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  1. Article: An Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Predict Ceftazidime Pharmacokinetics in a Pregnant Population.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Gardner, Iain / Jamei, Masoud

    Pharmaceutics

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4

    Abstract: Physiological changes during pregnancy can alter maternal and fetal drug exposure. The objective of this work was to predict maternal and umbilical ceftazidime pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. Ceftazidime transplacental permeability was predicted from ... ...

    Abstract Physiological changes during pregnancy can alter maternal and fetal drug exposure. The objective of this work was to predict maternal and umbilical ceftazidime pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. Ceftazidime transplacental permeability was predicted from its physicochemical properties and incorporated into the model. Predicted concentrations and parameters from the PBPK model were compared to the observed data. PBPK predicted ceftazidime concentrations in non-pregnant and pregnant subjects of different gestational weeks were within 2-fold of the observations, and the observed concentrations fell within the 5th-95th prediction interval from the PBPK simulations. The calculated transplacental clearance (0.00137 L/h/mL of placenta volume) predicted an average umbilical cord-to-maternal plasma ratio of 0.7 after the first dose, increasing to about 1.0 at a steady state, which also agrees well with clinical observations. The developed maternal PBPK model adequately predicted the observed exposure and kinetics of ceftazidime in the pregnant population. Using a verified population-based PBPK model provides valuable insights into the disposition of drug concentrations in special individuals that are otherwise difficult to study and, in addition, offers the possibility of supplementing sparse samples obtained in vulnerable populations with additional knowledge, informing the dosing adjustment and study design, and improving the efficacy and safety of drugs in target populations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040474
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Development and Verification of a Japanese Pediatric Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model with Emphasis on Drugs Eliminated by Cytochrome P450 or Renal Excretion.

    Johnson, Trevor N / Abduljalil, Khaled / Pan, Xian / Emoto, Chie

    Journal of clinical pharmacology

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 10, Page(s) 1156–1168

    Abstract: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are useful in bridging drug exposure in different ethnic groups, and there is increasing regulatory application of this approach in adults. Reported pediatric PBPK models tend to focus on the North ... ...

    Abstract Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are useful in bridging drug exposure in different ethnic groups, and there is increasing regulatory application of this approach in adults. Reported pediatric PBPK models tend to focus on the North European population, with few examples in other ethnic groups. This study describes the development and verification of a Japanese pediatric PBPK population. The development of the model was based on the existing North European pediatric population. Japanese systems and clinical data were collated from public databases and the literature, and the underlying demographics and equations were optimized so that physiological outputs represented the Japanese pediatric population. The model was tested using 14 different small molecule drugs, eliminated by a variety of pathways, including cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism and renal excretion. Given the limitations of the clinical data, the overall performance of the model was good, with 44/62 predictions for PK parameters (area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve, AUC; maximum serum concentration, C
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Computer Simulation ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; East Asian People ; Models, Biological ; Renal Elimination
    Chemical Substances Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188980-1
    ISSN 1552-4604 ; 0091-2700 ; 0021-9754
    ISSN (online) 1552-4604
    ISSN 0091-2700 ; 0021-9754
    DOI 10.1002/jcph.2317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach to Predict Theophylline Pharmacokinetics Using Virtual Non-Pregnant, Pregnant, Fetal, Breast-Feeding, and Neonatal Populations.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Gardner, Iain / Jamei, Masoud

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 840710

    Abstract: Perinatal pharmacology is influenced by a myriad of physiological variables that are changing dynamically. The influence of these covariates has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this work was to use theophylline as a model drug and to ... ...

    Abstract Perinatal pharmacology is influenced by a myriad of physiological variables that are changing dynamically. The influence of these covariates has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this work was to use theophylline as a model drug and to predict its pharmacokinetics before, during (including prediction of the umbilical cord level), and after pregnancy as well as in milk (after single and multiple doses) and in neonates using a physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. Neonatal theophylline exposure from milk consumption was projected in both normal term and preterm subjects. Predicted infant daily doses were calculated using theophylline average and maximum concentration in the milk as well as an estimate of milk consumption. Predicted concentrations and parameters from the PBPK model were compared to the observed data. PBPK predicted theophylline concentrations in non-pregnant and pregnant populations at different gestational weeks were within 2-fold of the observations and the observed concentrations fell within the 5th-95th prediction interval from the PBPK simulations. The PBPK model predicted an average cord-to-maternal plasma ratio of 1.0, which also agrees well with experimental observations. Predicted postpartum theophylline concentration profiles in milk were also in good agreement with observations with a predicted milk-to-plasma ratio of 0.68. For an infant of 2 kg consuming 150 ml of milk per day, the lactation model predicted a relative infant dose (RID) of 12 and 17% using predicted average (C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2022.840710
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  4. Article: Quantification of Fetal Renal Function Using Fetal Urine Production Rate and Its Reflection on the Amniotic and Fetal Creatinine Levels During Pregnancy.

