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Article ; Online: The emerging importance of cross-ploidy hybridisation and introgression.

Brown, Max R / Abbott, Richard J / Twyford, Alex D

2024 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) e17315

Abstract: Natural hybridisation is now recognised as pervasive in its occurrence across the Tree of Life. Resurgent interest in natural hybridisation fuelled by developments in genomics has led to an improved understanding of the genetic factors that promote or ... ...

Abstract	Natural hybridisation is now recognised as pervasive in its occurrence across the Tree of Life. Resurgent interest in natural hybridisation fuelled by developments in genomics has led to an improved understanding of the genetic factors that promote or prevent species cross-mating. Despite this body of work overturning many widely held assumptions about the genetic barriers to hybridisation, it is still widely thought that ploidy differences between species will be an absolute barrier to hybridisation and introgression. Here, we revisit this assumption, reviewing findings from surveys of polyploidy and hybridisation in the wild. In a case study in the British flora, 203 hybrids representing 35% of hybrids with suitable data have formed via cross-ploidy matings, while a wider literature search revealed 59 studies (56 in plants and 3 in animals) in which cross-ploidy hybridisation has been confirmed with genetic data. These results show cross-ploidy hybridisation is readily overlooked, and potentially common in some groups. General findings from these studies include strong directionality of hybridisation, with introgression usually towards the higher ploidy parent, and cross-ploidy hybridisation being more likely to involve allopolyploids than autopolyploids. Evidence for adaptive introgression across a ploidy barrier and cases of cross-ploidy hybrid speciation shows the potential for important evolutionary outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Biological Evolution ; Polyploidy ; Plants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1126687-9
ISSN	1365-294X ; 0962-1083
ISSN (online)	1365-294X
ISSN	0962-1083
DOI	10.1111/mec.17315
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Article ; Online: A mixing-isolation-mixing model of speciation can potentially explain hotspots of species diversity.

Abbott, Richard J

National science review

2018 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 290–291

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-08
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2745465-4
ISSN	2053-714X ; 2053-714X
ISSN (online)	2053-714X
ISSN	2053-714X
DOI	10.1093/nsr/nwy112
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Article: Plant speciation in the Quaternary

Kadereit, Joachim W. / Abbott, Richard J.

Plant ecology & diversity. 2021 July 04, v. 14, no. 3-4

2021

Abstract: There are conflicting views between palaeobotanists and plant systematists/evolutionary biologists regarding the occurrence of plant speciation in the Quaternary. Palaeobotanists advocate that Quaternary speciation was rare despite opposing molecular ... ...

Abstract	There are conflicting views between palaeobotanists and plant systematists/evolutionary biologists regarding the occurrence of plant speciation in the Quaternary. Palaeobotanists advocate that Quaternary speciation was rare despite opposing molecular phylogenetic evidence, the extent of which appears underappreciated. To document, describe and discuss evidence for Quaternary plant speciation across different geographical regions based on dated molecular phylogenies and related studies. From a search of the literature, we compiled a selection mainly of dated molecular phylogenies from all continents (except Antarctica) and from all major climate zones. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and related studies show that Quaternary plant speciation and radiations occurred frequently and that in many instances Quaternary climatic oscillations were likely important drivers of them. In all geographical regions studied, Quaternary plant speciation and radiations were particularly evident in mountainous areas and arid regions, and were also prevalent on all major oceanic archipelagos. Based on our survey of the molecular phylogenetic and related literature we propose there is now overwhelming evidence that plant speciation and radiations were ubiquitous during the Quaternary. We therefore reject the view of palaeobotanists that plant speciation was rare during this period and briefly discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy.
Keywords	mountains ; phylogeny ; plant ecology ; surveys
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0704
Size	p. 105-142.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2451208-4
ISSN	1755-1668 ; 1755-0874
ISSN (online)	1755-1668
ISSN	1755-0874
DOI	10.1080/17550874.2021.2012849
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Article: Plant speciation across environmental gradients and the occurrence and nature of hybrid zones

Abbott, Richard J

Journal of systematics and evolution. 2017 July, v. 55, no. 4

2017

Abstract: Environmental gradients are very common and many plant species respond to them through adaptive genetic change. This can be a first step along a continuum of change that leads ultimately to the origin of fully reproductively isolated forms, i.e., â ... ...

