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  1. Article ; Online: Green inspired synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Silybum marianum (milk thistle) extract and evaluation of their potential pesticidal and phytopathogens activities

    Nazish Jahan / Kousar Rasheed / Khalil-Ur- Rahman / Abu Hazafa / Amna Saleem / Saud Alamri / Muhammad Omer Iqbal / Md Atikur Rahman

    PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

    2023  Volume 15743

    Abstract: Background The green approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles are gaining significant importance because of their high productivity, purity, low cost, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Methods The aim of the current study is the ... ...

    Abstract Background The green approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles are gaining significant importance because of their high productivity, purity, low cost, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Methods The aim of the current study is the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using seed extracts of Silybum marianum, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) optimized synthesis parameters (temperature, pH, reaction time, plant extract, and salt concentration) for controlled size, stability, and maximum yields of ZnO-NPs. Green synthesized ZnO-NPs was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and Zetasizer analyses. Results The Zetasizer confirmed that green synthesized ZnO-NPs were 51.80 nm in size and monodispersed in nature. The UV-visible results revealed a large band gap energy in the visible region at 360.5 nm wavelength. The bioactivities of green synthesized ZnO-NPs, including antifungal, antibacterial, and pesticidal, were also evaluated. Data analysis confirmed that these activities were concentration dependent. Bio-synthesized ZnO-NPs showed higher mortality towards Tribolium castaneum of about 78 ± 0.57% after 72 h observation as compared to Sitophilus oryzae, which only displayed 74 ± 0.57% at the same concentration and time intervals. Plant-mediated ZnO-NPs also showed high potential against pathogenic gram-positive bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis), gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae), and two fungal strains such as Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillums niger with inhibition zones of 18 ± 0.4, 25 ± 0.4, 21 ± 0.57, and 19 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study showed that Silybum marianum-based ZnO-NPs are cost-effective and efficient against crop pests.
    Keywords ZnO nanoparticles ; Green synthesis ; Response surface methodology ; Zetasizer ; Silybum marianum ; Nanobiopesticides ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The Health Impacts of Fasting During Ramadan

    Abu Hazafa / Khalil Rehman / Zara Jabeen

    Journal of Fasting and Health, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 116-

    2019  Volume 120

    Abstract: Ramadan is the Holy month of fasting that is obligatory for all normal Muslims who reached at their puberty. Two meals are taken during Ramadan, one is taken before down to prepare themselves for fast is called “Sahur”, and second meal is taken at sunset ...

    Abstract Ramadan is the Holy month of fasting that is obligatory for all normal Muslims who reached at their puberty. Two meals are taken during Ramadan, one is taken before down to prepare themselves for fast is called “Sahur”, and second meal is taken at sunset is called “Iftar”. Fasting is not only a ritual and religious obligation while it has several medicinal significances specially against diet dependent diseases. Fasting significantly helped in the reduction of peptic and duodenal ulcers with the combination of H 2 -blocker drug, help in the improvement of lipid profile specially in TC and HDL and LDL levels that cause heart failure. During fasting the systolic and diastolic blood pressure improve at greater rate as compare to drugs like Indapamide and Perindopril, a strong evidence revealed that ischemic stroke and cancer can also be improved by intermitted fasting through multiple pathways and factors like BDNF, bFGF, GRP78, Hsp70, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), and ketosis respectively The aim of this paper is to systematically review the published literature regarding the effect of Ramadan on the above mentioned diseases.
    Keywords Ramadan ; fasting ; Iftar ; Ischemic stroke ; ketosis ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Green synthesis and evaluation of calcium-based nanocomposites fertilizers

    Obaid Khan / Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi / Ghulam Abbas Shah / Abu Hazafa / Zaib Jahan / Maqsood Sadiq / Farooq Sher

    Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 8, Pp 519-

    A way forward to sustainable agricultural

    2021  Volume 529

    Abstract: Only 47% nitrogen of fertilizer is taken up by a plant whereas more than 40% nitrogen of total applied fertilizer is lost to environment that causes several environmental as well as economic consequences. Slow-release fertilizers are considered as a ... ...

