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  1. Article ; Online: MICROPAPILLAE IN SEA URCHIN EGGS.

    Afzelius, B A

    Development, growth & differentiation

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 195–198

    Abstract: Sea urchin eggs fixed in a glutaraldehyde-calcium chloride mixture have "micropapillae" with a dense content. If these structures are real, they are likely to be sites where a fusion with the spermatozoon can take place. It is possible however that they ... ...

    Abstract Sea urchin eggs fixed in a glutaraldehyde-calcium chloride mixture have "micropapillae" with a dense content. If these structures are real, they are likely to be sites where a fusion with the spermatozoon can take place. It is possible however that they represent some kind of preparation artefact without a structural counterpart in the living state.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-06
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280433-5
    ISSN 1440-169X ; 0012-1592
    ISSN (online) 1440-169X
    ISSN 0012-1592
    DOI 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1976.00195.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: THE NUCLEUS OF NOCTILUCA SCINTILLANS: Aspects of Nucleocytoplasmic Exchanges and the Formation of Nuclear Membrane.

    Afzelius, B A

    The Journal of cell biology

    2009  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 229–238

    Abstract: The unicellular organism, Noctiluca, has been examined with the electron microscope. The nucleus is small compared to the very large size of the cell, but the nuclear border has an organization which indicates an active nucleocytoplasmic exchange. ... ...

    Abstract The unicellular organism, Noctiluca, has been examined with the electron microscope. The nucleus is small compared to the very large size of the cell, but the nuclear border has an organization which indicates an active nucleocytoplasmic exchange. Whereas annuli are missing over most parts of the nuclear membrane proper, there are "annulated vesicles" in a layer inside the nuclear membrane. The hypothesis is put forth that nuclear substances move through the annuli into these vesicles, and that the annulated vesicles themselves are transported through the nuclear membrane. The various forms of the annulated vesicles are consistent with this hypothesis. An implication of this postulate is the synthesis of annulated membranes inside a closed nucleus which are physically separate from the endoplasmic reticulum. The chromosomes are in a state resembling prophase chromosomes and are surrounded by granular masses. Only a small portion of the entire nuclear volume is occupied by the chromosomes. There are many nucleolus-like bodies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.19.1.229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: THE OCCURRENCE AND STRUCTURE OF MICROBODIES : A Comparative Study.

    Afzelius, B A

    The Journal of cell biology

    2009  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 835–843

    Abstract: Livers from chickens, rats, mongrel dogs, Dalmatian dogs, and man have been examined in the electron microscope in order to compare the microbodies with the known content of uricase. It is concluded that microbodies with inclusion are present in rats, ... ...

    Abstract Livers from chickens, rats, mongrel dogs, Dalmatian dogs, and man have been examined in the electron microscope in order to compare the microbodies with the known content of uricase. It is concluded that microbodies with inclusion are present in rats, mongrel dogs, and, although the inclusion generally is smaller, in Dalmatian dogs. The inclusion has a characteristic structural appearance. These species (rat, dog) have uricase. Chickens and man lack both the enzyme uricase and the microbody inclusion. This evidence and that from previously published electron micrographs in the literature on microbodies support the notion of a positive correlation between uricase and microbodies with an inclusion. It is recommended that the term "uricosome" be used for such microbodies that have an inclusion of the appearance here described.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.26.3.835
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  4. Article: On the numbering of peripheral doublets in cilia and flagella.

    Afzelius, B A

    Tissue & cell

    2008  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 473–475

    Abstract: The nine microtubular doublets of cilia and flagella have distinctive features that make it possible to assign an index number to each of them. Such an indexing has been used for a long time for animal cilia and flagella, whereas other indexing systems ... ...

    Abstract The nine microtubular doublets of cilia and flagella have distinctive features that make it possible to assign an index number to each of them. Such an indexing has been used for a long time for animal cilia and flagella, whereas other indexing systems have been proposed recently for plant cilia. It is shown here that the similarity between cilia from animals and cilia from plants and protists is so great that the same indexing system can be used for all cilia regardless of their derivation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07-08
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204424-9
    ISSN 1532-3072 ; 0040-8166
    ISSN (online) 1532-3072
    ISSN 0040-8166
    DOI 10.1016/0040-8166(88)90078-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Cilia-related diseases.

