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Article ; Online: A liposomal bupivacaine infiltrative block reduces rescue analgesia administration compared to a bupivacaine splash block after canine ovariohysterectomy in a teaching laboratory.

Wheeler, Emily P / Abelson, Amanda L / Paul, April L / Barton, Bruce A / McCobb, Emily C

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 261, Issue 11, Page(s) 1673–1682

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to determine whether an infiltrative block with liposomal bupivacaine was associated with less rescue analgesia administration and lower pain scores than a bupivacaine splash block after ovariohysterectomy in dogs.: Animals! ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to determine whether an infiltrative block with liposomal bupivacaine was associated with less rescue analgesia administration and lower pain scores than a bupivacaine splash block after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Animals: Eligible dogs included those that were spayed as part of a veterinary teaching laboratory. Dogs were up to 7 years old and otherwise healthy. A total of 136 dogs were analyzed. Methods: All dogs underwent ovariohysterectomy performed by veterinary students. Dogs received hydromorphone and acepromazine premedication, propofol induction, isoflurane maintenance, and an NSAID. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive either a splash block with standard bupivacaine or an infiltrative block with liposomal bupivacaine for incisional analgesia. Postoperatively, all dogs were assessed by a blinded evaluator using the Colorado State University-Canine Acute Pain Scale (CSU-CAPS) and Glasgow Composite Measures Pain Scale-Short Form (GCPS-SF). Dogs received rescue analgesia with buprenorphine if they scored ≥ 2 on the CSU-CAPS scale. Results: Dogs that received liposomal bupivacaine had a significantly lower incidence of (P = .04) and longer time to (P = .03) administration of rescue analgesia. There was an overall time-averaged significant difference between groups for CSU-CAPS (P = .049) and GCPS-SF scores (P = .015), with dogs in the bupivacaine group being more likely to have an elevated pain score at some point for both scales. Clinical relevance: The use of liposomal bupivacaine in an infiltrative block may decrease the need for rescue analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy compared to a bupivacaine splash block.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Analgesia/veterinary ; Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use ; Bupivacaine/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dog Diseases/prevention & control ; Hysterectomy/veterinary ; Ovariectomy/veterinary ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control ; Pain, Postoperative/veterinary ; Random Allocation
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine (Y8335394RO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.23.01.0057
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Article ; Online: Predicting the effect of fresh gas flow on tidal volume in volume-controlled mechanically ventilated dogs

Topulos, Sophia P. / Topulos, George P. / Abelson, Amanda L. / Lindsey, Jane C. / Wetmore, Lois A.

Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2023 Jan., v. 50, no. 1 p.57-62

2023

Abstract: To determine if the tidal volume (VT) delivered (VTDEL) to canine patients being mechanically ventilated by a volume-controlled ventilator differed from the volume set on the ventilator (VTSET) at three fresh gas flow (FGF) rates. To determine if VTDEL ... ...

Abstract	To determine if the tidal volume (VT) delivered (VTDEL) to canine patients being mechanically ventilated by a volume-controlled ventilator differed from the volume set on the ventilator (VTSET) at three fresh gas flow (FGF) rates. To determine if VTDEL could be accurately predicted by an FGF-based mathematical model. Prospective proof-of-concept study. A total of 23 adult client-owned dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Dogs were anesthetized and ventilated with a volume-controlled mechanical ventilator with constant respiratory rate (fR) of 10 breaths minute–¹, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:2 [fraction of inspiratory time (TI) in one respiratory cycle (Tₜₒₜ) 1:3], and VTSET as body weight (kg) × 15 (mL kg–¹). VTDEL was measured in 20 dogs at three FGF (500, 1000 and 4000 mL minute–¹). A mathematical model was used to calculate predicted volume (VTPRED) for each animal at each FGF: VTSET + {FGF × [(TI/Tₜₒₜ)/fR]}. Linear repeated measures models were fit comparing VTDEL to VTSET and to VTPRED by FGF. VTDEL was significantly higher than VTSET at every FGF (p < 0.05), and differences were larger at higher FGF (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between VTDEL and VTPRED at FGF rates of 500 and 4000 mL minute–¹ and, although the mean VTDEL was statistically significantly higher than VTPRED at FGF 1000 mL minute–¹ (p = 0.017), the mean difference of 9 mL was not clinically significant. Dogs on volume-controlled ventilators may be ventilated at a higher VTDEL than intended depending on the FGF settings. Ventilation of small animals at high FGF could inadvertently induce pulmonary damage. A mathematical equation can be used to achieve a desired VTDEL by adjusting VTSET values based on FGF, fR and TI/Tₜₒₜ.
Keywords	adults ; analgesia ; anesthesia ; body weight ; dogs ; equations ; mathematical models ; orthopedics ; respiratory rate ; surgery ; tidal volume ; fresh gas flow ; mechanical ventilation ; safety ; volume-controlled ventilation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 57-62.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2022.10.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats: a pilot study.