    Abstract Only 47% nitrogen of fertilizer is taken up by a plant whereas more than 40% nitrogen of total applied fertilizer is lost to environment that causes several environmental as well as economic consequences. Slow-release fertilizers are considered as a possible large-scale solution for nitrogen loss. The present study aims to stabilize urea by coating with four different materials including calcium phosphate (CP), gypsum powder (GP), calcium nitrate (CN), and gelatin (G) individually and in combination for slow release of nitrogen to sorghum crop. The physical and chemical characteristics of coated urea were examined by FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, and rushing strength. Results showed that coating of CP, GP, and CN over urea was uneven and rough while G coating was smooth and admirable, and no pore was observed on the surface and indicated a weak water-urea interaction. Similarly, CPG coating over urea showed a maximum crushing strength of 2.38 N/m2. Slow-release and soil leaching analysis revealed that G coated urea showed the maximum 39.12 and 779.36 ppm nutrient loss after 15- and 480-min treatment, respectively which is much better than uncoated urea (99.81 and 993.65 ppm). Results reported that the maximum plant height, diameter, and chlorophyll were observed as 132.91 ± 1.52 cm, 24.56 ± 1.00 mm, and 56.30 ± 1.03 mg/m2 with CNG coated urea. Similarly, CNG also revealed the maximum dry matter yield (DMY) of 25226.15 kg/ha in shoots and 2633.50 kg/ha in roots, nitrogen uptake (NU) of 18153.75 kg/ha in shoots and 233.99 kg/ha in roots, and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) of 71.14% in shoots and 4.55% in roots. It is concluded that CNG coated urea showed better DMY, NU, ANR, and pot analysis, and it is recommended as a slow-release fertilizer for large scale application to minimize nutrient loss and maximize crop production.
    Keywords Slow-release fertilizer ; Coating material ; Urea ; Sorghum ; Crop production and Nitrogen ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A Review of Twenty Years of Research on the Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Natural Products in Breast Cancer

    Muhammad Naeem / Muhammad Omer Iqbal / Humaira Khan / Muhammad Masood Ahmed / Muhammad Farooq / Muhammad Moeen Aadil / Mohamad Ikhwan Jamaludin / Abu Hazafa / Wan-Chi Tsai

    Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 3412, p

    2022  Volume 3412

    Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women, and it has become a global health issue due to the increasing number of cases. Different treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and anti-estrogen therapy, ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women, and it has become a global health issue due to the increasing number of cases. Different treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and anti-estrogen therapy, aromatase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, and anthracyclines, are available for BC treatment. However, due to its high occurrence and disease progression, effective therapeutic options for metastatic BC are still lacking. Considering this scenario, there is an urgent need for an effective therapeutic strategy to meet the current challenges of BC. Natural products have been screened as anticancer agents as they are cost-effective, possess low toxicity and fewer side effects, and are considered alternative therapeutic options for BC therapy. Natural products showed anticancer activities against BC through the inhibition of angiogenesis, cell migrations, proliferations, and tumor growth; cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptosis and cell death, the downstream regulation of signaling pathways (such as Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and NFAT-MDM2), and the regulation of EMT processes. Natural products also acted synergistically to overcome the drug resistance issue, thus improving their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic option for BC therapy. This review focused on the emerging roles of novel natural products and derived bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents against BC. The present review also discussed the mechanism of action through signaling pathways and the synergistic approach of natural compounds to improve their efficacy. We discussed the recent in vivo and in vitro studies for exploring the overexpression of oncogenes in the case of BC and the current status of newly discovered natural products in clinical investigations.
    Keywords breast cancer ; natural products ; transcription factors ; signaling pathways ; treatment ; therapeutic agents ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Fungal Proteases as Emerging Biocatalysts to Meet the Current Challenges and Recent Developments in Biomedical Therapies

    Muhammad Naeem / Saba Manzoor / Mashhud-Ul-Hasan Abid / Muhammad Burhan Khan Tareen / Mirza Asad / Sajida Mushtaq / Nazia Ehsan / Dua Amna / Baojun Xu / Abu Hazafa

    Journal of Fungi, Vol 8, Iss 109, p

    An Updated Review

    2022  Volume 109

    Abstract: With the increasing world population, demand for industrialization has also increased to fulfill humans’ living standards. Fungi are considered a source of essential constituents to produce the biocatalytic enzymes, including amylases, proteases, lipases, ...

    Abstract With the increasing world population, demand for industrialization has also increased to fulfill humans’ living standards. Fungi are considered a source of essential constituents to produce the biocatalytic enzymes, including amylases, proteases, lipases, and cellulases that contain broad-spectrum industrial and emerging applications. The present review discussed the origin, nature, mechanism of action, emerging aspects of genetic engineering for designing novel proteases, genome editing of fungal strains through CRISPR technology, present challenges and future recommendations of fungal proteases. The emerging evidence revealed that fungal proteases show a protective role to many environmental exposures and discovered that an imbalance of protease inhibitors and proteases in the epithelial barriers leads to the protection of chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Moreover, mitoproteases recently were found to execute intense proteolytic processes that are crucial for mitochondrial integrity and homeostasis function, including mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. The emerging evidence revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 technology had been successfully developed in various filamentous fungi and higher fungi for editing of specific genes. In addition to medical importance, fungal proteases are extensively used in different industries such as foods to prepare butter, fruits, juices, and cheese, and to increase their shelf life. It is concluded that hydrolysis of proteins in industries is one of the most significant applications of fungal enzymes that led to massive usage of proteomics.
    Keywords fungal enzymes ; proteases ; catalytical properties ; recent developments ; genetic engineering ; mitoproteases ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Comparative Study of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.)