    Afzelius, B A

    The Journal of pathology

    2004  Volume 204, Issue 4, Page(s) 470–477

    Abstract: There are at least eight categories of cilia in the human body and malfunctioning of any one or several of them will have different consequences for the patient. A genetic error of the respiratory cilia (9 + 2) is the cause of the airways disease named ... ...

    Abstract There are at least eight categories of cilia in the human body and malfunctioning of any one or several of them will have different consequences for the patient. A genetic error of the respiratory cilia (9 + 2) is the cause of the airways disease named immotile-cilia syndrome (or PCD), whereas defective ependymal cilia (9 + 2) carries an increased risk of hydrocephalus. When the so-called nodal cilia (9 + 0) of the early embryo are malfunctioning, there is a random determination of asymmetry of the heart and visceral organs ('a 50% risk of situs inversus'). Some genes are responsible for the synthesis, transport, and assembly of the cilia, and mutations in these genes may lead to progressive degeneration of ciliary structures, such as the connecting cilium (9 + 0) of the photoreceptor cells-this is the cause of retinitis pigmentosa. Ciliary malfunctions due to genetic errors tend to be systemic and life-long, whereas acquired diseases are local and may be temporary only.
    MeSH term(s) Cilia/genetics ; Cilia/pathology ; Cilia/physiology ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/genetics ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/physiopathology ; Cytoskeleton/genetics ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/genetics ; Hydrocephalus/physiopathology ; Infertility, Female/genetics ; Infertility, Female/physiopathology ; Infertility, Male/genetics ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders/genetics ; Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/physiopathology ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/physiopathology ; Situs Inversus/genetics ; Situs Inversus/physiopathology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-10-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3119-7
    ISSN 1096-9896 ; 0022-3417
    ISSN (online) 1096-9896
    ISSN 0022-3417
    DOI 10.1002/path.1652
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Electron microscopy on the basophilic structures of the sea urchin egg.

    AFZELIUS, B A

    Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie (Vienna, Austria : 1948)

    2002  Volume 45, Issue 6, Page(s) 660–675

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Basophils ; Electrons ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ovum ; Sea Urchins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-04-24
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 6015-x
    ISSN 0340-0336 ; 0044-3794 ; 0373-031X
    ISSN 0340-0336 ; 0044-3794 ; 0373-031X
    DOI 10.1007/bf00338710
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  7. Article: The fine structure of the sea urchin spermatozoa as revealed by the electron microscope.

    AFZELIUS, B A

    Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie (Vienna, Austria : 1948)

    2002  Volume 42, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 134–148

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Echinodermata ; Electrons ; Male ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Sea Urchins ; Spermatozoa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-04-24
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 6015-x
    ISSN 0340-0336 ; 0044-3794 ; 0373-031X
    ISSN 0340-0336 ; 0044-3794 ; 0373-031X
    DOI 10.1007/bf00335087
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  8. Article: Ciliary structure in health and disease.

    Afzelius, B A

    Acta oto-rhino-laryngologica Belgica

    2000  Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 287–291

    Abstract: The architecture of the cilium seemingly is very simple but the appearance is deceptive; its 'engine' actually is quite complex. There is a circle of nine microtubular doublets around two central singlet microtubules, with dynein arms and spokes ... ...

    Abstract The architecture of the cilium seemingly is very simple but the appearance is deceptive; its 'engine' actually is quite complex. There is a circle of nine microtubular doublets around two central singlet microtubules, with dynein arms and spokes extending from the doublets, and nexin links joining them. The inner microtubules are partly surrounded by a central sheath. Many uncertainties remain, for instance the role of the spokes, the nexin links and of the various categories of inner dynein arms. The complexity as seen today is largely the result of new methodologies being introduced, such as the deep-etch technique or image processing using various computer programs. The inborn disease named immotile-cilia syndrome is characterized by the cilia being defective. It is a highly heterogeneous disease in that more than a dozen subgroups characterized by different ciliary defects have been recognized.
    MeSH term(s) Automatic Data Processing ; Cilia/physiology ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/diagnosis ; Ciliary Motility Disorders/physiopathology ; Dyneins/physiology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; Spermatozoa/physiology
    Chemical Substances Dyneins (EC 3.6.4.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80021-1
    ISSN 0001-6497
    ISSN 0001-6497
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  9. Article: The fine structure of the cilia from ctenophore swimming-plates.

