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Article ; Online: Liposomes

Hamdi Nsairat / Dima Khater / Usama Sayed / Fadwa Odeh / Abeer Al Bawab / Walhan Alshaer

Heliyon, Vol 8, Iss 5, Pp e09394- (2022)

structure, composition, types, and clinical applications

2022

Abstract: Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug ... ...

Abstract	Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.
Keywords	Liposomes ; Phospholipids ; Lamellarity ; Stealth liposomes ; Vaccinations ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Treatment Using Photocatalyst Media

Abeer Al Bawab / Muna Abu-Dalo / Aya Khalaf / Duaa Abu-Dalo

Catalysts, Vol 12, Iss 539, p

2022 Volume 539

Abstract: A new nanophotocatalysts series of M 2 Zr 2 O 7 (M = Mn, Cu, and Fe) and doped Fe 2 Zr 2 O 7 systems were prepared via sol-gel using the pechini method , characterized, and tested in photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW). The ... ...

Abstract	A new nanophotocatalysts series of M 2 Zr 2 O 7 (M = Mn, Cu, and Fe) and doped Fe 2 Zr 2 O 7 systems were prepared via sol-gel using the pechini method , characterized, and tested in photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW). The photocatalytic degradation of the prepared materials was evaluated by measuring total phenolic compounds (TPCs) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method for variable pH under a commercial LED lamp (45 W). The removal of TPCs was measured at different contact times ranging from 2 h to 6 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis approved the nano size of (5–17 nm) and quasi-spherical morphology of the prepared materials. ICP-OES analysis confirmed the XRD analysis and approved the structure of the prepared materials. Aggregation of the nanomaterials was observed using TEM imaging. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis measured a 67 m 2 /g surface area for Fe 2 Zr 2 O 7 . Doping Fe with Mn increased the surface area to 173 m 2 /g and increased to 187 m 2 /g with a further increase of the Mn dopant. Increasing the Mn dopant concentration increased both surface area and photocatalytic degradation. The highest degradation of TPCs was observed for Mn 2 Zr 2 O 7 around 70% at pH 10 and exposure time up to one day.
Keywords	nanophotocatalysts ; phenolic compounds ; olive mill wastewater (OMW) ; sol-gel ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Mono-Amino Substituted γ-CD

Fadwa Odeh / Fedaa Adaileh / Walhan Alshaer / Hamdi Nsairat / Dana A. Alqudah / Areej M. Jaber / Abeer Al Bawab

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 1683, p

Host–Guest Complexation and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Investigation

2022 Volume 1683

Abstract: Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides which can trap hydrophobic molecules and improve their chemical, physical, and biological properties. γ-CD showed the highest aqueous solubility with the largest cavity diameter among other CD types. The ... ...

Abstract	Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides which can trap hydrophobic molecules and improve their chemical, physical, and biological properties. γ-CD showed the highest aqueous solubility with the largest cavity diameter among other CD types. The current study describes a direct and easy method for nucleophilic mono-aminos to be substituted with γ-CD and tested for their ability to host the guest curcumin (CUR) as a hydrophobic drug model. The mass spectrometry and NMR analyses showed the successful synthesis of three amino-modified γ-CDs: mono-6-amino-6-deoxy-cyclodextrine (γ-CD-NH 2 ), mono-6-deoxy-6-ethanolamine-γ-cyclodextrine (γ-CD-NHCH 2 CH 2 OH), and mono-6-deoxy-6-aminoethylamino)-γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD-NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ). These three amino-modified γ-CDs were proven to be able to host CUR as native γ-CDs with formation constants equal to 6.70 ± 1.02, 5.85 ± 0.80, and 8.98 ± 0.90 mM −1 , respectively. Moreover, these amino-modified γ-CDs showed no significant toxicity against human dermal fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the current work describes a mono-substitution of amino-modified γ-CDs that can still host guests and showed low toxicity in human dermal fibroblasts cells. Therefore, the amino-modified γ-CDs can be used as a carrier host and be conjugated with a wide range of molecules for different biomedical applications, especially for active loading methods.
Keywords	cyclodextrins ; γ-CDs ; host–guest complexes ; curcumin ; mono-amino substitution ; weak base modification ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Effective Dermal and Transdermal Lipid Nanoparticles

Dima Khater / Hamdi Nsairat / Fadwa Odeh / Mais Saleh / Areej Jaber / Walhan Alshaer / Abeer Al Bawab / Mohammad S. Mubarak

Cosmetics, Vol 8, Iss 39, p

A Review

2021 Volume 39

Abstract: Limited permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) is a major obstacle for numerous skin care products. One promising approach is to use lipid nanoparticles as they not only facilitate penetration across skin but also avoid the drawbacks of ... ...

