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  1. Article ; Online: Is Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes Enough?

    Abrams, David B / Notley, Caitlin

    JAMA network open

    2020  Volume 3, Issue 10, Page(s) e2019367

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nicotine/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Smokers ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tobacco Products
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19367
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  2. Article ; Online: Potential and pitfalls of e-cigarettes--reply.

    Abrams, David B

    JAMA

    2014  Volume 311, Issue 18, Page(s) 1922–1923

    MeSH term(s) Electronics ; Harm Reduction ; Humans ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Social Control, Formal ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2014.2999
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  3. Article ; Online: Promise and peril of e-cigarettes: can disruptive technology make cigarettes obsolete?

    Abrams, David B

    JAMA

    2014  Volume 311, Issue 2, Page(s) 135–136

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Electronics ; Government Regulation ; Harm Reduction ; Humans ; Public Health ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Social Control, Formal ; State Government ; Technology/trends ; Tobacco Industry ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects ; United States/epidemiology ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2013.285347
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  4. Article ; Online: Obsolete tobacco control themes can be hazardous to public health: the need for updating views on absolute product risks and harm reduction.

    Kozlowski, Lynn T / Abrams, David B

    BMC public health

    2016  Volume 16, Page(s) 432

    Abstract: Background: Leading themes have guided tobacco control efforts, and these themes have changed over the decades. When questions arose about health risks of tobacco, they focused on two key themes: 1) how bad is the problem (i.e., absolute risk) and 2) ... ...

    Abstract Background: Leading themes have guided tobacco control efforts, and these themes have changed over the decades. When questions arose about health risks of tobacco, they focused on two key themes: 1) how bad is the problem (i.e., absolute risk) and 2) what can be done to reduce the risk without cessation (i.e., prospects for harm reduction). Using the United States since 1964 as an example, we outline the leading themes that have arisen in response to these two questions. Initially, there was the recognition that "cigarettes are hazardous to health" and an acceptance of safer alternative tobacco products (cigars, pipes, light/lower-tar cigarettes). In the 1980s there was the creation of the seminal theme that "Cigarettes are lethal when used as intended and kill more people than heroin, cocaine, alcohol, AIDS, fires, homicide, suicide, and automobile crashes combined." By around 2000, support for a less-dangerous light/lower tar cigarette was gone, and harm reduction claims were avoided for products like cigars and even for smokeless tobacco which were summarized as "unsafe" or "not a safe alternative to cigarettes."
    Discussion: The Surgeon General in 2014 concluded that by far the greatest danger to public health was from cigarettes and other combusted products. At the same time the evidence base for smokeless tobacco and alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS) had grown. Product innovation and tobacco/nicotine bio-behavioral, epidemiological and public health sciences demonstrate that low nitrosamine smokeless tobacco (e.g., Swedish snus), and ANDS have substantially lower harms than cigarettes. Going forward, it is important to sharpen themes and key messages of tobacco control, while continuing to emphasize the extreme lethality of the inhaled smoke from cigarettes or from use of any combusting tobacco product. Implications of updating the leading themes for regulation, policymaking and advocacy in tobacco control are proposed as an important next step. A new reframing can align action plans to more powerfully and rapidly achieve population-level benefit and minimize harm to eliminate in our lifetime the use of the most deadly combustible tobacco products and thus prevent the premature deaths of 1 billion people projected to occur worldwide by 2100.
    MeSH term(s) Advertising as Topic ; Harm Reduction ; Humans ; Policy Making ; Public Health ; Risk ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Smoking Cessation/methods ; Smoking Prevention ; Tobacco Industry ; Tobacco Use Cessation Products ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2458
    ISSN (online) 1471-2458
    DOI 10.1186/s12889-016-3079-9
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  5. Article ; Online: Topical Ocular Anti-TNFα Agent Licaminlimab in the Treatment of Acute Anterior Uveitis: A Randomized Phase II Pilot Study.

    Pasquali, Theodore A / Toyos, Melissa M / Abrams, David B / Scales, David K / Seaman, John W / Weissgerber, Georges