    AFZELIUS, B A

    The Journal of biophysical and biochemical cytology

    2000  Volume 9, Page(s) 383–394

    Abstract: The ctenophore swimming-plate has been examined with the electron microscope. It has been recognized as an association of long cilia in tight hexagonal packing. One of the directions of the hexagonal packing is parallel to the long edge of the swimming- ... ...

    Abstract The ctenophore swimming-plate has been examined with the electron microscope. It has been recognized as an association of long cilia in tight hexagonal packing. One of the directions of the hexagonal packing is parallel to the long edge of the swimming-plate and is perpendicular to the direction of the ciliary beat. All the cilia in the swimming-plate are identically oriented. The effective beat in the movement of the swimming-plate is directed towards the aboral pole of the animal, and this is also the side of the unpaired peripheral filament in all the cilia. The direction of the ciliary beat is fixed in relation to the position of the filaments of the cilia. The swimming-plate cilium differs from other types of cilia and flagella in having a filament arrangement that can be described as 9 + 3 as opposed to the conventional 9 + 2 pattern. The central filaments appear in a group of two "tubular" filaments and an associated compact filament. The compact filament might have a supporting function. It has been called "midfilament." Two of the peripheral nine filaments (Fig. 1, Nos. 3 and 8) are joined to the ciliary membrane by means of slender lamellae, which divide the cilium into two unequal compartments. These lamellae have been called "compartmenting lamellae." Some observations of the arrangement of the compartmenting lamelae indicate that they function by cementing the cilia together in lateral rows. The cilia of the rows meet at a short distance from each other, leaving a gap of 30 A only. The meeting points are close to the termini of the compartmenting ridges. An electron-dense substance is sometimes seen bridging the gap. Some irregularities are noted with regard to the arrangement of the compartmenting lamellae particularly at the peripheral rows of cilia. In many cilia in these rows there are small vesicles beneath the ciliary membrane.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cilia ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology ; Ctenophora ; Cytoskeleton ; Histological Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron ; Movement ; Swimming
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218153-8
    ISSN 0095-9901
    ISSN 0095-9901
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.9.2.383
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  10. Article: Characteristics of the sperm tail of the velvet worm, Euperipatoides leuckarti (Onychophora).

    Dallai, R / Afzelius, B A

    Tissue & cell

    2008  Volume 25, Issue 6, Page(s) 907–913

    Abstract: The onychophoran sperm tail contains several kinds of microtubulcs; probably more than that of any other animal group. There are thus a peripheral manchette consisting of many tightly spaced microtubules, a ring of nine 'peripheral singlets' and a ... ...

    Abstract The onychophoran sperm tail contains several kinds of microtubulcs; probably more than that of any other animal group. There are thus a peripheral manchette consisting of many tightly spaced microtubules, a ring of nine 'peripheral singlets' and a central axoneme of the classical 9 + 2 type (nine doublets and two central singlets). The protofilament organization of these various microtubules was examined and compared to the structure and mode of formation of the peripheral singlets with that of its analogues in other animal groups. The onychophoran peripheral singlets were found to differ in two respects from those in insects: they are formed from the manchette rather than from the axonemal doublets and their transient connection to the axoneme is to the A-subtubules of the doublet rather than to the B-subtubules. The manchette microtubules as well as the peripheral singlets consist of 13 protofilaments. The manchette may serve a mechanical function (to strengthen the unusually thick sperm tail) hut the role of the peripheral singlets remains unknown.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07-08
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204424-9
    ISSN 1532-3072 ; 0040-8166
    ISSN (online) 1532-3072
    ISSN 0040-8166
    DOI 10.1016/0040-8166(93)90039-n
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