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Article ; Online: The inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from yoghurt on the growth and enterotoxin A gene expression of S. aureus

Ali Misaghi / Mahnoosh Parsaeimehr / Afshin Akhondzadeh / Taghi Zahraee salehi / Hassan Gandomi / Maryam Azizkhani

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 191-

2017 Volume 201

Abstract: ... by Staphylococcus aureus strains and most are caused by the enterotoxins of S. aureus. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA ... in the fight against S. aureus.OBJECTIVES: Increasing product shelf life, and enhancing the safety of food and ... by co-incubating each strain with enterotoxigenic S. aureus at two temperatures: 25 and 35°C. Expression ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Staphylococcal foodborne intoxication is the most common cause of foodborne illnesses by Staphylococcus aureus strains and most are caused by the enterotoxins of S. aureus. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is the most frequently responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks. From a food safety and human health point of view, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may provide a promising strategy in the fight against S. aureus.OBJECTIVES: Increasing product shelf life, and enhancing the safety of food and human health using natural microflora are the aims of this study. METHODS: In this study we evaluate the inhibitory effects of three lactobacillus strains isolated from yoghurt, namely lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus paracasei, on the growth and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus by co-incubating each strain with enterotoxigenic S. aureus at two temperatures: 25 and 35°C. Expression of the SEA gene of S. aureus was assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: All the strains decreased the bacterial count at both temperatures compared to the control. This effect was greater at 25°°C than at 35°C. The production of SEA, SEC and SEE was inhibited by all the isolates tested. Furthermore, expression of the sea gene was significantly suppressed in S. aureus co-cultured with the lactobacillus isolates and the greatest impact was on Lactobacillus acidophilus at 35 ° C. CONCLUSINS: This research highlights the potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional foods for use as natural preservatives in foodstuffs and suggests a new approach for biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords	gene expression ; l. acidophilus ; l. fermentum ; l. paracasei ; s. aureus ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Tehran
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Strategies to improve CHO cell culture performance: Targeted deletion of amino acid catabolism and apoptosis genes paired with growth inhibitor supplementation.

Lam, Cynthia / Sargon, Alyssa / Diaz, Camil / Lai, Zijuan / Sangaraju, Dewakar / Yuk, Inn / Barnard, Gavin / Misaghi, Shahram

Biotechnology progress

2024 , Page(s) e3471

Abstract: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host of choice for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression. Recent advancements in gene editing technology have enabled engineering new CHO hosts with higher growth, viability, or ... ...

Abstract	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host of choice for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression. Recent advancements in gene editing technology have enabled engineering new CHO hosts with higher growth, viability, or productivity. One approach involved knock out (KO) of BCAT1 gene, which codes for the first enzyme in the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism pathway; BCAT1 KO reduced accumulation of growth inhibitory short chain fatty acid (SCFA) byproducts and improved culture growth and titer when used in conjunction with high-end pH-controlled delivery of glucose (HiPDOG) technology and SCFA supplementation during production. Accumulation of SCFAs in the culture media is critical for metabolic shift toward higher specific productivity and hence titer. Here we describe knocking out BCKDHa/b genes (2XKO), which act downstream of the BCAT1, in a BAX/BAK KO CHO host cell line background to reduce accumulation of growth-inhibitory molecules in culture. Evaluation of the new 4XKO CHO cell lines in fed-batch production cultures (without HiPDOG) revealed that partial KO of BCKDHa/b genes in an apoptosis-resistant (BAX/BAK KO) background can achieve higher viabilities and mAb titers. This was evident when SCFAs were added to boost productivity as such additives negatively impacted culture viability in the WT but not BAX/BAK KO cells during batch production. Altogether, our findings suggest that SCFA addbacks can significantly increase productivity and mAb titers in the context of apoptosis-attenuated CHO cells with partial KO of BCAA genes. Such engineered CHO hosts can offer productivity advantages for expressing biotherapeutics in an industrial setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	165657-0
ISSN	1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
ISSN (online)	1520-6033
ISSN	8756-7938
DOI	10.1002/btpr.3471
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Article ; Online: Combining regulated and constitutive protein expression significantly boosts protein expression by increasing productivity without affecting CHO cell growth.