Abstract	Limited permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) is a major obstacle for numerous skin care products. One promising approach is to use lipid nanoparticles as they not only facilitate penetration across skin but also avoid the drawbacks of conventional skin formulations. This review focuses on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLCs), and nanoemulsions (NEs) developed for topical and transdermal delivery of active compounds. A special emphasis in this review is placed on composition, preparation, modifications, structure and characterization, mechanism of penetration, and recent application of these nanoparticles. The presented data demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles for dermal and transdermal delivery.
Keywords	dermal and transdermal delivery ; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) ; lipid nanocarriers (NLC) ; stratum corneum (SC) ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as an Effective Antibiofouling Material for Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Ultrafiltration Membrane

Nour Alnairat / Muna Abu Dalo / Rund Abu-Zurayk / Saida Abu Mallouh / Fadwa Odeh / Abeer Al Bawab

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 3683, p

2021 Volume 3683

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extract of the Paronychia argentea Lam ( P. argentea ) wild plant. The results showed that the conversion of Ag + to Ag 0 nanoparticles ratio reached 96.5% as determined by ... ...

Abstract	Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using the aqueous extract of the Paronychia argentea Lam ( P. argentea ) wild plant. The results showed that the conversion of Ag + to Ag 0 nanoparticles ratio reached 96.5% as determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), with a negative zeta potential (ζ) of −21.3 ± 7.68 mV of AgNPs expected to improve the stability of synthesized AgNPs. AgNP antibacterial activity has been examined against Streptococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was 4.9 µL/mL for both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 19.9 µL/mL and 4.9 µL/mL for S. aureus and E. coli , respectively. The synthesized AgNPs were incorporated in ultrafiltration polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membranes and showed remarkable antibiofouling behavior against both bacterial strains. The membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The contact angle and porosity of the membrane were also determined. The efficiency of the membranes regarding rejection rate was assessed using bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was found in the flux experiments that membranes BSA rejection was 99.4% and 98.7% with and without AgNPs, respectively.
Keywords	silver nanoparticles ; green synthesis ; PVDF ; ultrafiltration ; antibiofouling ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Photodegradation of Carbol Fuchsin Dye Using an Fe 2−x Cu x Zr 2−x W x O 7 Photocatalyst under Visible-Light Irradiation

Rund Abu-Zurayk / Aya Khalaf / Hussien A. Abbas / Rabab A. Nasr / Tarek S. Jamil / Abeer Al Bawab

Catalysts, Vol 11, Iss 1473, p

2021 Volume 1473

Abstract: Fe 2−x Cu x Zr 2−x W x O 7 (x: 0, 0.05, 0.015) nanoparticles were synthesized following the Pechini method and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) measurements to ... ...

Abstract	Fe 2−x Cu x Zr 2−x W x O 7 (x: 0, 0.05, 0.015) nanoparticles were synthesized following the Pechini method and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) measurements to be used as photocatalysts in colored water remediation. All of the prepared materials were crystallized in a cubic fluorite phase as the major phase. The band gap was reduced upon doping with W 6+ and Cu 2+ from 1.96 eV to 1.47 eV for Fe 1.85 Cu 0 . 15 Zr 1.85 W 0.15 O 7 . Carbol fuchsin (CF) dye was used to determine the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the prepared catalysts. Degradation efficiency was directly proportional to the dopant’s concentration. Complete removal of 20 mg/L CF was achieved under optimal conditions (pH 9, and catalyst loading of 1.5 g/L) using Fe 1.85 Cu 0.15 Zr 1.85 W 0.15 O 7 . The degradation rate followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The reusability for photocatalysts was tested five times, decreasing its efficiency by 4% after the fifth cycle, which indicates that the prepared Fe 1.85 Cu 0.15 Zr 1.85 W 0.15 O 7 photocatalyst is a promising novel photocatalyst due to its superior efficiency in dye photodegradation.
Keywords	photodegradation ; carbol fuchsin ; photocatalysts ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290 ; 669
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fungicidal and nematicidal activities for essential oils formulated in Janus emulsion

Mona Sharar / Ayat Bozeya / Luma Al-Banna / Abeer Al-Bawab

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 121-

2017 Volume 128

Abstract: This study investigated the nematicidal and fungicidal activities of the two immiscible camphor and orange oils formulated in Janus emulsion (JE). JE was prepared from camphor and orange oils by a single-step emulsification with different concentrations ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the nematicidal and fungicidal activities of the two immiscible camphor and orange oils formulated in Janus emulsion (JE). JE was prepared from camphor and orange oils by a single-step emulsification with different concentrations chosen from an established phase diagram. Camphor oil nematicidal activity was studied against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, while orange oil fungicidal activity was studied against the wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). For a comparison study, different concentrations of JE and double emulsions were prepared. Results showed that JE had a significant mortality effect on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) M. incognita with 81% mortality and was able to delay the growth of Fol four and seven days after exposure, while changes in the efficiency of DE were recorded. Prepared JEs were shown to maintain the efficiency and to have slow release profiles for encapsulated oils.
Keywords	Phase diagram ; double emulsion (DE) ; Janus emulsion (JE) ; surfactant ; Meloidogyne incognita ; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) ; Science ; Q ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Decolourization of crystal violet using nano-sized novel fluorite structure Ga2Zr2−xWxO7 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation

H. A. Abbas / Rabab A. Nasr / Rund Abu-Zurayk / Abeer Al Bawab / Tarek S. Jamil

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 7, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Fluorite-type Zr-based oxides with the composition Ga2Zr2−xWxO7 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) were prepared using the citrate technique. Appropriate characterizations of all prepared materials were carried out. X-ray diffraction clarified that the ... ...

