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Article ; Online: Phylogenetic history influences convergence for a specialized ecology

Natasha Stepanova / Aaron M. Bauer

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

comparative skull morphology of African burrowing skinks (Squamata; Scincidae)

2021 Volume 53

Abstract: Abstract Background Skulls serve many functions and as a result, are subject to many different evolutionary pressures. In squamates, many fossorial species occupy a unique region of skull morphospace, showing convergence across families, due to ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Skulls serve many functions and as a result, are subject to many different evolutionary pressures. In squamates, many fossorial species occupy a unique region of skull morphospace, showing convergence across families, due to modifications related to head-first burrowing. As different substrates have variable physical properties, particular skull shapes may offer selective advantages in certain substrates. Despite this, studies of variation within burrowers have been limited and are typically focused on a single origin of fossoriality. We focused on seven skink genera (Acontias, Typhlosaurus, Scelotes, Sepsina, Feylinia, Typhlacontias, and Mochlus; 39 sp.) from southern Africa, encompassing at least three independent evolutions of semi-fossoriality/fossoriality. We used microCT scans and geometric morphometrics to test how cranial and mandibular shape were influenced by phylogenetic history, size, and ecology. We also qualitatively described the skulls of four species to look at variation across phylogenetic and functional levels, and assess the degree of convergence. Results We found a strong effect of phylogenetic history on cranial and mandibular shape, with size and substrate playing secondary roles. There was a clear gradient in morphospace from less specialized to more specialized burrowers and burrowers in sand were significantly different from those in other substrates. We also created an anatomical atlas for four species with each element described in isolation. Every bone showed some variation in shape and relative scaling of features, with the skull roofing bones, septomaxilla, vomer, and palatine showing the most variation. We showed how broad-scale convergence in traits related to fossoriality can be the result of different anatomical changes. Conclusions Our study used geometric morphometrics and comparative anatomy to examine how skull morphology changes for a highly specialized and demanding lifestyle. Although there was broad convergence in both shape and qualitative traits, ...
Keywords	Squamates ; Computed tomography ; Macroevolution ; Anatomy ; Convergent evolution ; Fossorial ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Evolution ; QH359-425
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lizards of a different stripe

Jackie L. Childers / Sebastian Kirchhof / Aaron M. Bauer

Zoosystematics and Evolution, Vol 97, Iss 1, Pp 249-

phylogenetics of the Pedioplanis undata species complex (Squamata, Lacertidae), with the description of two new species

2021 Volume 272

Abstract: The lacertid genus Pedioplanis is a moderately speciose group of small-bodied, cryptically-colored lizards found in arid habitats throughout southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic work on Pedioplanis has determined its placement within the broader ... ...

Abstract	The lacertid genus Pedioplanis is a moderately speciose group of small-bodied, cryptically-colored lizards found in arid habitats throughout southern Africa. Previous phylogenetic work on Pedioplanis has determined its placement within the broader context of the Lacertidae, but interspecific relations within the genus remain unsettled, particularly within the P. undata species complex, a group largely endemic to Namibia. We greatly expanded taxon sampling for members of the P. undata complex and other Pedioplanis, and generated molecular sequence data from 1,937 bp of mtDNA (ND2 and cyt b) and 2,015 bp of nDNA (KIF24, PRLR, RAG-1) which were combined with sequences from GenBank resulting in a final dataset of 455 individuals. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover similar phylogenetic results and reveal the polyphyly of P. undata and P. inornata as presently construed. We confirm that P. husabensis is sister to the group comprising the P. undata complex plus the Angolan sister species P. huntleyi + P. haackei and demonstrate that P. benguelensis lies outside of this clade in its entirety. The complex itself comprises six species including P. undata, P. inornata, P. rubens, P. gaerdesi and two previously undescribed entities. Based on divergence date estimates, the P. undata species complex began diversifying in the late Miocene (5.3 ± 1.6 MYA) with the most recent cladogenetic events dating to the Pliocene (2.6 ± 1.0 MYA), making this assemblage relatively young compared to the genus Pedioplanis as a whole, the origin of which dates back to the mid-Miocene (13.5 ± 1.8 MYA). Using an integrative approach, we here describe Pedioplanis branchi sp. nov. and Pedioplanis mayeri sp. nov. representing northern populations previously assigned to P. inornata and P. undata, respectively. These entities were first flagged as possible new species by Berger-Dell’mour and Mayer over thirty years ago but were never formally described. The new species are supported chiefly by differences in coloration and by ...
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A new gecko from the earliest Eocene of Dormaal, Belgium

Andrej Čerňanský / Juan D. Daza / Richard Smith / Aaron M. Bauer / Thierry Smith / Annelise Folie

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 9, Iss

a thermophilic element of the ‘greenhouse world’

2022 Volume 6

Abstract: We here describe a new gekkotan lizard from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climates of the past 66 million years (Myr). This new taxon, with an age of 56 Myr, together with indeterminate ...