Wheeler, Emily P / Abelson, Amanda L / Lindsey, Jane C / Wetmore, Lois A

Journal of feline medicine and surgery

2021 Volume 23, Issue 12, Page(s) 1109–1116

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and alfaxalone. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study. Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IM injection of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg), alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; HAM group), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg; HA group). Sedation scoring (0-9, where 9 indicated maximum sedation) was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins from the time of injection. At 20 mins, an IV catheter placement score (0-10, where 10 indicated least resistance) was performed. Results: Twenty-one client-owned adult cats were included in this study. Sedation and IV catheter placement scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Peak sedation was significantly higher ( Conclusions and relevance: These preliminary results suggest that the addition of midazolam to IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone produced more profound sedation and greater ease of IV catheter placement than IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone alone.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cats ; Hydromorphone/pharmacology ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary ; Midazolam/pharmacology ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnanediones/pharmacology ; Prospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Pregnanediones ; alphaxalone (BD07M97B2A) ; Hydromorphone (Q812464R06) ; Midazolam (R60L0SM5BC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X21996155
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Article ; Online: The effects of two intramuscular sedation protocols on echocardiographic variables in cats following sedation and blood donation.

Reader, Rebecca C / Yang, Vicky K / Babyak, Jonathan M / Abelson, Amanda L

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)

2021 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 256–262

Abstract: Objective: To compare effects of 2 IM sedation protocols, alfaxalone-butorphanol (AB) versus dexmedetomidine-butorphanol (DB), on echocardiographic (ECHO) variables in cats following sedation and blood donation.: Design: Experimental randomized, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To compare effects of 2 IM sedation protocols, alfaxalone-butorphanol (AB) versus dexmedetomidine-butorphanol (DB), on echocardiographic (ECHO) variables in cats following sedation and blood donation. Design: Experimental randomized, blinded crossover study. Setting: University teaching hospital. Animals: Eleven client-owned healthy cats. Interventions: Cats received a baseline ECHO without sedation prior to their first donation. Cats were sedated intramuscularly with AB (alfaxalone, 2 mg/kg, and butorphanol, 0.2 mg/kg) for 1 donation and DB (dexmedetomidine, 10 μg/kg, and butorphanol 0.2, mg/kg) for another, with a minimum 6 weeks between donations. A post-sedation, post-donation ECHO was performed after each blood donation. Measurements and main results: Eight cats completed the study. Compared to baseline, DB combined with blood donation decreased heart rate (-84/min; P < 0.0001), fractional shortening (-16.5%; P < 0.0001), ejection fraction (-21.0%; P = 0.0002), and cardiac output (-292 mL/min, P = 0.0001); AB combined with blood donation increased heart rate (+45/min; P = 0.0003) and decreased left ventricular end diastolic volume (-1.57 mL; P < 0.0001). Compared to AB, DB decreased heart rate (-129/min; P < 0.0001) and fractional shortening (-21.6%; P < 0.0001) and increased left ventricular end-systolic (+1.14 mL; P = 0.0004) and diastolic volumes (+1.93 mL; P < 0.0002). Cats administered DB had a significant increase in regurgitant flow across mitral, aortic, and pulmonic valves following blood donation (P < 0.05). One cat administered DB developed spontaneous echo contrast in the left ventricle following donation. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Compared to AB, DB had more pronounced effects on ECHO variables in cats following IM sedation and blood donation. Due to its minimal impact on ECHO variables, AB may be a more desirable sedation protocol in this population of cats.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/veterinary ; Animals ; Blood Donors ; Butorphanol/pharmacology ; Cats/physiology ; Conscious Sedation/veterinary ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology ; Echocardiography/veterinary ; Female ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Ventricles/drug effects ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology ; Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary ; Male ; Pregnanediones/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Pregnanediones ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; alphaxalone (BD07M97B2A) ; Butorphanol (QV897JC36D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	2077212-9
ISSN	1476-4431 ; 1479-3261
ISSN (online)	1476-4431
ISSN	1479-3261
DOI	10.1111/vec.13058
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Article ; Online: Predicting the effect of fresh gas flow on tidal volume in volume-controlled mechanically ventilated dogs.

