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  1. Article ; Online: Perforated Amyand hernia with an adenocarcinoma tumour presenting as a groin abscess.

    Gbegli, Emmanuel / Miremadi, Ahmad / Serrao, Eva Mendes / Sadler, Timothy J

    BJR case reports

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) uaae008

    Abstract: An Amyand hernia is an incarcerated inguinal hernia containing the appendix with or without appendicitis. This is a rare form of inguinal hernia, making up approximately 0.4%-1% of all cases. As with any hernia, this may become strangulated at any time, ... ...

    Abstract An Amyand hernia is an incarcerated inguinal hernia containing the appendix with or without appendicitis. This is a rare form of inguinal hernia, making up approximately 0.4%-1% of all cases. As with any hernia, this may become strangulated at any time, leading to the loss of blood supply and further development of gangrene and complications. Clinically, this can present in a manner indistinguishable from other types of inguinal hernias. In addition, the appendix can be affected by its own set of pathological processes, such as infection, inflammation, and malignancy. Not uncommonly both hernial and appendiceal complications coexist. The clinical diagnosis of an Amyand hernia remains challenging due to its low incidence and indistinct clinical presentation. At present, surgery is usually diagnostic and therapeutic. However, there is a growing number of recent reports showing the invaluable role of imaging on the diagnosis of Amyand hernias and associated complications. The correct and timely recognition of their imaging features including complications can optimize and expedite patient care by guiding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we report for the first time the radiological and pathological findings of a patient with a unique complicated Amyand hernia, which posed a diagnostic challenge for the clinical and radiological teams.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2055-7159
    ISSN (online) 2055-7159
    DOI 10.1093/bjrcr/uaae008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Does size-selective harvesting erode adaptive potential to thermal stress?

    Sadler, Daniel E / van Dijk, Stephan / Karjalainen, Juha / Watts, Phillip C / Uusi-Heikkilä, Silva

    Ecology and evolution

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2, Page(s) e11007

    Abstract: ... of individuals with respect to body size (i.e. line with no directional selection). Selection lines were exposed ... selection (i.e. size selected) showed reduced growth rate and a shift in average phenotype in response ...

    Abstract Overharvesting is a serious threat to many fish populations. High mortality and directional selection on body size can cause evolutionary change in exploited populations via selection for a specific phenotype and a potential reduction in phenotypic diversity. Whether the loss of phenotypic diversity that accompanies directional selection impairs response to environmental stress is not known. To address this question, we exposed three zebrafish selection lines to thermal stress. Two lines had experienced directional selection for (1) large and (2) small body size, and one was (3) subject to random removal of individuals with respect to body size (i.e. line with no directional selection). Selection lines were exposed to three temperatures (elevated, 34°C; ambient, 28°C; low, 22°C) to determine the response to an environmental stressor (thermal stress). We assessed differences among selection lines in their life history (growth and reproduction), physiological traits (metabolic rate and critical thermal max) and behaviour (activity and feeding behaviour) when reared at different temperatures. Lines experiencing directional selection (i.e. size selected) showed reduced growth rate and a shift in average phenotype in response to lower or elevated thermal stress compared with fish from the random-selected line. Our data indicate that populations exposed to directional selection can have a more limited capacity to respond to thermal stress compared with fish that experience a comparable reduction in population size (but without directional selection). Future studies should aim to understand the impacts of environmental stressors on natural fish stocks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.11007
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  3. Article ; Online: Incidence and distribution of injuries associated with e-scooter use: a radiological perspective.

    Bentham, Michael J / Christopher, Holly W / Borchert, Robin J / Thavakumar, Arthikkaa / Riede, Philipp / Sadler, Timothy J

    The British journal of radiology

    2024  Volume 97, Issue 1155, Page(s) 567–573

    Abstract: Objectives: To investigate electric scooter (e-scooter)-associated radiological injury incidence ... examinations related to e-scooter injuries at a major trauma centre in a small university city. The hospital ... radiology information system was searched for terms related to e-scooters between January 1, 2015, and October 31, 2022. E ...