    Translational vision science & technology

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: Purpose: Licaminlimab is a new anti-TNFα antibody fragment for topical ocular application. This phase II study assessed the tolerability, treatment effect, and pharmacokinetics of licaminlimab in acute anterior uveitis (AAU).: Methods: In this ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Licaminlimab is a new anti-TNFα antibody fragment for topical ocular application. This phase II study assessed the tolerability, treatment effect, and pharmacokinetics of licaminlimab in acute anterior uveitis (AAU).
    Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-masked study, 43 adult patients with non-infectious AAU and Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) anterior chamber (AC) cell score of 2+ or 3+ were randomized (3:1 ratio) to licaminlimab (60 mg/mL, 8 drops/day for 15 days, 4 drops/day for 7 days, then matching vehicle for 7 days) or dexamethasone eye drops (8 drops/day for 15 days, tapering to 1 drop/day over 14 days). The primary efficacy end point was clinical response (≥2-step decrease in AC cell grade at day 15). A treatment effect was considered as established if the lower limit of the 95% posterior interval of the responder rate was >30%. Serum levels of licaminlimab were determined.
    Results: The day 15 response rate for licaminlimab was 56%; the lower bound of the 95% credible interval was 40% (i.e. >30%), demonstrating a treatment effect according to prespecified criteria. By day 4, 36% of licaminlimab-treated patients were responders; 76% had an AC cell grade of 0 on ≥1 post-treatment visit. The day 15 dexamethasone response rate was 90% (no inferential between-arm comparison was planned). Both treatments were well-tolerated. Intraocular pressure increased from baseline with dexamethasone but not licaminlimab. Licaminlimab was undetectable in serum in most patients.
    Conclusions: Licaminlimab is the first biologic demonstrated to have a treatment effect on an intraocular condition with topical ocular application. The trial met its primary objective and the observed responder rate for licaminlimab was 56.0%. Ocular administration of licaminlimab was well-tolerated in adult subjects with AAU for up to 35 days.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Adult ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Uveitis, Anterior/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Glucocorticoids ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2674602-5
    ISSN 2164-2591 ; 2164-2591
    ISSN (online) 2164-2591
    ISSN 2164-2591
    DOI 10.1167/tvst.11.6.14
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  6. Article: The importance of science-informed policy and what the data really tell us about e-cigarettes.

    Abrams, David B / Niaura, Raymond

    Israel journal of health policy research

    2015  Volume 4, Page(s) 22

    Abstract: A possible future end-game for cigarettes is explored in the context of the historical progress made to date by tobacco control. Despite good progress, there remains an urgent need to increase the use of proven tobacco control policies and practices for ... ...

    Abstract A possible future end-game for cigarettes is explored in the context of the historical progress made to date by tobacco control. Despite good progress, there remains an urgent need to increase the use of proven tobacco control policies and practices for prevention and cessation. The problem is worse than previously thought and the 50(th) anniversary United States Surgeon General's report indicates the overwhelming majority of avoidable deaths are caused by combusting of tobacco, primarily cigarettes. The report highlights for the first time the addition of a harm minimization strategy to enhance proven tobacco control efforts and thus much more rapidly speed the obsolescence of cigarettes. Harm minimization can be two pronged. First, it can boost proven tobacco control polices to make cigarettes more expensive and less appealing and accessible to maximize the fact that cigarettes are orders of magnitude the most harmful of all tobacco delivery systems. Second, harm minimization can support use of substantially less harmful but appealing alternatives to substitute for lethal cigarettes for those users who are unable or unwilling to quit smoking. A future end-game might prudently manage emerging new products like e-cigarettes to help boost the difference in harm between them and lethal cigarettes. Harm minimization could help to accelerate the end of the century-long dominance of the cigarette in what has been called "the golden holocaust". Rather than these emerging delivery devices being used to replace lethal cigarettes in what might be termed a David versus Goliath strategy to disrupt the status quo, there is also legitimate concern that these new products could undermine historically successful tobacco control efforts, especially youth prevention, if allowed free reign. What can the data really tell us about the potential for e-cigarettes to be helpful or harmful? The emerging but limited scientific evidence and the inherent methodological constraints in study designs, points to the need for caution in prematurely interpreting results in a manner that could mislead policymakers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2657655-7
    ISSN 2045-4015
    ISSN 2045-4015
    DOI 10.1186/s13584-015-0021-z
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  7. Article: National Enforcement of the FSPTCA at Point-of-Sale.

    Kirchner, Thomas R / Villanti, Andrea C / Tacelosky, Michael / Anesetti-Rothermel, Andrew / Gao, Hong / Pearson, Jennifer / Ganz, Ollie / Cantrell, Jennifer / Vallone, Donna M / Abrams, David B

    Tobacco regulatory science

    2023  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–35

    Abstract: Objective: To describe patterns in the enforcement of the US Food and Drug Administration's current compliance check program.: Methods: Data on retail violation rates (RVR) resulting from compliance checks were analyzed. Novel methods were developed ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To describe patterns in the enforcement of the US Food and Drug Administration's current compliance check program.
    Methods: Data on retail violation rates (RVR) resulting from compliance checks were analyzed. Novel methods were developed to quantify violations and unify data on retail location and violation type.
    Results: As of July 2013, 42 states and 3 US territories conducted compliance checks. Ninety-six percent of warning letters and 100% of Civil Monetary Penalties addressed sales to minors. RVRs varied significantly over time (OR = 1.15) and between states (ICC = 0.18).
    Conclusions: The compliance checks database makes it possible to examine how retail enforcement is unfolding over time and place. Results reveal an emphasis on youth access violations, presenting opportunities for research on regulations designed to reduce youth access.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2333-9748
    ISSN 2333-9748
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  8. Article ; Online: Youth Vaping and Tobacco Use in Context in the United States: Results From the 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