Topulos, Sophia P / Topulos, George P / Abelson, Amanda L / Lindsey, Jane C / Wetmore, Lois A

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia

2022 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 57–62

Abstract: Objectives: To determine if the tidal volume (V: Study design: Prospective proof-of-concept study.: Animals: A total of 23 adult client-owned dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.: Methods: Dogs were anesthetized and ventilated with a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To determine if the tidal volume (V Study design: Prospective proof-of-concept study. Animals: A total of 23 adult client-owned dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Methods: Dogs were anesthetized and ventilated with a volume-controlled mechanical ventilator with constant respiratory rate (f Results: V Conclusions and clinical relevance: Dogs on volume-controlled ventilators may be ventilated at a higher V
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Tidal Volume ; Respiration, Artificial/veterinary ; Prospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Respiration
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020582-X
ISSN	1467-2995 ; 1467-2987
ISSN (online)	1467-2995
ISSN	1467-2987
DOI	10.1016/j.vaa.2022.10.003
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Article ; Online: Anesthesia Case of the Month.

Sahagian, Michael J / Costa, Renata S / Abelson, Amanda L

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2019 Volume 255, Issue 3, Page(s) 305–308

MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia/adverse effects ; Anesthesia/methods ; Anesthesia/veterinary ; Animals ; Dog Diseases/physiopathology ; Dogs/physiology ; Female ; Hypotension/physiopathology ; Hypotension/veterinary ; Hypovolemia/physiopathology ; Hypovolemia/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.255.3.305
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 423: Show issues

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Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Sedative effects of alfaxalone and hydromorphone with or without midazolam in cats: a pilot study

Wheeler, Emily P / Abelson, Amanda L / Lindsey, Jane C / Wetmore, Lois A

Journal of feline medicine and surgery. 2021 Dec., v. 23, no. 12

2021

Abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this pilot study was to compare the quality of sedation and ease of intravenous (IV) catheter placement following sedation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols in cats: hydromorphone, alfaxalone and midazolam vs hydromorphone and alfaxalone. This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study. Cats were randomly assigned to receive an IM injection of hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg), alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg; HAM group), or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg/kg; HA group). Sedation scoring (0–9, where 9 indicated maximum sedation) was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins from the time of injection. At 20 mins, an IV catheter placement score (0–10, where 10 indicated least resistance) was performed. Twenty-one client-owned adult cats were included in this study. Sedation and IV catheter placement scores were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Peak sedation was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in the HAM group (median 9; range 7–9) than in the HA group (median 7; range 3–9), and IV catheter placement scores were significantly higher (P = 0.001) in the HAM group (median 9.5; range 7–10) compared with the HA group (median 7; range 4–9). Spearman correlations were calculated between IV catheter placement score and sedation scores. There was a significant positive correlation of average sedation over time (correlation 0.83; P <0.001) and sedation at 20 mins (correlation 0.76; P <0.001) with a higher, more favorable IV catheter placement score. These preliminary results suggest that the addition of midazolam to IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone produced more profound sedation and greater ease of IV catheter placement than IM alfaxalone and hydromorphone alone.
Keywords	adults ; alfaxalone ; catheters ; cats ; intravenous injection ; medicine ; sedation ; sedatives ; surgery
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 1109-1116.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X21996155
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Article ; Online: Postoperative regurgitation and respiratory complications in brachycephalic dogs undergoing airway surgery before and after implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol.

Costa, Renata S / Abelson, Amanda L / Lindsey, Jane C / Wetmore, Lois A

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2020 Volume 256, Issue 8, Page(s) 899–905

Abstract: Objective: To determine whether implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress in brachycephalic dogs undergoing general anesthesia for ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To determine whether implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress in brachycephalic dogs undergoing general anesthesia for airway surgery. Animals: 84 client-owned dogs. Procedures: A perianesthetic protocol that included preoperative administration of metoclopramide and famotidine, restrictive use of opioids, and recovery of patients in the intensive care unit was fully implemented for brachycephalic dogs in July 2014. Medical records of brachycephalic dogs (specifically Boston Terriers, French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs) undergoing anesthesia for airway surgery before (group A) and after (group B) protocol implementation were reviewed. Patient characteristics, administration of medications described in the protocol, surgical procedures performed, anesthesia duration, recovery location, and postoperative development of regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress were recorded. Data were compared between groups. Results: The proportion of dogs with postoperative regurgitation in group B (4/44 [9%]) was significantly lower than that in group A (14/40 [35%]). No intergroup differences in patient characteristics (including history of regurgitation), procedures performed, or anesthesia duration were found. Rates of development of postoperative pneumonia and respiratory distress did not differ between groups. A history of regurgitation was associated with development of postoperative regurgitation. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Implementation of the described protocol was associated with decreased incidence of postoperative regurgitation in brachycephalic dogs undergoing anesthesia. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate specific causes of this finding.
MeSH term(s)	Airway Obstruction/veterinary ; Animals ; Craniosynostoses/veterinary ; Dog Diseases ; Dogs ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.256.8.899
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Article ; Online: Comparison of two intramuscular sedation protocols on sedation, recovery and ease of venipuncture for cats undergoing blood donation.