Lam, Cynthia / Carver, Joseph / Ng, Domingos / Zhan, Dejin / Tang, Danming / Kandamkalam, Thara / Snedecor, Brad / Barnard, Gavin / Shen, Amy / Misaghi, Shahram

Biotechnology progress

2023 Volume 39, Issue 3, Page(s) e3337

Abstract: ... growth during clone selection and expansion. Induction of the regulated promoter(s) during the production ...

Abstract	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are commonly used for the expression of therapeutic proteins. To increase the titer output of CHO production cultures either specific productivity (Qp), growth, or both need to be increased. Generally, Qp and growth are inversely correlated and cell lines with high Qp have slower growth and vice versa. During the cell line development (CLD) process, the faster-growing cells tend to take over the culture and represent the majority of the isolated clones post single cell cloning. In this study, combinations of regulated and constitutive expression systems were used to supertransfect targeted integration (TI) cell lines expressing the same antibody either constitutively or under-regulated expression. Clone screening with a hybrid expression system (inducible + constitutive) allowed identification and selection of higher titer clones under uninduced conditions, without a negative impact on cell growth during clone selection and expansion. Induction of the regulated promoter(s) during the production phase increased the Qp without negatively affecting growth, resulting in approximately twofold higher titers (from 3.5 to 6-7 g/L). This was also confirmed using a 2-site TI host where the gene of interest was expressed inducibly from Site 1 and constitutively from Site 2. Our findings suggest that such a hybrid expression CLD system can be used to increase production titers, providing a novel approach for expression of therapeutic proteins with high titer market demands.
MeSH term(s)	Cricetinae ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Clone Cells ; Antibodies ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Antibodies ; Recombinant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	165657-0
ISSN	1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
ISSN (online)	1520-6033
ISSN	8756-7938
DOI	10.1002/btpr.3337
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Article ; Online: Preventing pyruvate kinase muscle expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells curbs lactogenic behavior by altering glycolysis, gating pyruvate generation, and increasing pyruvate flux into the TCA cycle.

Tang, Danming / Sandoval, Wendy / Liu, Peter / Lam, Cynthia / Snedecor, Brad / Misaghi, Shahram

Biotechnology progress

2021 Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) e3193

Abstract: Deletion of the pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM) gene, which is involved in conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, has been shown to curb lactogenic behavior in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This study describes the generation of pyruvate kinase ...

Abstract	Deletion of the pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM) gene, which is involved in conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, has been shown to curb lactogenic behavior in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. This study describes the generation of pyruvate kinase muscle isoforms 1 and 2 knockout (PKM-KO) and pyruvate kinase muscle isoform-1 knockout (PKM1-KO) CHO host cells to understand metabolic shifts that reduce lactate secretion in these cells. Glucose and amino acids uptake levels in wild-type (WT), PKM-KO, and PKM1-KO stable cell lines, expressing two different antibodies, were analyzed in 14-day fed-batch production assays using different vessels. PKM-KO and PKM1-KO cells consumed more glucose per cell, altered amino acids metabolism, had higher flux of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and as previously shown reduced lactate secretion levels compared with the WT cells. Additionally, both PKM-KO and PKM1-KO cells had higher specific productivity and lower cell growth rates compared with the WT cells. Our findings suggest that rewiring the flux of pyruvate to the TCA cycle by deletion of PKM or PKM1 reduced cell growth and increased specific productivity in CHO cells. Overall, PKM1-KO cells had similar product quality and comparable or better titers relative to the WT cells, hence, targeted deletion of this isoform for curbing lactogenic behavior in CHO cells is suggested.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bioreactors ; CHO Cells ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Citric Acid Cycle/physiology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Glycolysis ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/genetics ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/genetics ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
Chemical Substances	Carrier Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Protein Isoforms ; Thyroid Hormones ; Pyruvic Acid (8558G7RUTR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	165657-0
ISSN	1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
ISSN (online)	1520-6033
ISSN	8756-7938
DOI	10.1002/btpr.3193
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Article ; Online: Bax and Bak knockout apoptosis-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines significantly improve culture viability and titer in intensified fed-batch culture process.