Abstract	We here describe a new gekkotan lizard from the earliest Eocene (MP 7) of the Dormaal locality in Belgium, from the time of the warmest global climates of the past 66 million years (Myr). This new taxon, with an age of 56 Myr, together with indeterminate gekkotan material reported from Silveirinha (Portugal, MP 7) represent the oldest Cenozoic gekkotans known from Europe. Today gekkotan lizards are distributed worldwide in mainly warm temperate to tropical areas and the new gecko from Dormaal represents a thermophilic faunal element. Given the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum at that time, the distribution of this group in such northern latitudes (above 50° North – the latitude of southern England) is not surprising. Although this new gekkotan is represented only by a frontal (further, dentaries and a mandibular fragment are described here as Gekkota indet. 1 and 2—at least two gekkotan species occurred in Dormaal), it provides a new record for squamate diversity from the earliest Eocene ‘greenhouse world’. Together with the Baltic amber gekkotan Yantarogekko balticus, they document the northern distribution of gekkotans in Europe during the Eocene. The increase in temperature during the early Eocene led to a rise in sea level, and many areas of Eurasia were submerged. Thus, the importance of this period is magnified by understanding future global climate change.
Keywords	squamata ; early Palaeogene ; European archipelago ; Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A new species of thick-toed gecko (Pachydactylus) from Serra da Neve and surrounding rocky areas of southwestern Angola (Squamata

Mariana P. Marques / Diogo Parrinha / Luis M. P. Ceríaco / Ian G. Brennan / Matthew P. Heinicke / Aaron M. Bauer

Vertebrate Zoology, Vol 73, Iss , Pp 325-

Gekkonidae)

2023 Volume 343

Abstract: Several specimens of Pachydactylus angolensis, a poorly known Angolan endemic gecko, have recently been collected in southern Angola, considerably increasing its known distribution range. Previous observations led to the hypothesis that two different ... ...

Abstract	Several specimens of Pachydactylus angolensis, a poorly known Angolan endemic gecko, have recently been collected in southern Angola, considerably increasing its known distribution range. Previous observations led to the hypothesis that two different morphological forms exist in the country—a coastal form and an inland form. Based on the morphological examination of historical and recently collected specimens, as well as on newly generated molecular data, we conducted a taxonomic revision of this putative species complex. The results support the separation of these two forms as two different species. The coastal form belongs to the nominotypic population, while the inland form is here described as a new species, Pachydactylus maiatoi sp. nov. A brief comment on the biogeographical implications of this discovery is also provided.
Keywords	Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How the African house gecko ( Hemidactylus mabouia ) conquered the world

Ishan Agarwal / Luis M. P. Ceríaco / Margarita Metallinou / Todd R. Jackman / Aaron M. Bauer

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 8, Iss

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Alien species are among the greatest threats to biodiversity, but the evolutionary origins of invasiveness remain obscure. We conducted the first range-wide sampling of Hemidactylus mabouia from more than 120 localities across Africa, Madagascar and the ... ...

Abstract	Alien species are among the greatest threats to biodiversity, but the evolutionary origins of invasiveness remain obscure. We conducted the first range-wide sampling of Hemidactylus mabouia from more than 120 localities across Africa, Madagascar and the Neotropics to understand the evolutionary history of one of the most widely distributed, invasive vertebrates in the world. We used a multi-locus phylogeny, species delimitation, fossil-calibrated timetree, ancestral area reconstruction and species distribution models (SDMs) to determine how many putative species-level lineages are contained within H. mabouia, the timing and tempo of diversification, and the origins of commensality—providing insights into the evolutionary origins of invasiveness. Our analyses suggest ‘H. mabouia’ originated in the Miocene in the Zambezian biogeographic region and includes as many as 20 putative species-level lineages, of which only Hemidactylus mabouia sensu stricto is invasive and widely distributed, including all Neotropical records. Zambezia is the hotspot for diversity within the group with 14 species in southeastern Zambezia. SDMs suggest that H. mabouia was able to establish in the Neotropics due to habitat suitability, and globalization and the slave trade probably allowed it to cross the Atlantic. Distribution models for the H. mabouia complex overpredict the range of the invasive H. mabouia sensu stricto—highlighting the importance of taxonomy in invasive species management.
Keywords	biogeography ; commensal ; invasive species ; Squamata ; trans-Atlantic dispersal ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of the Cnemaspis alwisi group (Reptilia

Suranjan Karunarathna / Kanishka D. B. Ukuwela / Anslem De Silva / Aaron M. Bauer / Majintha Madawala / Nikolay A. Poyarkov / Madhava Botejue / Dinesh Gabadage / L. Lee Grismer / Vladislav A. Gorin

Vertebrate Zoology, Vol 73, Iss , Pp 205-

Gekkonidae) in Sri Lanka with a description of two new species from isolated misty-mountains

2023 Volume 236

Abstract: Sri Lanka is a local hotspot for Cnemaspis day geckos with 40 currently known species with 100% endemism. In this paper, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Cnemaspis species belonging to the alwisi group of the podihuna clade and describe two ... ...