    Abstract Objectives: To investigate electric scooter (e-scooter)-associated radiological injury incidence and distribution of injuries.
    Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of radiological examinations related to e-scooter injuries at a major trauma centre in a small university city. The hospital radiology information system was searched for terms related to e-scooters between January 1, 2015, and October 31, 2022. E-scooter use was confirmed by review of the patients' electronic medical records. Specific injuries were divided based on site of injury using the Injury Severity Scale categorized groups.
    Results: A total of 568 radiological studies related to e-scooter injuries were identified on 340 distinct patients (56% male, with an average age of 28 years). Peak incidence of e-scooter-related injuries was seen in the summer months, after a local scooter sharing system was introduced in October 2020. A total of 149 patients had radiologically diagnosed injuries, with extremity injuries being most frequent (80%). Facial (8%), head/neck (8%), and thorax/abdomen (4%) were less common. Radial head fractures were the most common injury (n = 27). Thirteen patients had multiple sites of injury, four of which had both upper limb and facial bone fractures described.
    Conclusions: We report a significant increase in radiological investigations and injuries in the context of e-scooter injuries, particularly since the introduction of an e-scooter sharing scheme. This study informs radiologists on common locations of injuries when reporting studies of patients that have had e-scooter-related injuries.
    Advances in knowledge: This is the first UK-based study providing a comprehensive radiological perspective of the impact of e-scooter use and associated distribution of injuries, adding important data for many cities that are currently undertaking review of their e-scooter sharing schemes.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Radiography ; Trauma Centers ; Accidents, Traffic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2982-8
    ISSN 1748-880X ; 0007-1285
    ISSN (online) 1748-880X
    ISSN 0007-1285
    DOI 10.1093/bjr/tqad057
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  4. Article ; Online: Targeting cancer lactate metabolism with synergistic combinations of synthetic catalysts and monocarboxylate transporter inhibitors.

    Bridgewater, Hannah E / Bolitho, Elizabeth M / Romero-Canelón, Isolda / Sadler, Peter J / Coverdale, James P C

    Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry

    2023  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 345–353

    Abstract: Synthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for ... ...

    Abstract Synthetic anticancer catalysts offer potential for low-dose therapy and the targeting of biochemical pathways in novel ways. Chiral organo-osmium complexes, for example, can catalyse the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of pyruvate, a key substrate for energy generation, in cells. However, small-molecule synthetic catalysts are readily poisoned and there is a need to optimise their activity before this occurs, or to avoid this occurring. We show that the activity of the synthetic organometallic redox catalyst [Os(p-cymene)(TsDPEN)] (1), which can reduce pyruvate to un-natural D-lactate in MCF7 breast cancer cells using formate as a hydride source, is significantly increased in combination with the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor AZD3965. AZD3965, a drug currently in clinical trials, also significantly lowers the intracellular level of glutathione and increases mitochondrial metabolism. These synergistic mechanisms of reductive stress induced by 1, blockade of lactate efflux, and oxidative stress induced by AZD3965 provide a strategy for low-dose combination therapy with novel mechanisms of action.
    MeSH term(s) Lactic Acid/chemistry ; Lactic Acid/pharmacology ; Neoplasms ; Pyruvates/chemistry ; Pyruvates/pharmacology ; Catalysis
    Chemical Substances Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; AZD3965 ; Pyruvates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1464026-0
    ISSN 1432-1327 ; 0949-8257
    ISSN (online) 1432-1327
    ISSN 0949-8257
    DOI 10.1007/s00775-023-01994-3
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  5. Article ; Online: Pancreatic cystic lesions and the role of contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound.

    Hickman, K / Sadler, T J / Zhang, T T / Boninsegna, E / Majcher, V / Godfrey, E

    Clinical radiology

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 6, Page(s) 418–427

    Abstract: An exponential rise in the use of cross-sectional imaging has led to an increase in the incidental identification of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL); however, with many subtypes defined to date and heterogeneous morphology with often absent defining ... ...

