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Article ; Online: Postoperative CPAP after major abdominal surgery - Authors' reply.

Abbott, Tom / Pearse, Rupert

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e12–e13

MeSH term(s)	Abdomen/surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Period
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2686754-0
ISSN	2213-2619 ; 2213-2600
ISSN (online)	2213-2619
ISSN	2213-2600
DOI	10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00004-2
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Article ; Online: Effect of hyperthermia on peripheral dark adaptation rates

Kissen, Abbott T

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

2019 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 600–602

Abstract: Supersonic or hypersonic aircraft flight can produce hyperthermia in crew members. Dark adaptation is a physiologic response possibily influenced by such stress. Biochemical regeneration rate of rhodopsin might be altered if retinal blood or tissue ... ...

Abstract	Supersonic or hypersonic aircraft flight can produce hyperthermia in crew members. Dark adaptation is a physiologic response possibily influenced by such stress. Biochemical regeneration rate of rhodopsin might be altered if retinal blood or tissue temperatures are raised by this hyperthermia. Peripheral dark adaptation curves were obtained on five subjects at comfort (21.0 C) and 65.6 C temperatures alternately, using a modified Hecht-Schlaer adaptometer. In 24 heat experiments, subjects were exposed to 65.6 C ambient air temperature for 55 min after which the heat was shut off. Chamber temperature declined but the subjects remained in a relatively constant hyperthermic condition during the subsequent 35-min dark adaptation test. The criterion used here for hyperthermia is the elevation and maintenance of the rectal temperature at least 0.56 C above corresponding control temperature. Curves obtained under hyperthermic conditions (with the exception of the initial and terminal values) differ, with statistical significance, from controls, indicating a facilitation of dark adaptation under the imposed thermal stress conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219139-8
ISSN	1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
ISSN (online)	1522-1601
ISSN	0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
DOI	10.1152/jappl.1963.18.3.600
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Article ; Online: Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate - Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment: A Next of Kin and Physician Perspective Piece.

Abbott, Trish / Ng, Kenrick / Nobes, Jenny / Muehlschlegel, Paula

Oncology and therapy

2023 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 291–301

Abstract: This article was co-authored by a patient's relative describing their experiences of receiving a diagnosis and subsequent clinical management of a rare form of prostate cancer, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). The difficulty of receiving this ... ...

Abstract	This article was co-authored by a patient's relative describing their experiences of receiving a diagnosis and subsequent clinical management of a rare form of prostate cancer, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). The difficulty of receiving this diagnosis, particularly as this was terminal with no options for systemic treatment, and experiences throughout this process are detailed. The relative's questions regarding the care of her partner, NEPC and clinical management are answered. The treating physician's perspective regarding clinical management is enclosed. Prostate cancer remains one of the most common cancer diagnoses, with small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the prostate representing 0.5-2% of these. Prostatic SCC frequently develops in patients previously treated for prostate adenocarcinoma, more rarely arising de novo. Diagnosis and management present clinical challenges owing to its rarity, frequently aggressive disease course, lack of specific diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers, and treatment limitations. Current pathophysiological understanding of prostatic SCC, genomics and contemporary and evolving treatment options in addition to current guidelines are discussed. Written principally from the patient's relatives and physician experience with discussion of current evidence, diagnostic and treatment options, we hope this piece is informative for both patients and healthcare professionals alike.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-25
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2848647-X
ISSN	2366-1089 ; 2366-1070
ISSN (online)	2366-1089
ISSN	2366-1070
DOI	10.1007/s40487-023-00238-3
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Article ; Online: Cost-Effectiveness of Mepolizumab Add-On in the Treatment of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma in Chile.