Tang, Danming / Lam, Cynthia / Bauer, Niels / Auslaender, Simon / Snedecor, Brad / Laird, Michael W / Misaghi, Shahram

Biotechnology progress

2022 Volume 38, Issue 2, Page(s) e3228

Abstract: In the field of therapeutic protein production, process intensification strategies entailing higher starting cell seeding densities, can potentially increase culture productivity, lower cost of goods and improve facility utilization. However, increased ... ...

Abstract	In the field of therapeutic protein production, process intensification strategies entailing higher starting cell seeding densities, can potentially increase culture productivity, lower cost of goods and improve facility utilization. However, increased cell densities often trigger apoptotic cell death at the end of the cell culture process and thus reduce total viable cell count. Apoptosis-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines may offer the possibility to diminish this undesired outcome of the intensified production process. In this study, we have generated and tested Bax/Bak double-knock-out (DKO) apoptosis resistant hosts to express standard and bispecific antibodies, as well as complex molecules in intensified production processes both as pools and single cell clones, and at different scales. In all cases, therapeutic proteins expressed from clones or pools generated from the Bax/Bak DKO hosts showed not only better viability but also enabled extended productivity in the later stages of the 14-day intensified production process. The product qualities of the produced molecules were comparable between Bax/Bak DKO and wild type cells. Overall, we showed that Bax/Bak DKO apoptosis-resistant host cell lines significantly improve viability and volumetric productivity of the intensified production cultures without altering product qualities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/genetics ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
Chemical Substances	bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	165657-0
ISSN	1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
ISSN (online)	1520-6033
ISSN	8756-7938
DOI	10.1002/btpr.3228
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Article ; Online: LC-HRMS-based targeted metabolomics for high-throughput and quantitative analysis of 21 growth inhibition-related metabolites in Chinese hamster ovary cell fed-batch cultures.

Lai, Zijuan / Choudhury, Feroza K / Tang, Danming / Liang, Xiaorong / Dean, Brian / Misaghi, Shahram / Sangaraju, Dewakar

Biomedical chromatography : BMC

2022 Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) e5348

Abstract: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic proteins. CHO cells in fed-batch cultures produce various amino acid-derived intermediate metabolites. These small molecule metabolic ... ...

Abstract	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic proteins. CHO cells in fed-batch cultures produce various amino acid-derived intermediate metabolites. These small molecule metabolic byproducts have proven to be critical to cell growth, culture performance, and, more interestingly, antibody drug productivity. Herein, we developed an LC-HRMS-based targeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive quantification of total 21 growth inhibition-related metabolites generated from 14 different amino acids in CHO cell fed-batch cultures. High throughput derivatization procedures, matrix-matched calibration curves, stable isotope-labeled internal standards, and accurate mass full MS scan were utilized to achieve our goal for a wide range of metabolite screening as well as validity and reliability of metabolite quantification. We further present a novel analytical strategy for extending the assay's dynamic range by utilizing naturally occurring isotope M + 1 ion as a quantification analog in the circumstances where the principal M ion is beyond its calibration range. The integrated method was qualified for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, isotope analysis, and other analytical aspects to demonstrate assay robustness. We then applied this metabolomics approach to characterize metabolites of interest in a CHO cell-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process with fed-batch bioreactor culture mode. Absolute quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis illustrated that our target analytes derived from amino acids, especially from branched-chain amino acids, closely correlated with cell viability and significantly differentiated cellular stages in production process.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Metabolomics ; Reproducibility of Results
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632848-9
ISSN	1099-0801 ; 0269-3879
ISSN (online)	1099-0801
ISSN	0269-3879
DOI	10.1002/bmc.5348
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Article ; Online: Activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response during production reduces specific productivity in CHO cells via downregulation of PDGFRa and IRE1a signaling.