    Abstract An exponential rise in the use of cross-sectional imaging has led to an increase in the incidental identification of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL); however, with many subtypes defined to date and heterogeneous morphology with often absent defining radiological features, PCLs present a diagnostic challenge. Computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone are frequently not sufficient to provide accurate characterisation. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has an important role in the evaluation and classification of PCLs through its ability to define the internal architecture, which is further enhanced by the use of contrast medium. It is also used widely for the surveillance of larger cysts (>2 cm), which are associated with a greater malignant potential. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the role of contrast-enhanced (CE)-EUS in the diagnosis and risk stratification of PCLs. The features of the main non-neoplastic and neoplastic PCLs observed on CE-EUS are provided. When used in combination with other imaging techniques and patient characteristics, CE-EUS offers a more accurate assessment of PCLs and aids risk stratification. Additionally, CE-EUS enables assessment of parenchymal perfusion improving the precision of cyst characterisation and targeted biopsy of worrisome components. The International Consensus Guidelines recommend regular follow up for patients with mucinous or indeterminate PCLs that are fit enough for surgery. With the growing range of tools available to assess PCLs including CE-EUS, it is hoped that patients can be steered towards surgery, surveillance, or discharge with increasing accuracy.
    MeSH term(s) Endosonography ; Humans ; Pancreas/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreas/pathology ; Pancreatic Cyst/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Cyst/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391227-9
    ISSN 1365-229X ; 0009-9260
    ISSN (online) 1365-229X
    ISSN 0009-9260
    DOI 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.017
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  6. Article ; Online: Inequities in pre-pregnancy folic acid use in Central and South Auckland: secondary analysis from a postpartum contraception survey.

    Tutty, Esther / Wimsett, Jordon / Oyston, Charlotte / Tutty, Sue / Harwood, Matire / Legget, Emelia / Sadler, Lynn

    Journal of primary health care

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 308–315

    Abstract: Introduction In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), there is inequity in rates of neural tube defects (NTDs). Among Maaori, NTD occur in 4.58/10 000 live births, and for Pacific peoples, it is 4.09/10 000 live births; this is compared to 2.81/10 000 live births ... ...

    Abstract Introduction In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), there is inequity in rates of neural tube defects (NTDs). Among Maaori, NTD occur in 4.58/10 000 live births, and for Pacific peoples, it is 4.09/10 000 live births; this is compared to 2.81/10 000 live births for non-Maaori, non-Pacific peoples. Aim To describe self-reported pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation and to determine the association between pregnancy intendedness, ethnicity, parity, maternal age, care provider and pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation. Methods Secondary analysis of postpartum survey data collected at Te Whatu Ora Te Toka Tumai and Counties Manukau birthing facilities in 2020 was conducted. Descriptive analyses explored pregnancy intendedness and self-reported folic acid use by demographic variables. Multivariable logistic regression explored independent associations between demographic variables and folic acid use among intended pregnancies. Results In total, 398 participants completed the survey. The response rate was (140/149) 94% at Counties Manukau and (258/315) 82% at Te Toka Tumai. Pre-pregnancy supplementation was reported by 182 of 398 participants (46%). Use was higher among those who intended their pregnancy (151/262, 58%) compared to those who were 'pregnancy ambivalent' (9/33, 27%) or did not intend to become pregnant (22/103, 21%). Factors independently associated with supplementation among intended pregnancies included: 'Other ethnicity' (European, Middle Eastern, Latin American, African) compared to Maaori (aOR 5.3 (95% CI 1.3, 21.8)), age ≥30 years compared to Discussion Low rates of pre-pregnancy folic acid supplementation exist in Auckland with significant ethnic disparity. Mandatory fortification of non-organic wheat is important, but supplementation is still recommended to maximally reduce risk.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Folic Acid ; Dietary Supplements ; Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology ; Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control ; Postpartum Period ; Contraception
    Chemical Substances Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572943-3
    ISSN 1172-6156 ; 1172-6156
    ISSN (online) 1172-6156
    ISSN 1172-6156
    DOI 10.1071/HC23103
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  7. Article ; Online: A Photodynamic and Photochemotherapeutic Platinum-Iridium Charge-Transfer Conjugate for Anticancer Therapy.

    Shi, Huayun / Carter, Oliver W L / Ponte, Fortuna / Imberti, Cinzia / Gomez-Gonzalez, Miguel A / Cacho-Nerin, Fernando / Quinn, Paul D / Parker, Julia E / Sicilia, Emilia / Huang, Huaiyi / Sadler, Peter J

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2024  , Page(s) e202400476

    Abstract: The novel hetero-dinuclear complex trans,trans,trans-[ ... ...

    Abstract The novel hetero-dinuclear complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.202400476
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  8. Article ; Online: (-)-Epicatechin Alters Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Production Independent of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells.