    Ezuruike, Udoamaka / Blenkinsop, Alexander / Pansari, Amita / Abduljalil, Khaled

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 841495

    Abstract: Adequate prediction of fetal exposure of drugs excreted by the kidney requires the incorporation of time-varying renal function parameters into a pharmacokinetic model. Published data on measurements of fetal urinary production rate (FUPR) and creatinine ...

    Abstract Adequate prediction of fetal exposure of drugs excreted by the kidney requires the incorporation of time-varying renal function parameters into a pharmacokinetic model. Published data on measurements of fetal urinary production rate (FUPR) and creatinine at various gestational ages were collected and integrated for prediction of the fetal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The predicted GFR values were then compared to neonatal values recorded at birth. Collected data for FUPR across different gestational ages using both 3D (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2022.841495
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  5. Article ; Online: Prediction of basic drug exposure in milk using a lactation model algorithm integrated within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model.

    Pansari, Amita / Faisal, Muhammad / Jamei, Masoud / Abduljalil, Khaled

    Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 201–212

    Abstract: Medication use during breastfeeding can be a matter of concern due to unintended infant exposure to drugs through breast milk. The available information relating to the safety of most medications is limited and may vary. More precise information is ... ...

    Abstract Medication use during breastfeeding can be a matter of concern due to unintended infant exposure to drugs through breast milk. The available information relating to the safety of most medications is limited and may vary. More precise information is needed regarding the safety to the newborn or infants of the medications taken by the mother during breastfeeding. Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model (PBPK) approaches can be utilized to predict the drug exposure in the milk of breastfeeding women and can act as a supporting tool in the risk assessment of feeding infants. This study aims to assess the predictive performance of an integrated 'log transformed phase-distribution' lactation model within a PBPK platform. The model utilizes the physicochemical properties of four basic drugs, namely tramadol, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and paroxetine, and analyses the milk compositions to predict the milk-to-plasma (M/P) ratio. The M/P prediction model was incorporated within the Simcyp Simulator V20 to predict the milk exposure and to estimate the likely infant dose for these drugs. The PBPK models adequately predicted the maternal plasma exposure, M/P ratio, and the infant daily dose to within two-fold of the clinically observed values for all four compounds. Integration of the lactation model within PBPK models facilitates the prediction of drug exposure in breast milk. The developed model can inform the design of lactation studies and assist with the neonatal risk assessment after maternal exposure to such environmental chemicals or basic drugs which diffuse passively into the milk.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Female ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Breast Feeding ; Lactation ; Fluoxetine/analysis ; Algorithms
    Chemical Substances Fluoxetine (01K63SUP8D)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603014-2
    ISSN 1099-081X ; 0142-2782
    ISSN (online) 1099-081X
    ISSN 0142-2782
    DOI 10.1002/bdd.2334
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  6. Article ; Online: Prediction of Maternal and Fetal Acyclovir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, and Metformin Concentrations during Pregnancy Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Pansari, Amita / Ning, Jia / Jamei, Masoud

    Clinical pharmacokinetics

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 725–748

    Abstract: Background: Concerns over maternal and fetal drug exposure during pregnancy highlight the need for improved understanding of drug distribution to the fetus through the placental barrier.: Objective: Our objective was to predict maternal and fetal ... ...

    Abstract Background: Concerns over maternal and fetal drug exposure during pregnancy highlight the need for improved understanding of drug distribution to the fetus through the placental barrier.
    Objective: Our objective was to predict maternal and fetal drug disposition using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach.
    Methods: We used the detailed maternal-placental-fetal PBPK model within the Simcyp Simulator V20 to predict the maternal and fetal drug exposure of acyclovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and metformin during pregnancy and at delivery. The dynamic model includes gestational changes to the maternal, fetal, and placental physiological parameters. Placental kinetics were parameterized using published ex vivo data for these four compounds. Amniotic data were included where available. PBPK predictions were compared with the observed data using twofold criteria.
    Results: Maternal-fetal PBPK models were developed completely from the bottom up without any parameter adjustments. The PBPK model-predicted exposures matched the observed maternal and umbilical exposure for acyclovir (six maternal studies, all of which all reported umbilical exposure), emtricitabine (six maternal studies, of which four reported umbilical exposure), lamivudine, (five maternal studies, of which four reported umbilical exposure), and metformin (seven studies, of which six reported umbilical exposure). Predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were within twofold of the observed values.
    Conclusion: Integration of fetal and maternal system parameters within PBPK models, together with experimental data from ex vivo placental perfusion studies, facilitated and extended the application of the pregnancy PBPK model. Such models can also be used inform clinical trials and maternal/fetal risk assessment following maternally administered drugs or unintended exposure to environmental toxicants.
    MeSH term(s) Acyclovir ; Emtricitabine/pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology ; Metformin ; Models, Biological ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Placenta ; Pregnancy
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Lamivudine (2T8Q726O95) ; Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; Acyclovir (X4HES1O11F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197627-8
    ISSN 1179-1926 ; 0312-5963
    ISSN (online) 1179-1926
    ISSN 0312-5963
    DOI 10.1007/s40262-021-01103-0
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  7. Article ; Online: Drug dosing during pregnancy-opportunities for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Badhan, Raj K Singh