Abstract	Environmental gradients are very common and many plant species respond to them through adaptive genetic change. This can be a first step along a continuum of change that leads ultimately to the origin of fully reproductively isolated forms, i.e., âbiological speciesâ. Before complete reproductive isolation is achieved, hybrid zones may form between divergent lineages either through primary intergradation or secondary contact. Here, I review the literature on plant hybrid zones between native species and highlight: mode of origin (primary intergradation versus secondary contact); distribution among plant families, genera and life form; type and genotypic composition related to strength and type of reproductive isolation between parental lineages; nature of prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers; level and direction of gene flow; and the stability of hybrid zones in the face of climate change. The total number of plant hybrid zones detected in a literature search was surprisingly small (137). This was the case even for areas of the world with a long history of research into plant evolution, ecology and systematics. Reasons for this are discussed, including the possibility that plant hybrid zones are naturally rare in the wild. Only for a few hybrid zones have attempts been made to distinguish between formation by primary intergradation or secondary contact, and it is assumed that most hybrid zones originate through secondary contact. From the limited information available, it appears that plant hybrid zones may frequently move in response to climate change, but longâterm studies are required to confirm this.
Keywords	climate change ; ecology ; evolution ; gene flow ; hybrids ; indigenous species ; reproductive isolation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 238-258.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2516638-4
ISSN	1759-6831 ; 1674-4918
ISSN (online)	1759-6831
ISSN	1674-4918
DOI	10.1111/jse.12267
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Article ; Online: Plant speciation in the Namib Desert: potential origin of a widespread derivative species from a narrow endemic

Milton, Joseph J. / Affenzeller, Matthias / Abbott, Richard J. / Comes, Hans P.

Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2022 Dec. 05, v. 15, no. 5-6 p.329-353

2022

Abstract: Parapatric (or ‘budding’) speciation is increasingly recognised as an important phenomenon in plant evolution but its role in extreme (e.g. desert) environments is poorly documented. To test this speciation model in a hypothesised sister pair, the ... ...

Abstract	Parapatric (or ‘budding’) speciation is increasingly recognised as an important phenomenon in plant evolution but its role in extreme (e.g. desert) environments is poorly documented. To test this speciation model in a hypothesised sister pair, the Southwest – North African disjunct Senecio flavus and its putative progenitor, the Namibian Desert endemic S. englerianus. Phylogenetic inferences were combined with niche divergence tests, morphometrics, and experimental-genetic approaches. We also evaluated the potential role of an African Dry Corridor (ADC) in promoting the hypothesised northward expansion of S. flavus (from Namibia), using palaeodistribution models. Belonging to an isolated (potential ‘relict’) clade, the two morphologically distinct species showed pronounced niche divergence in Namibia and signs of digenic-epistatic hybrid incompatibility (based on F₂ pollen fertility). The presence of ‘connate-fluked’ pappus hairs in S. flavus, likely increasing dispersal ability, is controlled by a single-gene locus. Our results provide evidence for a possible (and rare) example of ‘budding’ speciation in which a wider-ranged derivative (S. flavus) originated at the periphery of a smaller-ranged progenitor (S. englerianus) in the Namib Desert region. The Southwest – North African disjunction of S. flavus could have been established by dispersal across intermediate ADC areas during periods of (Late) Pleistocene aridification.
Keywords	Pleistocene epoch ; Senecio ; hybrids ; loci ; models ; morphometry ; phylogeny ; plant ecology ; pollen ; Namibia ; African Dry Corridor ; budding speciation ; dispersal ; Namib Desert ; niche differentiation ; phylogenetic relicts ; reproductive isolation barriers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1205
Size	p. 329-353.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2451208-4
ISSN	1755-1668 ; 1755-0874
ISSN (online)	1755-1668
ISSN	1755-0874
DOI	10.1080/17550874.2022.2130018
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Article: Completing the hybridization triangle: the inheritance of genetic incompatibilities during homoploid hybrid speciation in ragworts (

Brennan, Adrian C / Hiscock, Simon J / Abbott, Richard J

AoB PLANTS

2019 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) ply078

Abstract: A new homoploid hybrid lineage needs to establish a degree of reproductive isolation from its parent species if it is to persist as an independent entity, but the role hybridization plays in this process is known in only a handful of cases. The homoploid ...