    Sadler, Daniel G / Barlow, Jonathan / Draijer, Richard / Jones, Helen / Thijssen, Dick H J / Stewart, Claire E

    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 4413191

    Abstract: Introduction: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterised by lowered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which may be explained by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered cell signalling. (-)- ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is characterised by lowered nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which may be explained by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered cell signalling. (-)-Epicatechin (EPI) has proven effective in the context of vascular endothelial dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms associated with EPI's effects remain unclear.
    Methods: HUVECs were treated with EPI (0-20 
    Results: Mitochondrial superoxide production without AA was increased 32% and decreased 53% after 5 and 10
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Catechin/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2455981-7
    ISSN 1942-0994 ; 1942-0994
    ISSN (online) 1942-0994
    ISSN 1942-0994
    DOI 10.1155/2022/4413191
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  9. Article ; Online: Sensory-specific peripheral nerve pathology in a rat model of Fabry disease.

    Waltz, Tyler B / Burand, Anthony J / Sadler, Katelyn E / Stucky, Cheryl L

    Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)

    2021  Volume 10, Page(s) 100074

    Abstract: Fabry disease (FD) causes life-long pain, the mechanisms of which are unclear. Patients with FD have chronic pain that mirrors symptoms of other painful peripheral neuropathies. However, it is unclear what underlying damage occurs in FD peripheral nerves ...

    Abstract Fabry disease (FD) causes life-long pain, the mechanisms of which are unclear. Patients with FD have chronic pain that mirrors symptoms of other painful peripheral neuropathies. However, it is unclear what underlying damage occurs in FD peripheral nerves that may contribute to chronic pain. Here, we characterized myelinated and unmyelinated fiber pathology in peripheral nerves of a rat model of FD. Decreased nerve fiber density and increased nerve fiber pathology were noted in unmyelinated and myelinated fibers from FD rats; both observations were dependent on sampled nerve fiber modality and anatomical location. FD myelinated axons exhibited lipid accumulations that were determined to be the FD-associated lipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), and to a lesser extent lysosomes. These findings suggest that axonal Gb3 accumulation may drive peripheral neuron dysfunction and subsequent pain in FD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2452-073X
    ISSN (online) 2452-073X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100074
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  10. Article ; Online: Historical Structural Racism in the Built Environment and Contemporary Children's Opportunities.

    Blatt, Lorraine R / Sadler, Richard C / Jones, Emily J / Miller, Portia / Hunter-Rue, Daniesha S / Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth

    Pediatrics

    2024  Volume 153, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background and objectives: There are well-documented links between structural racism and inequities in children's opportunities. Yet, when it comes to understanding the role of the built environment, a disproportionate focus on redlining obscures other ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: There are well-documented links between structural racism and inequities in children's opportunities. Yet, when it comes to understanding the role of the built environment, a disproportionate focus on redlining obscures other historical policies and practices such as blockbusting, freeway displacement, and urban renewal that may impact contemporary child development. We hypothesized that historical structural racism in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania's, built environment would be associated with fewer contemporary educational, socioeconomic, and health opportunities. We also hypothesized that these measures would explain more collective variance in children's opportunities than redlining alone.
    Methods: We used geospatial data from the US Census, Mapping Inequality Project, and other archival sources to construct historical measures of redlining, blockbusting, freeway displacement, and urban renewal in ArcGIS at the census tract level. These were linked with data from the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 to measure children's opportunities across domains of education, socioeconomic status, and health. We ran spatial regression analyses in Stata 18.0 to examine individual and collective associations between structural racism and children's opportunities.
    Results: Historical redlining, blockbusting, and urban renewal were largely associated with fewer contemporary educational, socioeconomic, and health opportunities, and explained up to 47.4% of the variance in children's opportunities. The measures collectively explained more variance in children's opportunities than redlining alone.
    Conclusions: In support of our hypotheses, novel measures of structural racism were related to present-day differences in children's opportunities. Findings lay the groundwork for future research focused on repairing longstanding harm perpetuated by structural racism.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Systemic Racism ; Child Development ; Social Class ; Pennsylvania ; Built Environment ; Racism ; Residence Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207677-9
    ISSN 1098-4275 ; 0031-4005
    ISSN (online) 1098-4275
    ISSN 0031-4005
    DOI 10.1542/peds.2023-063230
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