinical practice. The aim of our study was to provide real-life data on efficacy and safety of niraparib administered as maintenance in platinum sensitive relapsed OC patients (PSROC).
    Methods: This retrospective/prospective observational study included relapsed OC patients that received niraparib as maintenance, at the time of platinum sensitive recurrence within the Italian expanded-access program. Clinical data at the time of diagnosis and at the time of recurrence were collected and analyzed. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated as the time from start of niraparib treatment to subsequent radiologically confirmed relapse and death or last contact, respectively.
    Results: Among 304 eligible patients, 260 (85%) had BRCA wild-type tumor and 36. (11.9%) were BRCA mutated. Median PFS was 9.1 months (95% CI: 6.9-11.2) and 10.3 months (95% CI: 7.0-13.5) in the BRCAwt and BRCAmut cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, median OS was 41.7 months (95% CI: 31.6-41.9) and 34.6 months (95% CI: N.E.) in the BRCAwt and BRCAmut cohorts, respectively.
    Conclusion: Data from this large real-life dataset suggested that maintenance with niraparib in the real-life setting of platinum sensitive OC recurrence is effective and well tolerated.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 801461-9
    ISSN 1095-6859 ; 0090-8258
    ISSN (online) 1095-6859
    ISSN 0090-8258
    DOI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.01.022
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  10. Article: Low TGF-β1 plasma levels are associated with cognitive decline in Down syndrome.

    Grasso, Margherita / Fidilio, Annamaria / L'Episcopo, Francesca / Recupero, Marilena / Barone, Concetta / Bacalini, Maria Giulia / Benatti, Cristina / Giambirtone, Maria Concetta / Caruso, Giuseppe / Greco, Donatella / Di Nuovo, Santo / Romano, Corrado / Ferri, Raffaele / Buono, Serafino / Cuello, A Claudio / Blom, Johanna M C / Tascedda, Fabio / Piazza, Pier Vincenzo / De La Torre, Rafael /
    Caraci, Filippo

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1379965

    Abstract: Almost all individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) show the characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the age of 40, yet not every individual with DS experiences symptoms of AD later in life. Similar to neurotypical ... ...

    Abstract Almost all individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) show the characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by the age of 40, yet not every individual with DS experiences symptoms of AD later in life. Similar to neurotypical developing subjects, AD in people with DS lasts for a long preclinical phase in which biomarkers follow a predictable order of changes. Hence, a prolonged asymptomatic period precedes the onset of dementia, underscoring the importance of identifying new biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Blood-based biomarkers may offer an alternative non-invasive strategy for the detection of peripheral biological alterations paralleling nervous system pathology in an early phase of the AD continuum. In the last few years, a strong neurobiological link has been demonstrated between the deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine endowed with neuroprotective activity, and early pro-inflammatory processes in the AD brain. In this clinical prospective observational study, we found significant lower plasma TGF-β1 concentrations at the first neuropsychological evaluation (baseline = T0) both in young adult DS individuals (19-35 years) and older DS subjects without AD (35-60 years) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Interestingly, we found that the lower TGF-β1 plasma concentrations at T0 were strongly correlated with the following cognitive decline at 12 months. In addition, in young individuals with DS, we found, for the first time, a negative correlation between low TGF-β1 concentrations and high TNF-α plasma concentrations, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is known to be associated with cognitive impairment in DS individuals with AD. Finally, adopting an
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379965
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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