Castellano, Brian M / Tang, Danming / Marsters, Scot / Lam, Cynthia / Liu, Peter / Rose, Christopher M / Sandoval, Wendy / Ashkenazi, Avi / Snedecor, Brad / Misaghi, Shahram

Biotechnology progress

2023 Volume 39, Issue 5, Page(s) e3354

Abstract: During the course of biopharmaceutical production, heterologous protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells imposes a high proteostatic burden that requires cellular adaptation. To mitigate such burden, cells utilize the unfolded protein ... ...

Abstract	During the course of biopharmaceutical production, heterologous protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells imposes a high proteostatic burden that requires cellular adaptation. To mitigate such burden, cells utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR), which increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity to accommodate elevated rates of protein synthesis and folding. In this study, we show that during production the UPR regulates growth factor signaling to modulate growth and protein synthesis. Specifically, the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) branch of the UPR is responsible for transcriptional down-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) and attenuation of the IRE1-alpha (IRE1a) branch of the UPR. PERK knockout (KO) cell lines displayed reduced growth and viability due to higher rates of apoptosis despite having stabilized PDGFRa levels. Knocking out PERK in an apoptosis impaired (Bax/Bak double KO) antibody-expressing cell line prevented apoptotic cell death and revealed that apoptosis was likely triggered by increased ER stress and reactive oxygen species levels in the PERK KO hosts. Our findings suggest that attenuation of IRE1a and PDGFRa signaling by the PERK branch of the UPR reduces ER protein folding capacity and hence specific productivity of CHO cells in order to mitigate UPR and prevent apoptotic cell death. Last, Bax/Bak/PERK triple KO CHO cell lines displayed 2-3 folds higher specific productivity and titer (up to 8 g/L), suggesting that modulation of PERK signaling during production processes can greatly improve specific productivity in CHO cells.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	165657-0
ISSN	1520-6033 ; 8756-7938
ISSN (online)	1520-6033
ISSN	8756-7938
DOI	10.1002/btpr.3354
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Article ; Online: Peri-hematoma corticospinal tract integrity in intracerebral hemorrhage patients: A diffusion-tensor imaging study.

McCourt, Rebecca / Misaghi, Ehsan / Tu, Wei / Kate, Mahesh / Gioia, Laura / Treit, Sarah / Beaulieu, Christian / Butcher, Ken S

Journal of the neurological sciences

2021 Volume 421, Page(s) 117317

Abstract: Background: The impact of perihematoma edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) on white matter integrity is uncertain. Fractional Anisotropy (FA), as measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), can be used to assess white matter microstructure. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of perihematoma edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) on white matter integrity is uncertain. Fractional Anisotropy (FA), as measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), can be used to assess white matter microstructure. We tested the hypotheses that sections of the Corticospinal Tract (CST) passing through perihematoma edema would 1) have low FA relative to the contralateral CST and 2) would predict NIHSS motor score in ICH patients. Methods: Patients were prospectively imaged with DTI at 48 h and 7 days after onset. Edema volume/extent was measured on CT at baseline and 24 h. FA, mean, axial and radial diffusivity were measured in the perihematoma edema, contralateral CST and sections of CST passing through the edema ('edematous CST'). Results: Patients (n = 27, mean age 67 ± 13) were scanned with DTI at a median (IQR) of 42.3 (24.5) hours and 7.7 (1.8) days from onset. Median acute ICH volume was 8.8 (22) ml. FA in edematous CST at 72 h was decreased (0.37 ± 0.03) relative to contralateral CST (0.52 ± 0.06; p < 0.0001). Day 7 FA in edematous CST (0.35 ± 0.08) was also decreased compared to contralateral CST (0.54 ± 0.06; p < 0.0001). FA remained stable between 72 h (0.37 ± 0.03) and day 7 (0.35 ± 0.07; p = 0.350). FA at 72 h (ρ = -0.22, p = 0.420) and day 7 (ρ = -0.14, p = 0.624) was unrelated to 90-day motor score. Conclusions: FA is decreased in the CST where it passes through the edema. Decreased FA in the edematous CST remained stable over time, was unrelated to motor score, and may represent water infiltration into the tracts rather than axonal injury.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anisotropy ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Hematoma/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pyramidal Tracts/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80160-4
ISSN	1878-5883 ; 0022-510X ; 0374-8642
ISSN (online)	1878-5883
ISSN	0022-510X ; 0374-8642
DOI	10.1016/j.jns.2021.117317
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Article ; Online: Nanocomposite films based on CMC, okra mucilage and ZnO nanoparticles: Physico mechanical and antibacterial properties.

