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  1. Article ; Online: Novel Markers in Pediatric Acute Lymphoid Leukemia

    Laila Alsuwaidi / Mahmood Hachim / Abiola Senok

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    The Role of ADAM6 in B Cell Leukemia

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: BackgroundThe extensive genetic heterogeneity found in the B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) subtype of childhood ALL represents a potential repository of biomarkers. To explore this potential, we have carried out in silico analysis ...

    Abstract BackgroundThe extensive genetic heterogeneity found in the B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) subtype of childhood ALL represents a potential repository of biomarkers. To explore this potential, we have carried out in silico analysis of publicly available ALL datasets to identify genetic biomarkers for childhood BCP-ALL, which could be used either individually or in combination as markers for early detection, risk stratification, and prognosis.MethodsTo explore novel genes that show promising clinical and molecular signatures, we examined the cBioPortal online tool for publicly available datasets on lymphoid cancers. Three studies on lymphoblastic and lymphoid leukemia with 1706 patients and 2144 samples of which were identified. Only B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma samples (n = 1978) were selected for further analysis. Chromosomal changes were assessed to determine novel genomic loci to analyze clinical and molecular profiles for the leukemia of lymphoid origin using cBioPortal tool.ResultsADAM6 gene homozygous deletions (HOM:DEL) were present in 59.60% of the profiled patients and were associated with poor ten years of overall patients’ survival. Moreover, patients with ADAM6 HOM:DEL showed a distinguished clinical and molecular profile with higher Central Nervous System (CNS) sites of relapse. In addition, ADAM6 HOM:DEL was significantly associated with unique microRNAs gene expression patterns.ConclusionADAM6 has the potential to be a novel biomarker for the development and progress of BCP- ALL.
    Keywords ADAM6 ; acute lymphoid leukemia ; bioinformactics analysis ; biomarkers ; pediatric leukemia ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Simulated Microgravity Influences Immunity-Related Biomarkers in Lung Cancer

    Hend Baghoum / Hend Alahmed / Mahmood Hachim / Abiola Senok / Nour Jalaleddine / Saba Al Heialy

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 1, p

    2022  Volume 155

    Abstract: Microgravity is a novel strategy that may serve as a complementary tool to develop future cancer therapies. In lung cancer, the influence of microgravity on cellular processes and the migratory capacity of cells is well addressed. However, its effect on ... ...

    Abstract Microgravity is a novel strategy that may serve as a complementary tool to develop future cancer therapies. In lung cancer, the influence of microgravity on cellular processes and the migratory capacity of cells is well addressed. However, its effect on the mechanisms that drive lung cancer progression remains in their infancy. In this study, 13 differentially expressed genes were shown to be associated with the prognosis of lung cancer under simulated microgravity (SMG). Using gene set enrichment analysis, these genes are enriched in humoral immunity pathways. In lieu, alveolar basal-epithelial (A549) cells were exposed to SMG via a 2D clinostat system in vitro. In addition to morphology change and decrease in proliferation rate, SMG reverted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of A549, a key mechanism in cancer progression. This was evidenced by increased epithelial E-cadherin expression and decreased mesenchymal N-cadherin expression, hence exhibiting a less metastatic state. Interestingly, we observed increased expression of FCGBP , BPIFB , F5 , CST1 , and CFB and their correlation to EMT under SMG, rendering them potential tumor suppressor biomarkers. Together, these findings reveal new opportunities to establish novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer treatment.
    Keywords simulated microgravity ; EMT ; lung cancer ; metastasis ; tumor suppressor ; biomarkers ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: An Inquiry-Based Distance Learning Tool for Medical Students Under Lockdown (“COVID-19 Rounds”)

    Aya Akhras / Mariam ElSaban / Varshini Tamil Selvan / Shaika Zain Alzaabi / Abiola Senok / Nabil Zary / Samuel B Ho

