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Article ; Online: Potency trends of cannabis in Jamaica during the period of 2014 to 2020.

Lindsay, Carole M / Bernard, Khalia K / Hammond, Amanda M / Beckford, Sheldon / Abel, Wendel D / Brown, Paul D / Young, Lauriann E

Drug testing and analysis

2023 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 174–186

Abstract: Reports suggest that cannabis potency has dramatically increased over the last decade in the USA and Europe. Cannabinoids are the terpeno-phenolic compounds found in the cannabis plant and are responsible for its pharmacological activity. The two most ... ...

Abstract	Reports suggest that cannabis potency has dramatically increased over the last decade in the USA and Europe. Cannabinoids are the terpeno-phenolic compounds found in the cannabis plant and are responsible for its pharmacological activity. The two most prominent cannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ
MeSH term(s)	Cannabis/chemistry ; Dronabinol/analysis ; Jamaica ; Cannabinoids/analysis ; Cannabidiol/analysis ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ; Hallucinogens
Chemical Substances	Dronabinol (7J8897W37S) ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabidiol (19GBJ60SN5) ; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ; Hallucinogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.3527
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Article ; Online: Jamaican adolescents' receptiveness to digital mental health services: A cross-sectional survey from rural and urban communities.

Maloney, Catherine A / Abel, Wendel D / McLeod, Hamish J

Internet interventions

2020 Volume 21, Page(s) 100325

Abstract: Background: Improving access to mental health resources for young people is an urgent healthcare challenge. As the majority of youth live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) mental ill health can exert substantial adverse impacts on societies ... ...

Abstract	Background: Improving access to mental health resources for young people is an urgent healthcare challenge. As the majority of youth live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) mental ill health can exert substantial adverse impacts on societies that can least afford it. Digital mental health technologies might help close the treatment gap but we need to understand barriers to implementing these strategies, especially in resource constrained contexts such as LMICs. Methods: We surveyed adolescents ( Results: Adolescents reported very few practical or infrastructure barriers to accessing digital mental health resources. >90% of the sample had access to a smartphone, 78% expected that digital solutions could benefit adolescents with symptoms of mental distress, and 56% were interested in using mental health apps to monitor their own mental health. Stigma, shame, and embarrassment were major barriers to help-seeking and formal professional help was only preferred for more severe conditions such as psychosis and substance abuse. Conclusions: Practical barriers are unlikely to impede the uptake of digital mental health resources by Jamaican adolescents. Our data suggest that mental health literacy, stigma, and embarrassment pose more serious blocks to help-seeking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2764252-5
ISSN	2214-7829 ; 2214-7829
ISSN (online)	2214-7829
ISSN	2214-7829
DOI	10.1016/j.invent.2020.100325
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Article ; Online: Form and content of Jamaican cannabis edibles.

Lindsay, Carole M / Abel, Wendel D / Jones-Edwards, Erica E / Brown, Paul D / Bernard, Khalia K / Taylor, Tainia T

Journal of cannabis research

2021 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 29

Abstract: Background: In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved with edible dosage. Vandrey et al. ...

Abstract	Background: In 2017, the Jamaican government banned the sale of cannabis-infused edibles after reports of over-intoxication in adults and children. There is a general lack of public awareness regarding the risk involved with edible dosage. Vandrey et al. in 2015 reported that random cannabis edibles sampled from dispensaries in California and Washington in the USA failed to meet the basic labeling standards for pharmaceuticals (Vandrey et al.; JAMA 2015). This study aims to measure the levels of THC and CBD in a variety of edibles available locally in order to establish current cannabinoid content and to report on safety and packaging. This study is deemed necessary as no such study has been done to measure the potency levels of edibles and to raise awareness of the potential risk to children. Methods: Forty-five cannabis-infused edible items were collected as convenience samples over a 4-year period (2014-2018) and analyzed. The QuEChERS technique (modified) was used to extract cannabinoids from each item. The extracts were then derivatized with MSTFA prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The descriptive statistics were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences-SPSS Software. Descriptive statistics presented include the mean, median, standard deviation, and range for each product category. The distribution of data with a box and whisker plot and frequency of THC to CBD ratios with a histogram was also presented. Results: Edibles on the Jamaican market comprise baked goods, candies, frozen foods, and beverages. Eighty-six percent of samples were poorly labeled and failed to meet basic labeling requirements. None of the packages were observed to be child-proof. THC levels ranged from 0.01 to 99.9 mg per product while CBD levels ranged from 0.001 to 69.2 mg per product. The highest THC and CBD levels were detected in cookies and brownies. Thirty percent of the samples had THC levels greater than the recommended 10 mg THC per serving. Conclusion: The lack of proper labeling and the wide range of THC levels in cannabis edibles raises public health concerns for all consumers including inexperienced persons who may be at a greater risk of overdosing. Concern must also be raised over the possibility that the attractive and tasty ways in which the drug is being presented might tempt young children and teens to take cannabis. Impact statement It is hoped that this information will raise public awareness of the current potential danger these edibles pose to children and inexperienced users and that policymakers will see the need for the imposition of suitable regulations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2522-5782
ISSN (online)	2522-5782
DOI	10.1186/s42238-021-00079-9
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Article ; Online: Is sense of belonging at school associated with cannabis use among secondary school students in Barbados?