Abbott, Tomas / Balmaceda, Carlos / Zamorano, Paula / Giglio, Andres / Espinoza, Manuel

Value in health regional issues

2023 Volume 35, Page(s) 69–77

Abstract: Objective: Asthma is one of the 4 leading causes of death worldwide. Severe asthma is associated with poor quality of life, decreased life expectancy, and higher health resources consumption such as the use of oral corticosteroids (OCSs). This study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Asthma is one of the 4 leading causes of death worldwide. Severe asthma is associated with poor quality of life, decreased life expectancy, and higher health resources consumption such as the use of oral corticosteroids (OCSs). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of mepolizumab as an add-on compared with the standard care of the Chilean public health system (combined inhaled corticosteroid therapy and a long-acting beta-agonist, short-acting beta-agonist, and OCS). Materials and methods: A Markov model was adapted to represent the day-to-day of patients with severe asthma over a lifetime horizon. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for the second-order uncertainty of the model. In addition, a risk subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mepolizumab across different risk populations. Results: Mepolizumab produces more benefits than standard of care alone (1 additional quality-adjusted life-year, a decrease of OCS usage, an approximated 11 avoided exacerbations) but it cannot be considered cost-effective in the light of the Chilean threshold (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio: US dollars [USD] 105 967/quality-adjusted life-year vs USD 14 896). Despite this, cost-effectiveness increases in specific subgroups, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD 44 819 in patients with eosinophil count ≥ 300 cell/mcL and exacerbation history of at least 4 exacerbations in the past year. Conclusion: Mepolizumab cannot be considered a cost-effective strategy for the Chilean health system. Nevertheless, price discount in specific subgroups improves its cost-effectiveness profile significantly and may offer opportunities for access to specific subgroups.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Chile ; Quality of Life ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	mepolizumab (90Z2UF0E52) ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2679127-4
ISSN	2212-1102 ; 2212-1099
ISSN (online)	2212-1102
ISSN	2212-1099
DOI	10.1016/j.vhri.2022.12.007
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Article ; Online: Mitigation of recalcitrant nutrients and organic pollutants from small- to medium-scale biological nutrient removal plant sludge by digester optimization.

Abbott, Timothy / Eskicioglu, Cigdem

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 106, Page(s) 132–144

Abstract: Digestion of biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant sludge can be challenging, particularly for small- to medium-sized wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) which often lack the economies of scale, and/or expertise to make digestion feasible. This ... ...

Abstract	Digestion of biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant sludge can be challenging, particularly for small- to medium-sized wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) which often lack the economies of scale, and/or expertise to make digestion feasible. This study compared various types of sludge digestion, sludge retention times (SRTs), and temperatures on the release of recalcitrant nutrients, digestion economics, and digester performance utilizing mixed primary and secondary sludge from a small- to medium-sized BNR facility. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD), cycling aerobic/anoxic (AERO/ANOX) digestion, and sequential anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AD/AERO/ANOX) digestion at room and mesophilic temperatures were compared at SRTs between 5 and 20 days. AERO/ANOX digestion was very effective in treating recalcitrant forms of nitrogen and phosphorous by removing up to 87% of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), up to 88 ± 2% of non-reactive dissolved phosphorous (NRDP). AERO/ANOX digestion also offered the lowest increase in sludge management costs versus the existing no-digestion baseline scenario. ADs removed up to 53 ± 1% of volatile solids (VS), whereas unheated AERO/ANOX digesters were less effective, removing up to 39 ± 1% of VS. Sequential AD/AERO/ANOX digesters with a mesophilic second-stage removed up to 61 ± 3% of VS but had the highest operational and capital costs. Experiments also indicated that significant amounts of orthophosphate (PO
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Environmental Pollutants ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants ; Sewage ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.019
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Article ; Online: Comparison of anaerobic, cycling aerobic/anoxic, and sequential anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic digestion to remove triclosan and triclosan metabolites from municipal biosolids.

Abbott, Timothy / Eskicioglu, Cigdem

The Science of the total environment

2020 Volume 745, Page(s) 140953

Abstract: The antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) is a pervasive and persistent environmental micropollutant which can contaminate land, biota, and water through the land application of biosolids. Many existing sludge management techniques have limited effectiveness ... ...

