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  1. Article ; Online: Under-5 mortality and morbidity outcomes of fertility postponement in Turkey: explanations by observed and unobserved characteristics.

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu

    Biodemography and social biology

    2021  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 91–117

    Abstract: This paper investigates the association between advanced maternal age and under-5 mortality and morbidity in Turkey, and is the first such study in the country to use a sibling comparison model to analyze this phenomenon. The study is based on data ... ...

    Abstract This paper investigates the association between advanced maternal age and under-5 mortality and morbidity in Turkey, and is the first such study in the country to use a sibling comparison model to analyze this phenomenon. The study is based on data obtained from the 2013 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey, and analyzes the association of advanced maternal age with: (1) under-five mortality, using Cox proportional hazard models and their stratified versions to compare sibling groups born to the same mother in the 1978-2013 period, and (2) under-five morbidity; specifically, being born with low birth weight, stunting, underweight, and wasting based on between- and within-sibling groups models for the 2008-2013 period. Overall, our findings suggest that the hazard of under-5 mortality increases as maternal age increases. We conclude that period effects have failed to reverse the impeding effects of advanced maternal age on child mortality. Between-sibling group models indicate a positive but close to null association between advanced maternal age and child morbidity in general, although these positive associations vanish once we apply within-sibling group models. This result can be partially attributed to our controlling for unobserved characteristics specific to sibling groups, in addition to other methodological differences.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Fertility ; Infant Mortality ; Maternal Age ; Morbidity ; Turkey/epidemiology ; Child Mortality ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Child, Preschool
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2482287-5
    ISSN 1948-5573 ; 0037-766X ; 1948-5565
    ISSN (online) 1948-5573
    ISSN 0037-766X ; 1948-5565
    DOI 10.1080/19485565.2020.1821596
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Birth and employment transitions of women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysıt

    conflicting or compatible roles?

    (Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum working paper series ; 1801)

    2018  

    Abstract: The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way ...

    Author's details Ayşe Abbasoğlu Özgören, Banu Ergöçmen, Aysit Tansel
    Series title Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum working paper series ; 1801
    Abstract The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way relationship between women’s employment and fertility in Turkey using a hazard approach with piece-wise constant exponential modelling, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of an event history analysis to analyze this relationship within a developing country context. Specifically, a separate analysis is made of the association between the employment statuses of women in their first, second, third, and fourth and higher order conceptions, and the association of fertility and its various dimensions with entry and exit from employment. The findings suggest that a two-way negative association exists between fertility and employment among women in Turkey, with increasing intensities identified among some groups of women. Our findings also cast light on how contextual changes related to the incompatibility of the roles of worker and mother have transformed the fertility-employment relationship in Turkey, in line with propositions of the role incompatibility hypothesis.
    Keywords Fertility ; Employment ; Women ; Event History Analysis ; Turkey
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Koç University - TÜSİAD Economic Research Forum
    Publishing place Sarıyer/Istanbul
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  3. Book ; Online: Birth and employment transitions of women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysıt

    conflicting or compatible roles?

    (ERC working papers in economics ; 17, 16 (December 2017))

    2017  

    Author's details Ayşe Abbasoğlu Özgören (Department of Demography, Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara, Turkey), Banu Ergöçmen (Department of Demography, Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara, Turkey), Aysit Tansel (Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Bonn, Germany, and Economic Research Forum (ERF), Cairo, Egypt)
    Series title ERC working papers in economics ; 17, 16 (December 2017)
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Economic Research Center
    Publishing place Ankara
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  4. Book ; Online: Birth and employment transitions of women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysıt

    conflicting or compatible roles?

    (Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11238)

    2017  

    Abstract: The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way ...