Reader, Rebecca C / Barton, Bruce A / Abelson, Amanda L

Journal of feline medicine and surgery

2018 Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 95–102

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of sedation and recovery, and ease of venipuncture following sedation for feline blood donation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols: alfaxalone/butorphanol (AB) and dexmedetomidine/ ...

Abstract	Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of sedation and recovery, and ease of venipuncture following sedation for feline blood donation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols: alfaxalone/butorphanol (AB) and dexmedetomidine/butorphanol (DB). Methods: This was an experimental randomized, blinded, crossover study. Ten client-owned healthy cats were recruited to participate in the study. Cats were sedated with AB (alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg) for one donation and DB (dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg) for another. Reaction to injection, quality of sedation and quality of recovery were assessed by a blinded observer. Time to lateral recumbency, number of venipuncture attempts, time required for blood collection and time to return to sternal recumbency were recorded. Cats were monitored for evidence of gastrointestinal distress. Each donation consisted of a maximum of 53 ml whole blood drawn over 3-22 mins. Donors received 100 ml subcutaneous lactated Ringer's solution in recovery. Owners, unaware of sedation protocol, were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating their cat's behavior following sedation. Results: IM injections were well tolerated by both treatment groups. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in sedation scores for posture ( P = 0.30) or behavior ( P = 0.06). Cats sedated with DB had significantly higher muscle relaxation scores ( P = 0.03) compared with AB. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in time to lateral recumbency ( P = 0.12), number of venipuncture attempts ( P = 0.91) and time for blood draw ( P = 0.29). There was no difference in quality of recoveries between treatment groups based on simple descriptive scores ( P = 0.18) and owner evaluation 24 h following sedation. One cat vomited following administration of DB. Conclusions and relevance: Alfaxalone is a suitable alternative to dexmedetomidine when combined with butorphanol and used as part of an IM sedation protocol for cats undergoing blood donation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Transfusion/veterinary ; Cats ; Conscious Sedation/veterinary ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use ; Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary ; Phlebotomy/methods ; Phlebotomy/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X18760434
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Article: Postoperative regurgitation and respiratory complications in brachycephalic dogs undergoing airway surgery before and after implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol

Costa, Renata S / Abelson, Amanda L / Lindsey, Jane C / Wetmore, Lois A

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2020 Apr. 15, v. 256, no. 8

2020

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine whether implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress in brachycephalic dogs undergoing general anesthesia for ... ...

Abstract	OBJECTIVE To determine whether implementation of a standardized perianesthetic protocol was associated with reduced incidence of postoperative regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress in brachycephalic dogs undergoing general anesthesia for airway surgery. ANIMALS 84 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES A perianesthetic protocol that included preoperative administration of metoclopramide and famotidine, restrictive use of opioids, and recovery of patients in the intensive care unit was fully implemented for brachycephalic dogs in July 2014. Medical records of brachycephalic dogs (specifically Boston Terriers, French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs) undergoing anesthesia for airway surgery before (group A) and after (group B) protocol implementation were reviewed. Patient characteristics, administration of medications described in the protocol, surgical procedures performed, anesthesia duration, recovery location, and postoperative development of regurgitation, pneumonia, and respiratory distress were recorded. Data were compared between groups. RESULTS The proportion of dogs with postoperative regurgitation in group B (4/44 [9%]) was significantly lower than that in group A (14/40 [35%]). No intergroup differences in patient characteristics (including history of regurgitation), procedures performed, or anesthesia duration were found. Rates of development of postoperative pneumonia and respiratory distress did not differ between groups. A history of regurgitation was associated with development of postoperative regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Implementation of the described protocol was associated with decreased incidence of postoperative regurgitation in brachycephalic dogs undergoing anesthesia. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate specific causes of this finding.
Keywords	anesthesia ; distress ; metoclopramide ; narcotics ; patients ; pneumonia ; surgery
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0415
Size	p. 899-905.
Publishing place	American Veterinary Medical Association
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.256.8.899
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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