Abstract	The antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) is a pervasive and persistent environmental micropollutant which can contaminate land, biota, and water through the land application of biosolids. Many existing sludge management techniques have limited effectiveness against TCS and TCS metabolites including triclosan-sulfate (TCS-SO
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Biosolids ; Sewage ; Triclosan ; Waste Disposal, Fluid
Chemical Substances	Biosolids ; Sewage ; Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140953
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Article: Mitigation of recalcitrant nutrients and organic pollutants from small- to medium-scale biological nutrient removal plant sludge by digester optimization

Abbott, Timothy / Eskicioglu, Cigdem

Waste management. 2020 Apr. 01, v. 106

2020

Abstract	Digestion of biological nutrient removal (BNR) plant sludge can be challenging, particularly for small- to medium-sized wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) which often lack the economies of scale, and/or expertise to make digestion feasible. This study compared various types of sludge digestion, sludge retention times (SRTs), and temperatures on the release of recalcitrant nutrients, digestion economics, and digester performance utilizing mixed primary and secondary sludge from a small- to medium-sized BNR facility. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD), cycling aerobic/anoxic (AERO/ANOX) digestion, and sequential anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AD/AERO/ANOX) digestion at room and mesophilic temperatures were compared at SRTs between 5 and 20 days. AERO/ANOX digestion was very effective in treating recalcitrant forms of nitrogen and phosphorous by removing up to 87% of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), up to 88 ± 2% of non-reactive dissolved phosphorous (NRDP). AERO/ANOX digestion also offered the lowest increase in sludge management costs versus the existing no-digestion baseline scenario. ADs removed up to 53 ± 1% of volatile solids (VS), whereas unheated AERO/ANOX digesters were less effective, removing up to 39 ± 1% of VS. Sequential AD/AERO/ANOX digesters with a mesophilic second-stage removed up to 61 ± 3% of VS but had the highest operational and capital costs. Experiments also indicated that significant amounts of orthophosphate (PO43−) may be released from digested AERO/ANOX sludge during on-site storage, with longer SRTs releasing PO43− more rapidly than shorter ones. These results are important as more WWTFs deploy BNR to meet increasingly stringent nutrient limits.
Keywords	anaerobic digestion ; capital ; dissolved organic nitrogen ; economies of scale ; nutrients ; orthophosphates ; phosphorus ; pollutants ; sludge ; temperature ; wastewater treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0401
Size	p. 132-144.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.019
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Article ; Online: Using mass struvite precipitation to remove recalcitrant nutrients and micropollutants from anaerobic digestion dewatering centrate.

Abel-Denee, M / Abbott, T / Eskicioglu, C

Water research

2018 Volume 132, Page(s) 292–300

Abstract: The primary objective of this research was to remove recalcitrant nutrients from anaerobically digested sludge dewatering centrate. A struvite precipitation methodology is proposed where salt crystals are encouraged to ballast colloidal particles through ...

Abstract	The primary objective of this research was to remove recalcitrant nutrients from anaerobically digested sludge dewatering centrate. A struvite precipitation methodology is proposed where salt crystals are encouraged to ballast colloidal particles through heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent crystal growth. The secondary objective was to assess presence of micropollutants in precipitates. Four biologically unique dewatering centrates were used to test the precipitation methodology on the variety of anaerobic digester configurations that can be expected from municipal wastewater treatment plant. The effect of digestion sludge retention time (2 day, 20 day) and digestion temperature (35 °C, 55 °C) on the removal of dissolved unreactive phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) was monitored. Averaged across all four centrates, the precipitation methodology resulted in dissolved unreactive P and N removal of 82.4% and 66.6%, respectively. Antimicrobial contaminants (triclosan, triclocarban) were observed in the precipitates at minute concentrations (<18 ng/g-dry solids). Therefore, mass struvite precipitation can provide a means of recalcitrant nutrient treatment and reactive nutrient recovery without the micropollutant burden of biosolids land application.
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Carbanilides/chemistry ; Carbanilides/isolation & purification ; Chemical Precipitation ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Phosphates/chemistry ; Phosphorus/chemistry ; Sewage/chemistry ; Struvite/chemistry ; Triclosan/chemistry ; Triclosan/isolation & purification ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Waste Water/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	Carbanilides ; Phosphates ; Sewage ; Waste Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X) ; Struvite (AW3EJL1462) ; triclocarban (BGG1Y1ED0Y) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	202613-2
ISSN	1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
ISSN (online)	1879-2448
ISSN	0043-1354
DOI	10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.004
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Article ; Online: Nitrite reduction using a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) in a hypoxic environment with dilute methane under low pressures.