Abstract	A new homoploid hybrid lineage needs to establish a degree of reproductive isolation from its parent species if it is to persist as an independent entity, but the role hybridization plays in this process is known in only a handful of cases. The homoploid hybrid ragwort species,
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2041-2851
ISSN	2041-2851
DOI	10.1093/aobpla/ply078
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Article: Incipient speciation in Oncocyclus irises: Eco-geographic isolation and genetic divergence with no reproductive isolation?

Volis, Sergei / Zhang, Yong-Hong / Dorman, Michael / Abbott, Richard J

Flora. 2021 Feb., v. 275

2021

Abstract: The establishment of reproductive isolation is considered to be an ultimate result of ecological speciation, but empirical evidence for the latter is limited. We hypothesized that in the absence of inter-specific gene flow and with subtle environmental ... ...

Abstract	The establishment of reproductive isolation is considered to be an ultimate result of ecological speciation, but empirical evidence for the latter is limited. We hypothesized that in the absence of inter-specific gene flow and with subtle environmental differences, local adaptation will not require trade-offs in performance across environments and therefore will not result in reproductive isolation. We tested this hypothesis on four iris species, Iris atrofusca, I. atropurpurea, I. petrana and I. mariae, which have non-overlapping geographical distributions, grow naturally in different environmental conditions with respect to amount of rainfall and soil type, and possess suites of diagnostic traits that previously were assumed to result from local selection. We analyzed their genetic (AFLP) and quantitative trait divergence (by means of a common garden experiment), conducted a habitat suitability analysis, examined experimentally the effects of soil type and water availability on plant performance, and tested for postzygotic reproductive isolation using a crossing experiment. Our results supported the hypothesis that eco-geographical isolation does not necessarily lead to local adaptation or to postzygotic reproductive isolation when environmental differences are subtle. Thus, we obtained some evidence that the desert I. atrofusca was reproductively isolated from coastal I. atropurpurea, but not from desert I. mariae, although genetically the first two are more similar to each other than I. atrofusca is to I. mariae.
Keywords	flora ; gene flow ; genetic variation ; habitats ; incipient speciation ; quantitative traits ; rain ; reproductive isolation ; soil types
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-02
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	5580-3
ISSN	0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
ISSN	0367-2530 ; 0373-6490
DOI	10.1016/j.flora.2020.151746
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Article ; Online: Introduction to special issue: the ecology and evolution of plants in extreme environments

Picó, F. Xavier / Abbott, Richard J. / Llambi, Luis D. / Rajakaruna, Nishanta / Papadopulos, Alexander S. T. / Nagy, László

Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2022 Dec. 05, v. 15, no. 5-6 p.179-182

2022

Abstract: In plant ecology, extreme environments are those that pose physiological or other limitations to plant growth, especially for non-adapted taxa. In these environments, the severity of climate conditions and/or the limitations imposed by particular soil ... ...

Abstract	In plant ecology, extreme environments are those that pose physiological or other limitations to plant growth, especially for non-adapted taxa. In these environments, the severity of climate conditions and/or the limitations imposed by particular soil substrates represent major selective pressures for plants, leading to the evolution of a wide array of functional traits, specific strategies and adapted taxa. In this special issue, we present a collection of papers that focuses on plants in various extreme environments, including the Arctic and Antarctic, regions with serpentine and gypsum soils, high mountain areas and deserts. The papers include a broad array of methods to study the ecology and evolution of plants in extreme environments, such as field surveys, greenhouse and field experiments, molecular phylogenetic analyses and/or physiological measurements. Overall, this special issue showcases research on how plants thrive in extreme environments which, in turn, may provide pointers to how plant communities might respond to living in increasingly challenging environments resulting from unprecedented land-use changes and climate warming at the present time and in the future.
Keywords	climate ; greenhouses ; gypsum ; land use ; phylogeny ; plant ecology ; plant growth ; serpentine ; soil ; Antarctic region ; Arctic region ; Andes ; Antarctica ; Australian Alps ; Canadian High Arctic ; Chihuahua and Namib Deserts ; Colombian Páramo ; gypsum and ultramafic soils
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1205
Size	p. 179-182.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2451208-4
ISSN	1755-1668 ; 1755-0874
ISSN (online)	1755-1668
ISSN	1755-0874
DOI	10.1080/17550874.2022.2164703
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Article ; Online: Abiotic Niche Divergence of Hybrid Species from Their Progenitors.