Oshi, Sarah N / Abel, Wendel D / Brown, Kimone / Campbell-Williams, Kayan / Whitehorne-Smith, Patrice / Agu, Chinwendu F / Griffith, Alana / Oshi, Daniel C

Psychology, health & medicine

2019 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 824–831

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess whether students' sense of belonging at school was associated with cannabis use among secondary school students in Barbados. This was a cross-sectional study involving a nationally representative weighted sample ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to assess whether students' sense of belonging at school was associated with cannabis use among secondary school students in Barbados. This was a cross-sectional study involving a nationally representative weighted sample of 8,538 students drawn from 2
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Barbados ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana Use/psychology ; Schools ; Social Behavior ; Students/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1477841-5
ISSN	1465-3966 ; 1354-8506
ISSN (online)	1465-3966
ISSN	1354-8506
DOI	10.1080/13548506.2019.1672878
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Article: Risperidone Provides Better Improvement of Sleep Disturbances Than Haloperidol Therapy in Schizophrenia Patients With Cannabis-Positive Urinalysis.

Thomas-Brown, Peta-Gaye L / Martin, Jacqueline S / Sewell, Clayton A / Abel, Wendel D / Gossell-Williams, Maxine D

Frontiers in pharmacology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 769

Abstract: A high percentage of persons with Schizophrenia also ... ...

Abstract	A high percentage of persons with Schizophrenia also uses
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2018.00769
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Article ; Online: Alcohol Drinking among Primary School Children in Trinidad and Tobago: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Agu, Chinwendu F / Oshi, Daniel C / Weaver, Steve / Abel, Wendel D / Rae, Tania / Ricketts Roomes, Tana F / Oshi, Sarah N

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2018 Volume 19, Issue S1, Page(s) 51–55

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Trinidad and Tobago/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-23
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2476-762X
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
DOI	10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.S1.51
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Article ; Online: A Population-based Analysis of the Influence of Religious Affiliation on Alcohol Consumption among Jamaicans

Weaver, Steve / Oshi, Daniel C / Abel, Wendel D / Rae, Tania / Oshi, Sarah N / Smith, Patrice Whitehorne / Ricketts Roomes, Tana / Agu, Chinwendu F

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

2018 Volume 19, Issue S1, Page(s) 33–37

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Male ; Religion ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-23
Publishing country	Thailand
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2476-762X
ISSN (online)	2476-762X
DOI	10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.S1.33
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Article ; Online: Patterns of depressive symptoms among younger elderly (60-74 years old) and older elderly (≥75 years old) in Jamaica.

Gibson, Roger C / James, Kenneth / Waldron, Norman K / Abel, Wendel D / Eldemire-Shearer, Denise / Mitchell-Fearon, Kathryn