Mohammadi, Hamid / Kamkar, Abolfazl / Misaghi, Ali

Carbohydrate polymers

2017 Volume 181, Page(s) 351–357

Abstract: ... The inhibitory activities of resultant films were stronger against S. aureus than E. coli. ...

Abstract	This work examined the physico mechanical parameters and antibacterial activity of CMC/okra mucilage (OM) blend films containing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Different proportions of CMC and okra mucilage (100/0; 70/30; 60/40 and 50/50 respectively), were mixed and casted to posterior analysis of formed films. The more colored films were obtained by higher contents of okra mucilage and adding ZnO nanoparticles. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into CMC film decreased the elongation at the break (EB) value of the films and increased the tensile strength (TS) value of the film. With increase in CMC concentration in the films, higher water vapor permeability and higher solubility in water were achieved. Microstructure analysis using SEM showed a smooth and compact surface morphology, homogeneous structure, and a rough surface for CMC, CMC+ZnO, and CMC/OM30%+ZnO, respectively. Nanocomposite films presented antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Films contained okra mucilage showed more antibacterial activity. The inhibitory activities of resultant films were stronger against S. aureus than E. coli.
MeSH term(s)	Abelmoschus/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Color ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Nanocomposites/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Permeability ; Plant Mucilage/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Solubility ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Steam ; Surface Properties ; Tensile Strength ; Water/chemistry ; Zinc Oxide/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Plant Mucilage ; Polysaccharides ; Steam ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Zinc Oxide (SOI2LOH54Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1501516-6
ISSN	1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
ISSN (online)	1879-1344
ISSN	0144-8617
DOI	10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.045
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Article ; Online: In vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Probiotic Films Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Sodium Caseinate Against Common Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria

Mahya Mozaffarzogh / Ali Misaghi / Yasser Shahbazi / Abolfazl Kamkar

Journal of Fasting and Health, Vol 7, Iss 4 (Special Issue on Food Safety, Pp 197-

2019 Volume 202

Abstract: ... differences in population, respectively) were as follow: S. aureus (2.13-5.65 mm and -0.79 - -3.82) > L ... monocytogenes (1.76-5.32 mm and -0.65 - -3.34) > S. typhimurium (2.13-4.33 mm and -0.34 - -2.79) > E. coli O157 ... antimicrobial property against S. aureus , L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 and probably solve safety ...

Abstract	Introduction : Consumption of appropriate amount of probiotic microorganisms via food products have health benefits on the host. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research on the characterization and verification potential use of probiotic films in food industry. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial property of probiotic carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium caseinate (CMC-SC) films containing Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. reuteri and Bifidobacterium bifidum against Listeria monocytogenes , Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methods : Preparation of CMC-SC composite films were conducted based on casting method. The in vitro antibacterial property of CMC-SC films was evaluated using agar disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. Results : Antimicrobial property of probiotic films (diameter inhibition zone and log differences in population, respectively) were as follow: S. aureus (2.13-5.65 mm and -0.79 - -3.82) > L. monocytogenes (1.76-5.32 mm and -0.65 - -3.34) > S. typhimurium (2.13-4.33 mm and -0.34 - -2.79) > E. coli O157:H7 (1.88-3.86 mm and -0.18 - -2.62). The best antimicrobial property against aforementioned bacterial pathogens was found for film supplemented with L. acidophilus + L. reuteri + B. bifidum. Conclusion : It can be concluded that incorporation of some probiotic strains into edible films resulted in excellent antimicrobial property against S. aureus , L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 and probably solve safety related issue in food industry.
Keywords	antimicrobial effect ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; probiotic film ; sodium caseinate ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
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