    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

    2020  Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 319–340

    Abstract: Drugs can have harmful effects on the embryo or the fetus at any point during pregnancy. Not all the damaging effects of intrauterine exposure to drugs are obvious at birth, some may only manifest later in life. Thus, drugs should be prescribed in ... ...

    Abstract Drugs can have harmful effects on the embryo or the fetus at any point during pregnancy. Not all the damaging effects of intrauterine exposure to drugs are obvious at birth, some may only manifest later in life. Thus, drugs should be prescribed in pregnancy only if the expected benefit to the mother is thought to be greater than the risk to the fetus. Dosing of drugs during pregnancy is often empirically determined and based upon evidence from studies of non-pregnant subjects, which may lead to suboptimal dosing, particularly during the third trimester. This review collates examples of drugs with known recommendations for dose adjustment during pregnancy, in addition to providing an example of the potential use of PBPK models in dose adjustment recommendation during pregnancy within the context of drug-drug interactions. For many drugs, such as antidepressants and antiretroviral drugs, dose adjustment has been recommended based on pharmacokinetic studies demonstrating a reduction in drug concentrations. However, there is relatively limited (and sometimes inconsistent) information regarding the clinical impact of these pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy and the effect of subsequent dose adjustments. Examples of using pregnancy PBPK models to predict feto-maternal drug exposures and their applications to facilitate and guide dose assessment throughout gestation are discussed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041601-5
    ISSN 1573-8744 ; 1567-567X
    ISSN (online) 1573-8744
    ISSN 1567-567X
    DOI 10.1007/s10928-020-09698-w
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  8. Article: Forecasting Fetal Buprenorphine Exposure through Maternal-Fetal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.

    van Hoogdalem, Matthijs W / Tanaka, Ryota / Abduljalil, Khaled / Johnson, Trevor N / Wexelblatt, Scott L / Akinbi, Henry T / Vinks, Alexander A / Mizuno, Tomoyuki

    Pharmaceutics

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 3

    Abstract: Buprenorphine readily crosses the placenta, and with greater prenatal exposure, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) likely grows more severe. Current dosing strategies can be further improved by tailoring doses to expected NOWS severity. To allow ... ...

    Abstract Buprenorphine readily crosses the placenta, and with greater prenatal exposure, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) likely grows more severe. Current dosing strategies can be further improved by tailoring doses to expected NOWS severity. To allow the conceptualization of fetal buprenorphine exposure, a maternal-fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for sublingual buprenorphine was developed using Simcyp (v21.0). Buprenorphine transplacental passage was predicted from its physicochemical properties. The maternal-fetal PBPK model integrated reduced transmucosal absorption driven by lower salivary pH and induced metabolism observed during pregnancy. Maternal pharmacokinetics was adequately predicted in the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum period, with the simulated area under the curve from 0 to 12 h, apparent clearance, and peak concentration falling within the 1.25-fold prediction error range. Following post hoc adjustment of the likely degree of individual maternal sublingual absorption, umbilical cord blood concentrations at delivery (n = 21) were adequately predicted, with a geometric mean ratio between predicted and observed fetal concentrations of 1.15 and with 95.2% falling within the 2-fold prediction error range. The maternal-fetal PBPK model developed in this study can be used to forecast fetal buprenorphine exposure and would be valuable to investigate its correlation to NOWS severity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030375
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  9. Article ; Online: Prediction of drug concentrations in milk during breastfeeding, integrating predictive algorithms within a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Pansari, Amita / Ning, Jia / Jamei, Masoud

    CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) 878–889

    Abstract: There is a risk of exposure to drugs in neonates during the lactation period due to maternal drug intake. The ability to predict drugs of potential hazards to the neonates would be useful in a clinical setting. This work aimed to evaluate the possibility ...