    JMIR Medical Education, Vol 9, p e

    Cross-Sectional Study

    2023  Volume 40264

    Abstract: BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to both clinical practice and the delivery of medical education. Educators and learners implemented novel techniques, including distance learning and web-based rounds, while trying to stay ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to both clinical practice and the delivery of medical education. Educators and learners implemented novel techniques, including distance learning and web-based rounds, while trying to stay updated with the surge of information regarding COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Hence, we designed and implemented a technologically enhanced course called “COVID-19 Rounds” to educate students about the rapidly evolving pandemic. ObjectiveThe objectives of this study are to describe a technologically enhanced course called “COVID-19 Rounds” and evaluate the following: (1) student satisfaction and program usefulness in achieving preset objectives, (2) perceived improvement in literacy regarding the pandemic, and (3) the impact of student engagement by designing infographics and initiating COVID-19–related research projects. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study measuring the impact of the implementation of the web-based “COVID-19 Rounds” course. This program included web-based clinical experiences with physicians on actual rounds in COVID-19 wards in the hospital, weekly updates on evolving data and new research, and engagement in student-led projects. The study population included 47 fourth-year medical students at the Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, who attended the course. We designed and administered a 47-item survey to assess student satisfaction, program usefulness, impact on knowledge, and student engagement. Data were collected at the end of program delivery via Microsoft Forms. ResultsIn total, 38 (81%) out of 47 fourth-year medical students participated in this study. The final course evaluation revealed an overall high satisfaction rate, with a mean rating of 3.9 (SD 0.94) on the 5-point Likert scale. Most students were satisfied with the course format (27/38, 71%), organization (31/38, 82%), and the learning experience (28/38, 74%) that the course offered. The ...
    Keywords Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher JMIR Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Lung Epithelial Cells from Obese Patients Have Impaired Control of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

    Mellissa Gaudet / Eva Kaufmann / Nour Jalaleddine / Andrea Mogas / Mahmood Hachim / Abiola Senok / Maziar Divangahi / Qutayba Hamid / Saba Al Heialy

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 6729, p

    2023  Volume 6729

    Abstract: Obesity is known to increase the complications of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the exact mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese patients have not been clearly ... ...

    Abstract Obesity is known to increase the complications of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the exact mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese patients have not been clearly elucidated. This study aims to better understand the effect of obesity on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify candidate molecular pathways involved in the progression of the disease, using an in vitro live infection model and RNA sequencing. Results from this study revealed the enhancement of viral load and replication in bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) from obese subjects at 24 h of infection (MOI = 0.5) as compared to non-obese subjects. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA-Seq highlighted the enrichment of lipid metabolism-related pathways along with LPIN2 , an inflammasome regulator, as a unique differentially expressed gene (DEG) in infected bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects. Such findings correlated with altered cytokine and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression during infection of bronchial cells. These findings provide a novel insight on the molecular interplay between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the increased SARS-CoV-2 infection of bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects and highlights the impaired immunity which may explain the increased severity among obese COVID-19 patients.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; infection ; obesity ; immune response ; ACE2 ; transcriptome profiling ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Unveiling the dynamics of antimicrobial utilization and resistance in a large hospital network over five years

    Danesh Moradigaravand / Abiola Senok / Laila Al-Dabal / Hamda Hassan Khansaheb / Maya Habous / Hanan Alsuwaidi / Alawi Alsheikh-Ali

    PLOS Digital Health, Vol 2, Iss

    Insights from health record data analysis

    2023  Volume 12

    Keywords Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: SEAHIR

    Alexandros Leontitsis / Abiola Senok / Alawi Alsheikh-Ali / Younus Al Nasser / Tom Loney / Aamena Alshamsi

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 2667, p

    A Specialized Compartmental Model for COVID-19

    2021  Volume 2667

    Abstract: The SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed) model is widely used in epidemiology to mathematically model the spread of infectious diseases with incubation periods. However, the SEIR model prototype is generic and not able to capture the unique nature ...

    Abstract The SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed) model is widely used in epidemiology to mathematically model the spread of infectious diseases with incubation periods. However, the SEIR model prototype is generic and not able to capture the unique nature of a novel viral pandemic such as SARS-CoV-2. We have developed and tested a specialized version of the SEIR model, called SEAHIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Isolated-Removed) model. This proposed model is able to capture the unique dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak including further dividing the Infected compartment into: (1) “Asymptomatic”, (2) “Isolated” and (3) “Hospitalized” to delineate the transmission specifics of each compartment and forecast healthcare requirements. The model also takes into consideration the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as physical distancing and different testing strategies on the number of confirmed cases. We used a publicly available dataset from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as a case study to optimize the main parameters of the model and benchmarked it against the historical number of cases. The SEAHIR model was used by decision-makers in Dubai’s COVID-19 Command and Control Center to make timely decisions on developing testing strategies, increasing healthcare capacity, and implementing interventions to contain the spread of the virus. The novel six-compartment SEAHIR model could be utilized by decision-makers and researchers in other countries for current or future pandemics.
    Keywords compartmental models ; COVID-19 ; Erlang distribution ; predictive modelling ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SEIR ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Emergence of highly resistant Candida auris in the United Arab Emirates