Wang, Danying / Xu, Xiaoting / Zhang, Haoyu / Xi, Zhenxiang / Abbott, Richard J / Fu, Jiao / Liu, Jianquan

The American naturalist

2022 Volume 200, Issue 5, Page(s) 634–645

Abstract: AbstractAlthough more frequently discussed recently than previously, the role of ecology in homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid speciation has not been subjected to comparative analysis. We examined abiotic niche divergence of 22 assumed homoploid hybrid ... ...

Abstract	AbstractAlthough more frequently discussed recently than previously, the role of ecology in homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid speciation has not been subjected to comparative analysis. We examined abiotic niche divergence of 22 assumed homoploid hybrid species and 60 allopolyploid species from that of their progenitors. Ecological niche modeling was employed in an analysis of each species' fundamental niche, and ordination methods were used in an analysis of realized niches. Both analyses utilized 100,000 georeferenced records. From estimates of niche overlap and niche breadth, we identified for both types of hybrid species four niche divergence patterns: niche novelty, niche contraction, niche intermediacy, and niche expansion. Niche shifts involving niche novelty were common and considered likely to play an important role in the establishment of both types of hybrid species, although more so for homoploid hybrid species than for allopolyploid species. Approximately 70% of homoploid hybrid species versus 37% of allopolyploid species showed shifts in the fundamental niche from their parents, and ∼86% versus ∼52%, respectively, exhibited shifts in the realized niche. Climate was shown to contribute more than soil and landform to niche shifts in both types of hybrid species. Overall, our results highlight the significance of abiotic niche divergence for hybrid speciation, especially without genome duplication.
MeSH term(s)	Genetic Speciation ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Climate ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207092-3
ISSN	1537-5323 ; 0003-0147
ISSN (online)	1537-5323
ISSN	0003-0147
DOI	10.1086/721372
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Article ; Online: Altitudinal gradients, plant hybrid zones and evolutionary novelty.

Abbott, Richard J / Brennan, Adrian C

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2014 Volume 369, Issue 1648

Abstract: Altitudinal gradients are characterized by steep changes of the physical and biotic environment that present challenges to plant adaptation throughout large parts of the world. Hybrid zones may form where related species inhabit different neighbouring ... ...

Abstract	Altitudinal gradients are characterized by steep changes of the physical and biotic environment that present challenges to plant adaptation throughout large parts of the world. Hybrid zones may form where related species inhabit different neighbouring altitudes and can facilitate interspecific gene flow and potentially the breakdown of species barriers. Studies of such hybrid zones can reveal much about the genetic basis of adaptation to environmental differences stemming from changes in altitude and the maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow. Furthermore, owing to recombination and transgressive effects, such hybrid zones can be sources of evolutionary novelty. We document plant hybrid zones associated with altitudinal gradients and emphasize similarities and differences in their structure. We then focus on recent studies of a hybrid zone between two Senecio species that occur at high and low altitude on Mount Etna, Sicily, showing how adaptation to local environments and intrinsic selection against hybrids act to maintain it. Finally, we consider the potential of altitudinal hybrid zones for generating evolutionary novelty through adaptive introgression and hybrid speciation. Examples of homoploid hybrid species of Senecio and Pinus that originated from altitudinal hybrid zones are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; Altitude ; Biological Evolution ; Hybridization, Genetic/genetics ; Plant Dispersal/genetics ; Senecio/genetics ; Sicily
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2013.0346
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