    Author's details Ayşe Abbasoğlu Özgören, Banu Ergöçmen, Aysit Tansel
    Series title Discussion paper / IZA ; no. 11238
    Abstract The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way relationship between women's employment and fertility in Turkey using a hazard approach with piece-wise constant exponential modelling, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of an event history analysis to analyze this relationship within a developing country context. Specifically, a separate analysis is made of the association between the employment statuses of women in their first, second, third, and fourth and higher order conceptions, and the association of fertility and its various dimensions with entry and exit from employment. The findings suggest that a two-way negative association exists between fertility and employment among women in Turkey, with increasing intensities identified among some groups of women. Our findings also cast light on how contextual changes related to the incompatibility of the roles of worker and mother have transformed the fertility-employment relationship in Turkey, in line with propositions of the role incompatibility hypothesis.
    Keywords fertility ; employment ; women ; event history analysis ; Turkey
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher IZA
    Publishing place Bonn, Germany
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  5. Book ; Article ; Online: Birth and Employment Transitions of Women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysit

    Conflicting or Compatible Roles?

    2017  

    Abstract: The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way ...

    Abstract The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way relationship between women's employment and fertility in Turkey using a hazard approach with piece-wise constant exponential modelling, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of an event history analysis to analyze this relationship within a developing country context. Specifically, a separate analysis is made of the association between the employment statuses of women in their first, second, third, and fourth and higher order conceptions, and the association of fertility and its various dimensions with entry and exit from employment. The findings suggest that a two-way negative association exists between fertility and employment among women in Turkey, with increasing intensities identified among some groups of women. Our findings also cast light on how contextual changes related to the incompatibility of the roles of worker and mother have transformed the fertility-employment relationship in Turkey, in line with propositions of the role incompatibility hypothesis.
    Keywords C41 ; J13 ; J16 ; ddc:330 ; fertility ; employment ; women ; event history analysis ; Turkey
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publisher Bonn: Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Book ; Article ; Online: Birth and employment transitions of women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysit

    Conflicting or compatible roles?

    2017  

    Abstract: The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way ...

    Abstract The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way relationship between women's employment and fertility in Turkey using a hazard approach with piece-wise constant exponential modelling, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of an event history analysis to analyze this relationship within a developing country context. Specifically, a separate analysis is made of the association between the employment statuses of women in their first, second, third, and fourth and higher order conceptions, and the association of fertility and its various dimensions with entry and exit from employment. The findings suggest that a two-way negative association exists between fertility and employment among women in Turkey, with increasing intensities identified among some groups of women. Our findings also cast light on how contextual changes related to the incompatibility of the roles of worker and mother have transformed the fertility-employment relationship in Turkey, in line with propositions of the role incompatibility hypothesis.
    Keywords C41 ; J13 ; J16 ; ddc:330 ; Fertility ; Employment ; Women ; Event History Analysis ; Turkey
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publisher Ankara: Turkish Economic Association
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  7. Book ; Article ; Online: Birth and Employment Transitions of Women in Turkey

    Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Ergöçmen, Banu / Tansel, Aysit

    Conflicting or Compatible Roles?

    2017  

    Abstract: The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way ...

    Abstract The relationship between fertility and employment among women is a challenging topic that requires further exploration, especially for developing countries where the micro and macro evidence fails to paint a clear picture. This study analyzes the two-way relationship between women’s employment and fertility in Turkey using a hazard approach with piece-wise constant exponential modelling, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of an event history analysis to analyze this relationship within a developing country context. Specifically, a separate analysis is made of the association between the employment statuses of women in their first, second, third, and fourth and higher order conceptions, and the association of fertility and its various dimensions with entry and exit from employment. The findings suggest that a two-way negative association exists between fertility and employment among women in Turkey, with increasing intensities identified among some groups of women. Our findings also cast light on how contextual changes related to the incompatibility of the roles of worker and mother have transformed the fertility-employment relationship in Turkey, in line with propositions of the role incompatibility hypothesis.
    Keywords C41 ; J13 ; J16 ; ddc:330 ; Fertility ; Employment ; Women ; Event History Analysis ; Turkey
    Subject code 331
    Language English
    Publisher Maastricht: Global Labor Organization (GLO)
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  8. Article: Differentials in receiving postpartum care of infants and its determinants in Turkey.