Abstract	Fluorite-type Zr-based oxides with the composition Ga2Zr2−xWxO7 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) were prepared using the citrate technique. Appropriate characterizations of all prepared materials were carried out. X-ray diffraction clarified that the undoped and W-doped Ga2Zr2O7 samples were crystallized in the cubic fluorite phase structure. The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 3–8 nm. The lowest band gap (1.7 eV) and the highest surface area (124.3 m2 g−1) were recorded for Ga2Zr0.85W0.15O7. The photocatalytic impacts of the prepared systems were studied by removal of crystal violet (CV) dye employing visible light illumination and taking into consideration the initial dye concentrations, duration of visible irradiation treatment, catalysts dose and the dopant concentration. The obtained results showed higher dye removal with the boost of the catalyst dosage. W doping shifted the absorption to the visible light range by decreasing the band gap from 4.95 eV for parent Ga2Zr2O7 to 1.7 eV for 15 mol% tungsten-doped Ga2Zr2O7 enhancing the photocatalytic decolourization of CV from 4.2% to 83.6% for undoped and 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7, respectively, at optimum operating conditions (pH 9, 1 g l−1 catalyst dose and 300 min) while heavily doped W sample containing 20 mol% W showed lower removal than 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7. Complete CV degradation using 15 mol% W-doped Ga2Zr2O7 was attained with the assistance of 25 mmol l−1 hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is aligned to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Different scavengers were introduced to decide the significance of the reactive species in CV degradation. O2−∙ and h+ had the major role in the degradation of CV by Ga2Zr2−xWxO7 system compared with HO•.
Keywords	ga2zr2−xwxo7 ; fluorite phase ; wastewater treatment ; nanomaterials ; crystal violet dye ; photocatalytic degradation ; Science ; Q
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Three-phase surfactant-less emulsions

Abeer Al-Bawab / Ayat Bozeya / Hida Hasinovic / Stig E. Friberg

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 246-

2015 Volume 254

Abstract: Two emulsions were prepared of water, silicone oil (SO) and vegetable oil (VO) with 1:3 ratio of SO and VO, and different amount of water, and investigated for destabilization mechanisms. The emulsions were highly unstable with no mutual solubility ... ...

Abstract	Two emulsions were prepared of water, silicone oil (SO) and vegetable oil (VO) with 1:3 ratio of SO and VO, and different amount of water, and investigated for destabilization mechanisms. The emulsions were highly unstable with no mutual solubility between the three liquids and with the absence of surfactant and the investigation focused on a combination of coalescence and sedimentation/creaming processes. With no water present, the system was only of the type VO/SO single emulsion, while with water present two types of emulsions were formed.
Keywords	Olive oil ; Silicone oil ; Emulsion ; Emulsion destabilization ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Co-encapsulation of thymoquinone with docetaxel enhances the encapsulation efficiency into PEGylated liposomes and the chemosensitivity of MCF7 breast cancer cells to docetaxel

Fadwa Odeh / Randa Naffa / Hanan Azzam / Ismail S. Mahmoud / Walhan Alshaer / Abeer Al Bawab / Said Ismail

Heliyon, Vol 5, Iss 11, Pp e02919- (2019)

2019

Abstract: Combinatorial therapeutic strategies to eradicate tumors can be superior to a single therapeutic modality. Docetaxel (DT) has been approved for the treatment of local or metastasized breast cancer alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic ... ...

Abstract	Combinatorial therapeutic strategies to eradicate tumors can be superior to a single therapeutic modality. Docetaxel (DT) has been approved for the treatment of local or metastasized breast cancer alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Thymoquinone (TQ) originated from the seeds of Nigella Sativa plant has been reported to possess in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against variety of tumors. In the current study, we have investigated the synergistic anticancer efficacy of a novel combination of DT and TQ on MCF7 breast cancer cell line using MTT cell viability assay. Moreover, this study describes for the first time the co-encapsulation of DT and TQ into PEGylated liposomes. The results showed that the combination of DT and TQ resulted in significant synergistic cytotoxicity compared to DT and TQ alone. Moreover, DT and TQ have been successfully co-encapsulated into PEGylated liposomes with higher encapsulation efficiency compared to DT and TQ alone. In conclusion, DT and TQ combination poses a synergistic effect and may aid in decreasing the required doses of DT. Also, the co-encapsulation of DT and TQ into PEGylated liposomes can provide a promising DT and TQ delivery system into cancer cells.
Keywords	Cancer research ; Pharmaceutical science ; Breast cancer ; Docetaxel ; Thymoquinone ; Liposomes ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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