    Jens Thomsen / Najiba M. Abdulrazzaq / Abderrahim Oulhaj / Peter S. Nyasulu / Adnan Alatoom / David W. Denning / Fatima Al Dhaheri / the UAE AMR Surveillance Consortium / Godfred Antony Menezes / Carole Ayoub Moubareck / Abiola Senok / Dean B. Everett

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    a retrospective analysis of evolving national trends

    2024  Volume 11

    Abstract: IntroductionThe Centers for Disease Prevention and Control lists Candida auris, given its global emergence, multidrug resistance, high mortality, and persistent transmissions in health care settings as one of five urgent threats. As a new threat, the ... ...

    Abstract IntroductionThe Centers for Disease Prevention and Control lists Candida auris, given its global emergence, multidrug resistance, high mortality, and persistent transmissions in health care settings as one of five urgent threats. As a new threat, the need for surveillance of C. auris is critical. This is particularly important for a cosmopolitan setting and global hub such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where continued introduction and emergence of resistant variant strains is a major concern.MethodsThe United Arab Emirates has carried out a 12 years of antimicrobial resistance surveillance (2010–2021) across the country, spanning all seven Emirates. A retrospective analysis of C. auris emergence from 2018–2021 was undertaken, utilising the demographic and microbiological data collected via a unified WHONET platform for AMR surveillance.ResultsNine hundred eight non-duplicate C. auris isolates were reported from 2018–2021. An exponential upward trend of cases was found. Most isolates were isolated from urine, blood, skin and soft tissue, and the respiratory tract. UAE nationals nationals comprised 29% (n = 186 of 632) of all patients; the remainder were from 34 other nations. Almost all isolates were from inpatient settings (89.0%, n = 809). The cases show widespread distribution across all reporting sites in the country. C. auris resistance levels remained consistently high across all classes of antifungals used. C. auris in this population remains highly resistant to azoles (fluconazole, 72.6% in 2021) and amphotericin. Echinocandin resistance has now emerged and is increasing annually. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between Candida auris and Candida spp. (non-auris) patients (p-value: 0.8179), however Candida auris patients had a higher intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (p-value <0.0001) and longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001) compared to Candida spp. (non-auris) patients.ConclusionThe increasing trend of C. auris detection and associated multidrug resistant ...
    Keywords Candida auris ; surveillance ; healthcare-associated infections ; antifungals ; antimicrobial-resistance ; UAE ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Table_1_Molecular Basis of Cardiac and Vascular Injuries Associated With COVID-19.docx

    Mahmood Yaseen Hachim / Saba Al Heialy / Abiola Senok / Qutayba Hamid / Alawi Alsheikh-Ali

    2020  

    Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the pre-existing cardiac disease is associated with an increased likelihood of severe clinical course and mortality ...

    Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the pre-existing cardiac disease is associated with an increased likelihood of severe clinical course and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Besides, current evidence indicates that a significant number of patients with COVID-19 also exhibit cardiovascular involvement even in the absence of known cardiac risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms and genetic predispositions that explain cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19. Objectives:In silico analysis of publicly available datasets to decipher the molecular basis, potential pathways, and the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular injuries in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Consistent significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by endothelium and peripheral immune cells were identified in five microarray transcriptomic profiling datasets in patients with venous thromboembolism “VTE,” acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock (main cardiovascular injuries related to COVID-19) compared to healthy controls. The identified genes were further examined in the publicly available transcriptomic dataset for cell/tissue specificity in lung tissue, in different ethnicities and in SARS-CoV-2 infected vs. mock-infected lung tissues and cardiomyocytes. Results: We identified 36 DEGs in blood and endothelium known to play key roles in endothelium and vascular biology, regulation of cellular response to stress as well as endothelial cell migration. Some of these genes were upregulated significantly in SARS-CoV-2 infected lung tissues. On the other hand, some genes with cardioprotective functions were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings from the analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets identified shared core genes pertinent to cardiac and vascular-related injuries and their probable role in genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19.
    Keywords Cardiology ; Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases) ; Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology not elsewhere classified ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; cardiac and vascular injuries ; transcriptomic ; DEG (differentially expressed gene) analysis ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Publishing date 2020-11-03T04:06:09Z
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Molecular Basis of Cardiac and Vascular Injuries Associated With COVID-19

    Mahmood Yaseen Hachim / Saba Al Heialy / Abiola Senok / Qutayba Hamid / Alawi Alsheikh-Ali

    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol

    2020  Volume 7

    Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the pre-existing cardiac disease is associated with an increased likelihood of severe clinical course and mortality ...

    Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The presence of the pre-existing cardiac disease is associated with an increased likelihood of severe clinical course and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Besides, current evidence indicates that a significant number of patients with COVID-19 also exhibit cardiovascular involvement even in the absence of known cardiac risk factors. Therefore, there is a need to understand the underlying mechanisms and genetic predispositions that explain cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19.Objectives:In silico analysis of publicly available datasets to decipher the molecular basis, potential pathways, and the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular injuries in COVID-19.Materials and Methods: Consistent significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by endothelium and peripheral immune cells were identified in five microarray transcriptomic profiling datasets in patients with venous thromboembolism “VTE,” acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and/or cardiogenic shock (main cardiovascular injuries related to COVID-19) compared to healthy controls. The identified genes were further examined in the publicly available transcriptomic dataset for cell/tissue specificity in lung tissue, in different ethnicities and in SARS-CoV-2 infected vs. mock-infected lung tissues and cardiomyocytes.Results: We identified 36 DEGs in blood and endothelium known to play key roles in endothelium and vascular biology, regulation of cellular response to stress as well as endothelial cell migration. Some of these genes were upregulated significantly in SARS-CoV-2 infected lung tissues. On the other hand, some genes with cardioprotective functions were downregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected cardiomyocytes.Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings from the analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets identified shared core genes pertinent to cardiac and vascular-related injuries and their probable role in genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; cardiac and vascular injuries ; transcriptomic ; DEG (differentially expressed gene) analysis ; Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ; RC666-701 ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales in the United Arab Emirates

    Jens Thomsen / Najiba M. Abdulrazzaq / The UAE AMR Surveillance Consortium / Dean B. Everett / Godfred Antony Menezes / Abiola Senok / Carole Ayoub Moubareck

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    a retrospective analysis from 2010 to 2021

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are spreading in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where their dissemination is facilitated by international travel, trade, and tourism. The objective of this study is to describe the longitudinal ... ...

    Abstract BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are spreading in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where their dissemination is facilitated by international travel, trade, and tourism. The objective of this study is to describe the longitudinal changes of CRE as reported by the national AMR surveillance system of the UAE.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively describe CRE isolated from 317 surveillance sites, including 87 hospitals and 230 centers/clinics from 2010 to 2021. The associated clinical, demographic, and microbiological characteristics are presented by relying on the UAE national AMR surveillance program. Data was analyzed using WHONET microbiology laboratory database software (http://www.whonet.org).ResultsA total of 14,593 carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales were analyzed, of which 48.1% were carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp), 25.1% carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREc), and 26.8% represented 72 other carbapenem resistant species. Carbapenem resistant strains were mostly associated with adults and isolated from urine samples (36.9% of CRKp and 66.6% of CREc) followed by respiratory samples (26.95% for CRKp) and soft tissue samples (19.5% for CRKp). Over the studied period carbapenem resistance rates remained high, especially in K. pneumoniae, and in 2021 were equivalent to 67.6% for imipenem, 76.2% for meropenem, and 91.6% for ertapenem. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant decreasing trend for imipenem and meropenem resistance in Klebsiella species (p < 0.01) while the decrease in ertapenem resistance was non-significant. Concerning E. coli, there was a statistically significant decreasing trend for meropenem and imipenem resistance over the 12 years, while ertapenem resistance increased significantly with 83.8% of E. coli exhibiting ertapenem resistance in 2021. Resistance rates to ceftazidime and cefotaxime remained higher than 90% (in 2021) for CRKp and cefotaxime rates increased to 90.5% in 2021 for CREc. Starting 2014, resistance to colistin and ...
    Keywords carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales ; surveillance ; Enterobacterales ; healthcare associated infections ; antibiotics ; antimicrobial resistance ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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