    Türkyılmaz, Ahmet Sinan / Abbasoğlu Özgören, Ayşe / Yıldız, Dilek

    The Turkish journal of pediatrics

    2013  Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 172–179

    Abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the differentials in receiving postpartum care of infants in Turkey and the determinants of receiving postpartum care by infants in Turkey, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey and ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze the differentials in receiving postpartum care of infants in Turkey and the determinants of receiving postpartum care by infants in Turkey, using data from the 2008 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey and multivariate logistic analyses accounting for the complex sample design. The descriptive analyses indicated that the majority of infants receive postpartum care in Turkey, although there are disadvantaged groups. Analysis of the determinants of receiving postpartum care of infants indicated that the variables having the most explanatory power are bio-demographic or health-related variables that are directly related to health and/or birth. Following these variables, economic characteristics such as maternal health coverage and maternal educational level were observed to be effective, and additionally the demographic region.
    MeSH term(s) Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance, Health/statistics & numerical data ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postnatal Care/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Turkey
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-03
    Publishing country Turkey
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123487-0
    ISSN 0041-4301
    ISSN 0041-4301
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 988: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

    Forouzanfar, Mohammad H / Alexander, Lily / Anderson, H Ross / Bachman, Victoria F / Biryukov, Stan / Brauer, Michael / Burnett, Richard / Casey, Daniel / Coates, Matthew M / Cohen, Aaron / Delwiche, Kristen / Estep, Kara / Frostad, Joseph J / Astha, K C / Kyu, Hmwe H / Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar / Ng, Marie / Slepak, Erica Leigh / Thomas, Bernadette A /
    Wagner, Joseph / Aasvang, Gunn Marit / Abbafati, Cristiana / Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse / Abd-Allah, Foad / Abera, Semaw F / Aboyans, Victor / Abraham, Biju / Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal / Abubakar, Ibrahim / Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E / Aburto, Tania C / Achoki, Tom / Adelekan, Ademola / Adofo, Koranteng / Adou, Arsène K / Adsuar, José C / Afshin, Ashkan / Agardh, Emilie E / Al Khabouri, Mazin J / Al Lami, Faris H / Alam, Sayed Saidul / Alasfoor, Deena / Albittar, Mohammed I / Alegretti, Miguel A / Aleman, Alicia V / Alemu, Zewdie A / Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael / Alhabib, Samia / Ali, Raghib / Ali, Mohammed K / Alla, François / Allebeck, Peter / Allen, Peter J / Alsharif, Ubai / Alvarez, Elena / Alvis-Guzman, Nelson / Amankwaa, Adansi A / Amare, Azmeraw T / Ameh, Emmanuel A / Ameli, Omid / Amini, Heresh / Ammar, Walid / Anderson, Benjamin O / Antonio, Carl Abelardo T / Anwari, Palwasha / Argeseanu Cunningham, Solveig / Arnlöv, Johan / Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic / Artaman, Al / Asghar, Rana J / Assadi, Reza / Atkins, Lydia S / Atkinson, Charles / Avila, Marco A / Awuah, Baffour / Badawi, Alaa / Bahit, Maria C / Bakfalouni, Talal / Balakrishnan, Kalpana / Balalla, Shivanthi / Balu, Ravi Kumar / Banerjee, Amitava / Barber, Ryan M / Barker-Collo, Suzanne L / Barquera, Simon / Barregard, Lars / Barrero, Lope H / Barrientos-Gutierrez, Tonatiuh / Basto-Abreu, Ana C / Basu, Arindam / Basu, Sanjay / Basulaiman, Mohammed O / Batis Ruvalcaba, Carolina / Beardsley, Justin / Bedi, Neeraj / Bekele, Tolesa / Bell, Michelle L / Benjet, Corina / Bennett, Derrick A / Benzian, Habib / Bernabé, Eduardo / Beyene, Tariku J / Bhala, Neeraj / Bhalla, Ashish / Bhutta, Zulfiqar A / Bikbov, Boris / Bin Abdulhak, Aref A / Blore, Jed D / Blyth, Fiona M / Bohensky, Megan A / Bora Başara, Berrak / Borges, Guilherme / Bornstein, Natan M / Bose, Dipan / Boufous, Soufiane / Bourne, Rupert R / Brainin, Michael / Brazinova, Alexandra / Breitborde, Nicholas J / Brenner, Hermann / Briggs, Adam D M / Broday, David M / Brooks, Peter M / Bruce, Nigel G / Brugha, Traolach S / Brunekreef, Bert / Buchbinder, Rachelle / Bui, Linh N / Bukhman, Gene / Bulloch, Andrew G / Burch, Michael / Burney, Peter G J / Campos-Nonato, Ismael R / Campuzano, Julio C / Cantoral, Alejandra J / Caravanos, Jack / Cárdenas, Rosario / Cardis, Elisabeth / Carpenter, David O / Caso, Valeria / Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A / Castro, Ruben E / Catalá-López, Ferrán / Cavalleri, Fiorella / Çavlin, Alanur / Chadha, Vineet K / Chang, Jung-Chen / Charlson, Fiona J / Chen, Honglei / Chen, Wanqing / Chen, Zhengming / Chiang, Peggy P / Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel / Chowdhury, Rajiv / Christophi, Costas A / Chuang, Ting-Wu / Chugh, Sumeet S / Cirillo, Massimo / Claßen, Thomas K D / Colistro, Valentina / Colomar, Mercedes / Colquhoun, Samantha M / Contreras, Alejandra G / Cooper, Cyrus / Cooperrider, Kimberly / Cooper, Leslie T / Coresh, Josef / Courville, Karen J / Criqui, Michael H / Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia / Damsere-Derry, James / Danawi, Hadi / Dandona, Lalit / Dandona, Rakhi / Dargan, Paul I / Davis, Adrian / Davitoiu, Dragos V / Dayama, Anand / de Castro, E Filipa / De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa / De Leo, Diego / de Lima, Graça / Degenhardt, Louisa / del Pozo-Cruz, Borja / Dellavalle, Robert P / Deribe, Kebede / Derrett, Sarah / Des Jarlais, Don C / Dessalegn, Muluken / deVeber, Gabrielle A / Devries, Karen M / Dharmaratne, Samath D / Dherani, Mukesh K / Dicker, Daniel / Ding, Eric L / Dokova, Klara / Dorsey, E Ray / Driscoll, Tim R / Duan, Leilei / Durrani, Adnan M / Ebel, Beth E / Ellenbogen, Richard G / Elshrek, Yousef M / Endres, Matthias / Ermakov, Sergey P / Erskine, Holly E / Eshrati, Babak / Esteghamati, Alireza / Fahimi, Saman / Faraon, Emerito Jose A / Farzadfar, Farshad / Fay, Derek F J / Feigin, Valery L / Feigl, Andrea B / Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad / Ferrari, Alize J / Ferri, Cleusa P / Flaxman, Abraham D / Fleming, Thomas D / Foigt, Nataliya / Foreman, Kyle J / Paleo, Urbano Fra / Franklin, Richard C / Gabbe, Belinda / Gaffikin, Lynne / Gakidou, Emmanuela / Gamkrelidze, Amiran / Gankpé, Fortuné G / Gansevoort, Ron T / García-Guerra, Francisco A / Gasana, Evariste / Geleijnse, Johanna M / Gessner, Bradford D / Gething, Pete / Gibney, Katherine B / Gillum, Richard F / Ginawi, Ibrahim A M / Giroud, Maurice / Giussani, Giorgia / Goenka, Shifalika / Goginashvili, Ketevan / Gomez Dantes, Hector / Gona, Philimon / Gonzalez de Cosio, Teresita / González-Castell, Dinorah / Gotay, Carolyn C / Goto, Atsushi / Gouda, Hebe N / Guerrant, Richard L / Gugnani, Harish C / Guillemin, Francis / Gunnell, David / Gupta, Rahul / Gupta, Rajeev / Gutiérrez, Reyna A / Hafezi-Nejad, Nima / Hagan, Holly / Hagstromer, Maria / Halasa, Yara A / Hamadeh, Randah R / Hammami, Mouhanad / Hankey, Graeme J / Hao, Yuantao / Harb, Hilda L / Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu / Haro, Josep Maria / Havmoeller, Rasmus / Hay, Simon I / Hedayati, Mohammad T / Heredia-Pi, Ileana B / Hernandez, Lucia / Heuton, Kyle R / Heydarpour, Pouria / Hijar, Martha / Hoek, Hans W / Hoffman, Howard J / Hornberger, John C / Hosgood, H Dean / Hoy, Damian G / Hsairi, Mohamed / Hu, Guoqing / Hu, Howard / Huang, Cheng / Huang, John J / Hubbell, Bryan J / Huiart, Laetitia / Husseini, Abdullatif / Iannarone, Marissa L / Iburg, Kim M / Idrisov, Bulat T / Ikeda, Nayu / Innos, Kaire / Inoue, Manami / Islami, Farhad / Ismayilova, Samaya / Jacobsen, Kathryn H / Jansen, Henrica A / Jarvis, Deborah L / Jassal, Simerjot K / Jauregui, Alejandra / Jayaraman, Sudha / Jeemon, Panniyammakal / Jensen, Paul N / Jha, Vivekanand / Jiang, Fan / Jiang, Guohong / Jiang, Ying / Jonas, Jost B / Juel, Knud / Kan, Haidong / Kany Roseline, Sidibe S / Karam, Nadim E / Karch, André / Karema, Corine K / Karthikeyan, Ganesan / Kaul, Anil / Kawakami, Norito / Kazi, Dhruv S / Kemp, Andrew H / Kengne, Andre P / Keren, Andre / Khader, Yousef S / Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan / Khan, Ejaz A / Khang, Young-Ho / Khatibzadeh, Shahab / Khonelidze, Irma / Kieling, Christian / Kim, Daniel / Kim, Sungroul / Kim, Yunjin / Kimokoti, Ruth W / Kinfu, Yohannes / Kinge, Jonas M / Kissela, Brett M / Kivipelto, Miia / Knibbs, Luke D / Knudsen, Ann Kristin / Kokubo, Yoshihiro / Kose, M Rifat / Kosen, Soewarta / Kraemer, Alexander / Kravchenko, Michael / Krishnaswami, Sanjay / Kromhout, Hans / Ku, Tiffany / Kuate Defo, Barthelemy / Kucuk Bicer, Burcu / Kuipers, Ernst J / Kulkarni, Chanda / Kulkarni, Veena S / Kumar, G Anil / Kwan, Gene F / Lai, Taavi / Lakshmana Balaji, Arjun / Lalloo, Ratilal / Lallukka, Tea / Lam, Hilton / Lan, Qing / Lansingh, Van C / Larson, Heidi J / Larsson, Anders / Laryea, Dennis O / Lavados, Pablo M / Lawrynowicz, Alicia E / Leasher, Janet L / Lee, Jong-Tae / Leigh, James / Leung, Ricky / Levi, Miriam / Li, Yichong / Li, Yongmei / Liang, Juan / Liang, Xiaofeng / Lim, Stephen S / Lindsay, M Patrice / Lipshultz, Steven E / Liu, Shiwei / Liu, Yang / Lloyd, Belinda K / Logroscino, Giancarlo / London, Stephanie J / Lopez, Nancy / Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie / Lotufo, Paulo A / Lozano, Rafael / Lunevicius, Raimundas / Ma, Jixiang / Ma, Stefan / Machado, Vasco M P / MacIntyre, Michael F / Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos / Mahdi, Abbas A / Majdan, Marek / Malekzadeh, Reza / Mangalam, Srikanth / Mapoma, Christopher C / Marape, Marape / Marcenes, Wagner / Margolis, David J / Margono, Christopher / Marks, Guy B / Martin, Randall V / Marzan, Melvin B / Mashal, Mohammad T / Masiye, Felix / Mason-Jones, Amanda J / Matsushita, Kunihiro / Matzopoulos, Richard / Mayosi, Bongani M / Mazorodze, Tasara T / McKay, Abigail C / McKee, Martin / McLain, Abigail / Meaney, Peter A / Medina, Catalina / Mehndiratta, Man Mohan / Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola / Mekonnen, Wubegzier / Melaku, Yohannes A / Meltzer, Michele / Memish, Ziad A / Mendoza, Walter / Mensah, George A / Meretoja, Atte / Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary / Micha, Renata / Miller, Ted R / Mills, Edward J / Misganaw, Awoke / Mishra, Santosh / Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah / Mohammad, Karzan A / Mokdad, Ali H / Mola, Glen L / Monasta, Lorenzo / Montañez Hernandez, Julio C / Montico, Marcella / Moore, Ami R / Morawska, Lidia / Mori, Rintaro / Moschandreas, Joanna / Moturi, Wilkister N / Mozaffarian, Dariush / Mueller, Ulrich O / Mukaigawara, Mitsuru / Mullany, Erin C / Murthy, Kinnari S / Naghavi, Mohsen / Nahas, Ziad / Naheed, Aliya / Naidoo, Kovin S / Naldi, Luigi / Nand, Devina / Nangia, Vinay / Narayan, K M Venkat / Nash, Denis / Neal, Bruce / Nejjari, Chakib / Neupane, Sudan P / Newton, Charles R / Ngalesoni, Frida N / Ngirabega, Jean de Dieu / Nguyen, Grant / Nguyen, Nhung T / Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J / Nisar, Muhammad I / Nogueira, José R / Nolla, Joan M / Nolte, Sandra / Norheim, Ole F / Norman, Rosana E / Norrving, Bo / Nyakarahuka, Luke / Oh, In-Hwan / Ohkubo, Takayoshi / Olusanya, Bolajoko O / Omer, Saad B / Opio, John Nelson / Orozco, Ricardo / Pagcatipunan, Rodolfo S / Pain, Amanda W / Pandian, Jeyaraj D / Panelo, Carlo Irwin A / Papachristou, Christina / Park, Eun-Kee / Parry, Charles D / Paternina Caicedo, Angel J / Patten, Scott B / Paul, Vinod K / Pavlin, Boris I / Pearce, Neil / Pedraza, Lilia S / Pedroza, Andrea / Pejin Stokic, Ljiljana / Pekericli, Ayfer / Pereira, David M / Perez-Padilla, Rogelio / Perez-Ruiz, Fernando / Perico, Norberto / Perry, Samuel A L / Pervaiz, Aslam / Pesudovs, Konrad / Peterson, Carrie B / Petzold, Max / Phillips, Michael R / Phua, Hwee Pin / Plass, Dietrich / Poenaru, Dan / Polanczyk, Guilherme V / Polinder, Suzanne / Pond, Constance D / Pope, C Arden / Pope, Daniel / Popova, Svetlana / Pourmalek, Farshad / Powles, John / Prabhakaran, Dorairaj / Prasad, Noela M / Qato, Dima M / Quezada, Amado D / Quistberg, D Alex A / Racapé, Lionel / Rafay, Anwar / Rahimi, Kazem / Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa / Rahman, Sajjad Ur / Raju, Murugesan / Rakovac, Ivo / Rana, Saleem M / Rao, Mayuree / Razavi, Homie / Reddy, K Srinath / Refaat, Amany H / Rehm, Jürgen / Remuzzi, Giuseppe / Ribeiro, Antonio L / Riccio, Patricia M / Richardson, Lee / Riederer, Anne / Robinson, Margaret / Roca, Anna / Rodriguez, Alina / Rojas-Rueda, David / Romieu, Isabelle / Ronfani, Luca / Room, Robin / Roy, Nobhojit / Ruhago, George M / Rushton, Lesley / Sabin, Nsanzimana / Sacco, Ralph L / Saha, Sukanta / Sahathevan, Ramesh / Sahraian, Mohammad Ali / Salomon, Joshua A / Salvo, Deborah / Sampson, Uchechukwu K / Sanabria, Juan R / Sanchez, Luz Maria / Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G / Sanchez-Riera, Lidia / Sandar, Logan / Santos, Itamar S / Sapkota, Amir / Satpathy, Maheswar / Saunders, James E / Sawhney, Monika / Saylan, Mete I / Scarborough, Peter / Schmidt, Jürgen C / Schneider, Ione J C / Schöttker, Ben / Schwebel, David C / Scott, James G / Seedat, Soraya / Sepanlou, Sadaf G / Serdar, Berrin / Servan-Mori, Edson E / Shaddick, Gavin / Shahraz, Saeid / Levy, Teresa Shamah / Shangguan, Siyi / She, Jun / Sheikhbahaei, Sara / Shibuya, Kenji / Shin, Hwashin H / Shinohara, Yukito / Shiri, Rahman / Shishani, Kawkab / Shiue, Ivy / Sigfusdottir, Inga D / Silberberg, Donald H / Simard, Edgar P / Sindi, Shireen / Singh, Abhishek / Singh, Gitanjali M / Singh, Jasvinder A / Skirbekk, Vegard / Sliwa, Karen / Soljak, Michael / Soneji, Samir / Søreide, Kjetil / Soshnikov, Sergey / Sposato, Luciano A / Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T / Stapelberg, Nicolas J C / Stathopoulou, Vasiliki / Steckling, Nadine / Stein, Dan J / Stein, Murray B / Stephens, Natalie / Stöckl, Heidi / Straif, Kurt / Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos / Sturua, Lela / Sunguya, Bruno F / Swaminathan, Soumya / Swaroop, Mamta / Sykes, Bryan L / Tabb, Karen M / Takahashi, Ken / Talongwa, Roberto T / Tandon, Nikhil / Tanne, David / Tanner, Marcel / Tavakkoli, Mohammad / Te Ao, Braden J / Teixeira, Carolina M / Téllez Rojo, Martha M / Terkawi, Abdullah S / Texcalac-Sangrador, José Luis / Thackway, Sarah V / Thomson, Blake / Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L / Thrift, Amanda G / Thurston, George D / Tillmann, Taavi / Tobollik, Myriam / Tonelli, Marcello / Topouzis, Fotis / Towbin, Jeffrey A / Toyoshima, Hideaki / Traebert, Jefferson / Tran, Bach X / Trasande, Leonardo / Trillini, Matias / Trujillo, Ulises / Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala / Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis / Tuzcu, Emin Murat / Uchendu, Uche S / Ukwaja, Kingsley N / Uzun, Selen B / van de Vijver, Steven / Van Dingenen, Rita / van Gool, Coen H / van Os, Jim / Varakin, Yuri Y / Vasankari, Tommi J / Vasconcelos, Ana Maria N / Vavilala, Monica S / Veerman, Lennert J / Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo / Venketasubramanian, N / Vijayakumar, Lakshmi / Villalpando, Salvador / Violante, Francesco S / Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich / Vollset, Stein Emil / Wagner, Gregory R / Waller, Stephen G / Wallin, Mitchell T / Wan, Xia / Wang, Haidong / Wang, JianLi / Wang, Linhong / Wang, Wenzhi / Wang, Yanping / Warouw, Tati S / Watts, Charlotte H / Weichenthal, Scott / Weiderpass, Elisabete / Weintraub, Robert G / Werdecker, Andrea / Wessells, K Ryan / Westerman, Ronny / Whiteford, Harvey A / Wilkinson, James D / Williams, Hywel C / Williams, Thomas N / Woldeyohannes, Solomon M / Wolfe, Charles D A / Wong, John Q / Woolf, Anthony D / Wright, Jonathan L / Wurtz, Brittany / Xu, Gelin / Yan, Lijing L / Yang, Gonghuan / Yano, Yuichiro / Ye, Pengpeng / Yenesew, Muluken / Yentür, Gökalp K / Yip, Paul / Yonemoto, Naohiro / Yoon, Seok-Jun / Younis, Mustafa Z / Younoussi, Zourkaleini / Yu, Chuanhua / Zaki, Maysaa E / Zhao, Yong / Zheng, Yingfeng / Zhou, Maigeng / Zhu, Jun / Zhu, Shankuan / Zou, Xiaonong / Zunt, Joseph R / Lopez, Alan D / Vos, Theo / Murray, Christopher J

    Lancet (London, England)

    2015  Volume 386, Issue 10010, Page(s) 2287–2323

    Abstract: Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.
    Methods: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.
    Findings: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.
    Interpretation: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.
    Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Female ; Global Health/statistics & numerical data ; Global Health/trends ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors ; Sanitation/trends
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.

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    Lancet (London, England)

    2015  Volume 386, Issue 10009, Page(s) 2145–2191

    Abstract: Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development.
    Methods: We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time.
    Findings: Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3-7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6-29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries.
    Interpretation: Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition--in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden--is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions.
    Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Female ; Global Health/statistics & numerical data ; Health Transition ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality, Premature ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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