    Glasser, Allison M / Johnson, Amanda L / Niaura, Raymond S / Abrams, David B / Pearson, Jennifer L

    Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

    2020  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 447–453

    Abstract: Introduction: According to the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), youth e-cigarette use (vaping) rose between 2017 and 2018. Frequency of vaping and concurrent past 30-day (p30d) use of e-cigarettes and tobacco products have not been reported.: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: According to the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), youth e-cigarette use (vaping) rose between 2017 and 2018. Frequency of vaping and concurrent past 30-day (p30d) use of e-cigarettes and tobacco products have not been reported.
    Methods: We analyzed the 2018 NYTS (N = 20 189) for vaping among all students (middle and high school; 6-12th grades; 9-19 years old) by frequency of vaping, exclusive vaping, p30d poly-product use (vaping and use of one or more tobacco product), and any past tobacco product use.
    Results: In 2018, 81.4% of students had not used any tobacco or vapor product in the p30d, and 86.2% had not vaped in the p30d. Among all students, of the 13.8% vaped in the p30d, just over half vaped on ≤5 days (7.0%), and roughly a quarter each vaped on 6-19 days (3.2%) and on 20+ days (3.6%). Almost three quarters of p30d vapers (9.9%) reported past or concurrent tobacco use and the remainder (3.9%) were tobacco naïve. 2.8% of students were tobacco naïve and vaped on ≤5 days; 0.7% were tobacco-naïve and vaped on 6-19 days, and 0.4% were tobacco-naïve and vaped on 20+ days.
    Conclusions: Vaping increased among US youth in 2018 over 2017. The increases are characterized by patterns of low p30d vaping frequency and high poly-product use, and a low prevalence of vaping among more frequent but tobacco naïve vapers.
    Implications: Results underscore the importance of including the full context of use patterns. The majority of vapers (60.0%-88.9% by use frequency) were concurrent p30d or ever tobacco users. About 4% of students were tobacco naïve and vaped in the p30d, but few (0.4%) vaped regularly on 20 or more days. Reporting youth vaping data with frequency and tobacco product co-use will give public health decision-makers the best possible information to protect public health.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schools/statistics & numerical data ; Students/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Tobacco Use/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaping/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1452315-2
    ISSN 1469-994X ; 1462-2203
    ISSN (online) 1469-994X
    ISSN 1462-2203
    DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntaa010
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  9. Article ; Online: The FDA, e-cigarettes, and the demise of combusted tobacco.

    Cobb, Nathan K / Abrams, David B

    The New England journal of medicine

    2014  Volume 371, Issue 16, Page(s) 1469–1471

    MeSH term(s) Electricity ; Government Regulation ; Nicotine/administration & dosage ; Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nicotiana ; Tobacco Products ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMp1408448
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  10. Article ; Online: Public misperception that very low nicotine cigarettes are less carcinogenic.

    Byron, M Justin / Jeong, Michelle / Abrams, David B / Brewer, Noel T

    Tobacco control

    2018  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 712–714

    Abstract: Objective: The USA is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarette standard. We sought to characterise the prevalence and correlates of the incorrect belief that VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic than current cigarettes, as this could ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The USA is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarette standard. We sought to characterise the prevalence and correlates of the incorrect belief that VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic than current cigarettes, as this could reduce motivation to quit.
    Methods: Participants were a nationally representative sample of 650 adult smokers in the USA. In 2015-2016, before the VLNC proposal became public, these smokers took part in an online survey. We used multivariate weighted analyses to calculate ORs and percentages and a χ
    Results: Overall, 47.1% of smokers believed that smoking VLNC cigarettes for 30 years would be less likely to cause cancer than smoking current cigarettes. This misperception was more common among smokers who were aged above 55 (56.6%) and black (57.4%). Additionally, 23.9% of smokers reported they would be less likely to quit if the USA adopted a VLNC standard. Thinking that VLNC cigarettes would be less carcinogenic was associated with smokers reporting they would be less likely to quit (P<0.01).
    Conclusions: Many smokers had the misperception that smoking VLNC cigarettes is less likely to cause cancer, and some stated that they would be less likely to quit. A VLNC standard may be more effective if accompanied by a communication campaign that emphasises the continued dangers of smoking VLNC cigarettes due to the many toxic chemicals in smoke.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nicotine/adverse effects ; Smokers/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data ; Tobacco Products/adverse effects ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1146554-2
    ISSN 1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
    ISSN (online) 1468-3318
    ISSN 0964-4563
    DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054124
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