    Abstract There is a risk of exposure to drugs in neonates during the lactation period due to maternal drug intake. The ability to predict drugs of potential hazards to the neonates would be useful in a clinical setting. This work aimed to evaluate the possibility of integrating milk-to-plasma (M/P) ratio predictive algorithms within the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach and to predict milk exposure for compounds with different physicochemical properties. Drug and physiological milk properties were integrated to develop a lactation PBPK model that takes into account the drug ionization, partitioning between the maternal plasma and milk matrices, and drug partitioning between the milk constituents. Infant dose calculations that take into account maternal and milk physiological variability were incorporated in the model. Predicted M/P ratio for acetaminophen, alprazolam, caffeine, and digoxin were 0.83 ± 0.01, 0.45 ± 0.05, 0.70 ± 0.04, and 0.76 ± 0.02, respectively. These ratios were within 1.26-fold of the observed ratios. Assuming a daily milk intake of 150 ml, the predicted relative infant dose (%) for these compounds were 4.0, 6.7, 9.9, and 86, respectively, which correspond to a daily ingestion of 2.0 ± 0.5 mg, 3.7 ± 1.2 µg, 2.1 ± 1.0 mg, and 32 ± 4.0 µg by an infant of 5 kg bodyweight. Integration of the lactation model within the PBPK approach will facilitate and extend the application of PBPK models during drug development in high-throughput screening and in different clinical settings. The model can also be used in designing lactation trials and in the risk assessment of both environmental chemicals and maternally administered drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Algorithms ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Milk, Human/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism ; Research Design ; Risk Assessment ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2697010-7
    ISSN 2163-8306 ; 2163-8306
    ISSN (online) 2163-8306
    ISSN 2163-8306
    DOI 10.1002/psp4.12662
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  10. Article ; Online: Prediction of Maternal and Fetoplacental Concentrations of Cefazolin, Cefuroxime, and Amoxicillin during Pregnancy Using Bottom-Up Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models.

    Abduljalil, Khaled / Ning, Jia / Pansari, Amita / Pan, Xian / Jamei, Masoud

    Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

    2022  Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 386–400

    Abstract: Concerns over maternal and fetal drug exposures highlight the need for a better understanding of drug distribution into the fetus through the placental barrier. This study aimed to predict maternal and fetal drug disposition using physiologically based ... ...

    Abstract Concerns over maternal and fetal drug exposures highlight the need for a better understanding of drug distribution into the fetus through the placental barrier. This study aimed to predict maternal and fetal drug disposition using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The detailed maternal-placental-fetal PBPK model within the Simcyp Simulator V20 was used to predict the maternal and fetoplacental exposure of cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin during pregnancy and at delivery. The mechanistic dynamic model includes physiologic changes of the maternal, fetal, and placental parameters over the course of pregnancy. Placental kinetics were parametrized using permeability parameters determined from the physicochemical properties of these compounds. Then, the PBPK predictions were compared with the observed data. Fully bottom-up fetoplacental PBPK models were developed for cefuroxime, cefazolin, and amoxicillin without any parameter fitting. Predictions in nonpregnant subjects and in pregnant subjects fall within 2-fold of the observed values. Predictions matched observed pharmacokinetic data reported in nine maternal (five fetoplacental) studies for cefuroxime, 10 maternal (five fetoplacental) studies for cefazolin, and six maternal (two fetoplacental) studies for amoxicillin. Integration of the fetal and maternal system parameters within PBPK models, together with compound-related parameters used to calculate placental permeability, facilitates and extends the applications of the maternal-placental-fetal PBPK model. The developed model can also be used for designing clinical trials and prospectively used for maternal-fetal risk assessment after maternally administered drugs or unintended exposure to environmental toxicants. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study investigates the performance of an integrated maternal-placental-fetal PBPK model to predict maternal and fetal tissue exposure of renally eliminated antibiotics that cross the placenta through a passive diffusion mechanism. The transplacental permeability clearance was predicted from the drug physicochemical properties. Results demonstrate that the PBPK approach can facilitate the prediction of maternal and fetal drug exposure simultaneously at any gestational age to support its use in the maternal-fetal exposure assessments.
    MeSH term(s) Amoxicillin ; Cefazolin/pharmacokinetics ; Cefuroxime/pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Placenta ; Pregnancy
    Chemical Substances Amoxicillin (804826J2HU) ; Cefazolin (IHS69L0Y4T) ; Cefuroxime (O1R9FJ93ED)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186795-7
    ISSN 1521-009X ; 0090-9556
    ISSN (online) 1521-009X
    ISSN 0090-9556
    DOI 10.1124/dmd.121.000711
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