International psychogeriatrics

2018 Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 1217–1224

Abstract: Objectives: We sought to explore factors associated with depressive symptom severity among older persons (≥60 years of age) and to compare the depressive symptoms commonly experienced by older elderly (≥75 years) with those commonly experienced by ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We sought to explore factors associated with depressive symptom severity among older persons (≥60 years of age) and to compare the depressive symptoms commonly experienced by older elderly (≥75 years) with those commonly experienced by younger elderly (<75 years). Design: Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a nationally representative survey. Setting: Four parishes in Jamaica. Participants: A total of 2,943 older community dwellers participated. Measurements: The survey included the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and items on age, sex, and educational level. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between ZSDS score and: age, sex, MMSE score, and educational level. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine, for each ZSDS item, whether particular responses were more associated with older or younger elderly. Results: Higher ZSDS scores were associated with increasing age (B = 0.13, p < 0.001), lower MMSE score (B = -0.42, p < 0.001), the female sex (B = 3.52, p < 0.001), and lower educational level (B = -1.27, p < 0.001). The ZSDS items that were endorsed significantly more (p < 0.05) by older elderly related to negative evaluations about their functionality and value. Hopelessness was also more prominent among the older elderly. The items that were endorsed significantly more (p < 0.05) by the younger elderly had less of a focus. Conclusion: Among older persons, increasing age was associated with marginally higher levels of depressive symptoms. Female gender, cognitive deficits, preoccupations about value and functionality, and feelings of hopelessness may serve as useful screening parameters.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Class ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1038825-4
ISSN	1741-203X ; 1041-6102
ISSN (online)	1741-203X
ISSN	1041-6102
DOI	10.1017/S104161021800162X
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Zs.A 2621: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 513: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Alcohol use, depression, and life satisfaction among older persons in Jamaica.

Gibson, Roger C / Waldron, Norman K / Abel, Wendel D / Eldemire-Shearer, Denise / James, Kenneth / Mitchell-Fearon, Kathryn

International psychogeriatrics

2017 Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 663–671

Abstract: Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among older Jamaicans as well as to explore among this population the relationships between alcohol use and: age, sex, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Although the nature of ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among older Jamaicans as well as to explore among this population the relationships between alcohol use and: age, sex, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Although the nature of these relationships among the proposed study population were uncertain, in other settings alcohol use has tended to decline with increasing age, occur more commonly among men than women, and show non-linear relationships with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Methods: Data gathered by two-stage cluster sampling for a nationally representative health and lifestyle survey of 2,943 community-dwelling older Jamaicans, aged 60 to 103 years, were subjected to secondary analysis using the Student's t-test and χ 2 test as appropriate. Results: Current alcohol use was reported by 21.4% of the participants. It steadily declined with age and was six times more prevalent among men (37.6%) than women (6.2%). These findings were statistically significant as were associations of current alcohol use with comparatively lower levels of depressive symptoms. Current alcohol use was also more prevalent among persons who were either highly satisfied or highly dissatisfied with their lives, compared to others who had levels of life satisfaction between these two extremes. Conclusions: Current alcohol use among older Jamaicans occurs primarily among men, declines with increasing age, and is associated with a relatively low likelihood of depression. It is also associated with very high and very low levels of life satisfaction.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038825-4
ISSN	1741-203X ; 1041-6102
ISSN (online)	1741-203X
ISSN	1041-6102
DOI	10.1017/S1041610216002209
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Zs.MO 513: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The prevalence and associated demographic factors of dementia from a cross-sectional community survey in Kingston, Jamaica.

Neita, Susanne M / Abel, Wendel D / Eldemire-Shearer, Denise / James, Kenneth / Gibson, Roger C

International journal of geriatric psychiatry

2014 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–105

Abstract: Objectives: Using a cross-sectional community survey, the authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia among a sample of older Jamaicans and to identify associated demographic factors.: Methods: From February to July 2010, persons of age ≥60 ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Using a cross-sectional community survey, the authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia among a sample of older Jamaicans and to identify associated demographic factors. Methods: From February to July 2010, persons of age ≥60 years were randomly selected from two communities in Kingston, Jamaica and screened with the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). All MMSE-positive participants and an equal number of matched MMSE-negative participants underwent definitive diagnostic evaluation for dementia using the Clinical and Diagnostic Assessment Procedure for Dementia. Subsequently derived MMSE sensitivity and specificity measures from the subsample were used to estimate the overall prevalence of dementia (primary outcome). Chi square, Fisher's Exact, Exact, Spearman's correlation and t-tests were used to explore associations of dementia with age, gender, educational level and socioeconomic status. Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05. Results: Two hundred participants were recruited. Age-standardized prevalence rates of dementia were 5.07% (standardized to the Jamaican population) and 5.32% (standardized to the West Europe population). Dementia was more prevalent among older persons (Spearman's rho = 0.31; p < 0.001); no other significant associations were found. Conclusions: Dementia prevalence found in this study is lower than figures from previous Caribbean reports. The older persons are disproportionately affected.
MeSH term(s)	Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Jamaica/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	806736-3
ISSN	1099-1166 ; 0885-6230
ISSN (online)	1099-1166
ISSN	0885-6230
DOI	10.1002/gps.3982
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