Abstract	Sri Lanka is a local hotspot for Cnemaspis day geckos with 40 currently known species with 100% endemism. In this paper, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Cnemaspis species belonging to the alwisi group of the podihuna clade and describe two additional new species of Cnemaspis from Sri Lanka; one from Galgiriya mountain, Kurunegala District, and another from Ethagala mountain, Ampara District. These new species were recorded from granite caves within forested areas in isolated mountains in the dry bioclimatic zone (point-endemics). Both new species are microhabitat specialists with narrow niches limited to humid, cool, canopy-shaded granite caves and old buildings associated with granite caves, where they are camouflaged by their cryptic morphology and body colouration. Furthermore, both species prefer narrow (~ 6–12 mm), long (~ 120–450 mm) and deep (~ 80–260 mm) crevices as refugia. The regions in which these habitats are located receive relatively low annual rainfall (1,000–1,500 mm). These new species are medium in size (28.5–36.8 mm SVL) and can be differentiated from all other Sri Lankan Cnemaspis by the presence of clearly enlarged, subhexagonal subcaudal scales and the absence of precloacal pores in males. Both species described here are categorised herein as Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN Red List criteria. The major threats for these new species are habitat loss due to expansion of commercial-scale agriculture, illicit forest encroachments, and forest fires. Therefore, we recommend that relevant authorities take immediate conservation action to ensure the protection of these forest areas with their buffer zones in the near future.
Keywords	Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparative skull anatomy of terrestrial and crevice-dwelling Trachylepis skinks (Squamata

Daniel J Paluh / Aaron M Bauer

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e

Scincidae) with a survey of resources in scincid cranial osteology.

2017 Volume 0184414

Abstract: Skinks account for more than 25% of all lizard species; however, representatives of fewer than a quarter of all species have been characterized osteologically. All but a few of the available cranial descriptions concentrate solely on characters that can ... ...

Abstract	Skinks account for more than 25% of all lizard species; however, representatives of fewer than a quarter of all species have been characterized osteologically. All but a few of the available cranial descriptions concentrate solely on characters that can be seen externally on the intact skull. Mabuyid skinks of the genus Trachylepis are the dominant, fully limbed skinks in Sub-Saharan Africa, and nearly all species have the same generalized body plan. Although a few rock crevice-dwelling species possess slight body depression, extreme dorsoventral depression is observed only in Trachylepis laevis. We investigated the detailed skull anatomy of three Trachylepis skinks (T. laevis, T. sulcata, and T. gonwouoi, a recently described species allied to T. affinis) using high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography. Our goals were to review the scincid cranial osteology literature in a phylogenetic context, provide a detailed anatomical atlas for the mabuyid lineage, and investigate the morphological adaptations of the highly modified T. laevis. Our results demonstrate that there is significant morphological variation between these three taxa, including the loss and fusion of structures, as well as changes in the shape, scale, and relationship between individual elements. Trachylepis laevis possesses several osteological modifications that have produced a reducton in head depth that are likely functional consequences of extreme rupicolous habits, including a flat skull roof, many strongly recumbent elements, and a depressed neurocranium.We hypothesize these modifications may correspond to descreased bite force and increased capabilities of cranial kinesis. Our study is the first element-by-element description of a skink using computed tomography technology.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reappraising the evolutionary history of the largest known gecko, the presumably extinct Hoplodactylus delcourti, via high-throughput sequencing of archival DNA

Matthew P. Heinicke / Stuart V. Nielsen / Aaron M. Bauer / Ryan Kelly / Anthony J. Geneva / Juan D. Daza / Shannon E. Keating / Tony Gamble

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Hoplodactylus delcourti is a presumably extinct species of diplodactylid gecko known only from a single specimen of unknown provenance. It is by far the largest known gekkotan, approximately 50% longer than the next largest-known species. It has ...