Alrashed, Wael / Chandra, Rashmi / Abbott, Timothy / Lee, Hyung-Sool

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 841, Page(s) 156757

Abstract: Methane-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) can be an effective solution for nitrogen control in wastewater, but there is limited information on nitrite reduction for dilute wastewater (e.g., municipal wastewater) in hypoxic MBfRs. This study ... ...

Abstract	Methane-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) can be an effective solution for nitrogen control in wastewater, but there is limited information on nitrite reduction for dilute wastewater (e.g., municipal wastewater) in hypoxic MBfRs. This study assessed the impacts of dilute (20 %), low-pressure methane (0.35-2.41 kPa) applied to MBfRs at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 2-12 h on nitrite removals, dissolved methane concentrations, and the resulting changes in the microbial community. High nitrite flux along with rapid and virtually complete (>99 %) nitrite removals were observed at methane pressures of 1.03-2.41 kPa at HRTs above 4 h, despite the use of diluted methane gas for the MBfR. The lowest methane pressure (0.35 kPa) was also able to achieve up to 98 % nitrite removals but required HRTs of up to 12 h. All scenarios had low dissolved methane concentrations (<10 mg/L), indicating that dilute methane at low supply pressures can effectively remove nitrite while meeting dissolved methane guidelines in treated effluent. Methylococcus genus was the key bacterium in MBfR biofilm grown at different HRTs and methane pressures, along with Methylocystis and other heterotrophic denitrifiers (Terrimonas and Hyphomicrobium). This study indicates that methane-based denitrification MBfRs can be a valuable tool to meet nitrogen limits for dilute wastewater coupled to partial nitrification, while limiting the release of methane to the environment.
MeSH term(s)	Anaerobiosis ; Biofilms ; Bioreactors/microbiology ; Denitrification ; Methane ; Nitrites ; Nitrogen ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Waste Water/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Nitrites ; Waste Water ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156757
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Article: Health and economic effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the long run: predictions for the Chilean population.

Espinoza, Manuel Antonio / Abbott, Tomas / Passi, Alvaro / Balmaceda, Carlos

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 155

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is associated to a high financial and disease burden, explaining a large proportion of expenditure of the health system in one year. The purpose of this study was to estimate long-term costs and health outcomes of recently diagnosed ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetes is associated to a high financial and disease burden, explaining a large proportion of expenditure of the health system in one year. The purpose of this study was to estimate long-term costs and health outcomes of recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes in Chile. Methods: Cost and consequence study based on mathematical discrete event simulation (DES) model. We modelled expected costs (USD) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from diagnosis to death (or the age of 95) of a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 incident cases, simulated based on the Chilean National Health Survey 2018. The incidence of twelve complications was estimated assuming the hazard functions provided by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. We explore heterogeneity across patients based on their baseline risk covariates and their impact on costs and QALYs. Results: The expected cost and QALY of a recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient in Chile were USD 8660 and 12.44 QALYs. Both costs and QALYs were independently determined by baseline risk and the patient's life expectancy from the diagnosis. Length of life since diagnosis showed the major impact on costs (5.2% increase for every additional year). Myocardial infarction was the most frequent complication (47.4%) and the most frequent cause of death. Conclusion: Diabetes type 2 determines a significant expenditure of the health system and substantial health losses. Although the control of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic control of the disease, both have an important impact on costs and outcomes, the main impact is achieved by postponing the age of onset of the disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518786-7
ISSN	1758-5996
ISSN	1758-5996
DOI	10.1186/s13098-022-00928-4
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