Abstract	Abstract Hoplodactylus delcourti is a presumably extinct species of diplodactylid gecko known only from a single specimen of unknown provenance. It is by far the largest known gekkotan, approximately 50% longer than the next largest-known species. It has been considered a member of the New Zealand endemic genus Hoplodactylus based on external morphological features including shared toe pad structure. We obtained DNA from a bone sample of the only known specimen to generate high-throughput sequence data suitable for phylogenetic analysis of its evolutionary history. Complementary sequence data were obtained from a broad sample of diplodactylid geckos. Our results indicate that the species is not most closely related to extant Hoplodactylus or any other New Zealand gecko. Instead, it is a member of a clade whose living species are endemic to New Caledonia. Phylogenetic comparative analyses indicate that the New Caledonian diplodactylid clade has evolved significantly more disparate body sizes than either the Australian or New Zealand clades. Toe pad structure has changed repeatedly across diplodactylids, including multiple times in the New Caledonia clade, partially explaining the convergence in form between H. delcourti and New Zealand Hoplodactylus. Based on the phylogenetic results, we place H. delcourti in a new genus.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ontogeny, But Not Sexual Dimorphism, Drives the Intraspecific Variation of Quadrate Morphology in Hemidactylus turcicus (Squamata: Gekkonidae)

Paluh, Daniel J / Aaron M. Bauer / Kurtulus Olgun

Herpetologica. 2018 Mar., v. 74, no. 1

2018

Abstract: The functional components of the lizard skull are divided into the chondrocranial braincase, protective dermatocranium, lower jaw, and hyobranchial apparatus. These regions are interconnected and become operational through the quadrate, a bone critical ... ...

Abstract	The functional components of the lizard skull are divided into the chondrocranial braincase, protective dermatocranium, lower jaw, and hyobranchial apparatus. These regions are interconnected and become operational through the quadrate, a bone critical for cranial biomechanics and support of the peripheral auditory system. The quadrate is a complex and variable structure in squamates; however, neither the intraspecific nor interspecific variation of this element has been studied in detail. We investigated the intraspecific variation of quadrate morphology within Hemidactylus turcicus with the use of cleared and double-stained specimens and high-resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography. Our objectives were to quantify quadrate shape and the degree of intraspecific variation within this element with the use of 2-D and 3-D geometric morphometric analyses and investigate if this variation is driven by ontogeny and/or sexual dimorphism. Our results demonstrate that ontogeny, but not sexual shape dimorphism, drives the intraspecific variation of quadrate bone morphology in H. turcicus. We also illustrate the benefit of using 3-D morphometric analyses on complicated morphological structures. This is the first study to quantify the intraspecific variation of a single cranial element within geckos, and it highlights the importance of using increased sample sizes to further characterize the natural variation of skeletal morphology.
Keywords	biomechanics ; geometry ; Hemidactylus ; interspecific variation ; intraspecific variation ; lizards ; micro-computed tomography ; morphometry ; ontogeny ; sexual dimorphism ; skull ; X-radiation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 22-28.
Publishing place	The Herpetologists' League, Inc.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1938-5099
DOI	10.1655/Herpetologica-D-17-00037.1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: An integrative approach to the nomenclature and taxonomic status of the genus Blanus Wagler, 1830 (Squamata: Blanidae) from the Iberian Peninsula

Ceríaco, Luis M. P / Aaron M. Bauer

Journal of natural history. 2018 Mar. 30, v. 52, no. 13-16

2018

Abstract: Presently two species of the genus Blanus are known from the Iberian Peninsula, Blanus cinereus Vandelli, 1797 and Blanus mariae Albert & Fernández, 2009 The latter was recently described based on molecular studies that pointed to the existence of two ... ...

Abstract	Presently two species of the genus Blanus are known from the Iberian Peninsula, Blanus cinereus Vandelli, 1797 and Blanus mariae Albert & Fernández, 2009 The latter was recently described based on molecular studies that pointed to the existence of two well-separated lineages on the peninsula. However the description of B. mariae contained several flaws that render the description invalid, namely the designation of an invalid lectotype, the application of the name B. cinereus to a lineage different from that for which it was originally described, and the apparent disregard for the available nomina Amphisbaena reticulata Thunberg, 1787,Amphisbaena rufa Hemprich 1820 and Amphisbaena oxyura Wagler, 1824 Here we use an integrative approach to link morphological, molecular and historical evidence to identify the original type locality of B. cinereus and the population to which the name applies, trace the fate of its type specimen, present a detailed review of the nomenclatural acts and decisions taken by other authors, revise the nomenclatural history of other potentially available nomina, and provide a new nomenclatural arrangement to the group. Blanus mariae is considered a junior synonym of B. cinereus and we describe Blanus vandellii sp. nov. as a new species. A neotype of B. cinereus is also designated and described. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B3F5DB7E-6F11-49AA-942C-20019E754249
Keywords	Oxyura ; Squamata ; lectotypes ; neotypes ; new species ; Iberian Peninsula
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0330
Size	p. 849-880.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1467695-3
ISSN	1464-5262 ; 0022-2933
ISSN (online)	1464-5262
ISSN	0022-2933
DOI	10.1080/00222933.2017.1422283
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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