    Ammara Arshad / Hira Iqbal / Ayesha Siddiqa / Taha Zulfiqar / Muhammad B. K. Tareen / Dua Amna / Muhammad Shakir / Abu Hazafa / Muhammad Naeem / José M. Lorenzo / Rubén Domínguez

    Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 11844, p

    Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Polyphenol Content, Mineral and Antioxidant Activities

    2021  Volume 11844

    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to differentiate and compare the proximate composition, minerals, flesh colour, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activities of varieties of white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and potato (WFP) locally grown in ... ...

    Abstract The objective of the present study was to differentiate and compare the proximate composition, minerals, flesh colour, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activities of varieties of white-fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) and potato (WFP) locally grown in Pakistan. The results showed that WFP presented higher moisture and crude fat content, while WFSP offered better ash, crude protein, and crude fibre contents. Colour analysis revealed that WFSP and WFP showed the highest L* (lightness) values and exhibited the maximum total phenolic content and total flavonoids content of 9.27 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g and 19.01 ± 0.66 mg QE/g. In vitro , results demonstrated that WFSP possessed better antioxidant activity with the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power of 58.67 ± 0.22 mM Fe 2+ /g and DPPH scavenging activity of 39.12 ± 0.33% compared to WFP. It is concluded that WFSP possesses a better proximate and mineral profile followed by higher antioxidant activity.
    Keywords white-fleshed sweet potato ; white-fleshed potato ; proximate composition ; antioxidant ; DPPH ; phenolic composition ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: The broad-spectrum antiviral recommendations for drug discovery against COVID-19

    Abu Hazafa (8983769) / Khalil ur-Rahman (8983772) / Ikram-ul- Haq (8983775) / Nazish Jahan (8983778) / Muhammad Mumtaz (1729348) / Muhammad Farman (1685404) / Huma Naeem (8983781) / Faheem Abbas (8983784) / Muhammad Naeem (302828) / Sania Sadiqa (8983787) / Saira Bano (2623084)

    2020  

    Abstract: Despite to outbreaks of highly pathogenic beta and alpha coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus, the newly emerged 2019 coronavirus ( ...

    Abstract Despite to outbreaks of highly pathogenic beta and alpha coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and human coronavirus, the newly emerged 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as a lethal zoonotic virus due to its deadly respiratory syndrome and high mortality rate among the human. Globally, more than 3,517,345 cases have been confirmed with 243,401 deaths due to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19. The antiviral drug discovery activity is required to control the persistence of COVID-19 circulation and the potential of the future emergence of coronavirus. However, the present review aims to highlight the important antiviral approaches, including interferons, ribavirin, mycophenolic acids, ritonavir, lopinavir, inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to provoke the nonstructural proteins and deactivate the structural and essential host elements of the virus to control and treat the infection of COVID-19 by inhibiting the viral entry, viral RNA replication and suppressing the viral protein expression. Moreover, the present review investigates the epidemiology, diagnosis, structure, and replication of COVID-19 for better understanding. It is recommended that these proteases, inhibitors, and antibodies could be a good therapeutic option in drug discovery to control the newly emerged coronavirus.Highlights COVID-19 has more than 79.5% identical sequence to SARS-CoV and a 96% identical sequence of the whole genome of bat coronaviruses. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, and septic shock are the possible clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19. Different antivirals, including interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be the potent therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The initial clinical trials on hydroquinone in combination with azithromycin showed an admirable result in the reduction of COVID-19. The overexpression of inflammation response, cytokine dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis could be an well-organized factors to reduce the pathogenicity of COVID-19. COVID-19 has more than 79.5% identical sequence to SARS-CoV and a 96% identical sequence of the whole genome of bat coronaviruses. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal failure, and septic shock are the possible clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19. Different antivirals, including interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be the potent therapeutic agents against COVID-19. The initial clinical trials on hydroquinone in combination with azithromycin showed an admirable result in the reduction of COVID-19. The overexpression of inflammation response, cytokine dysregulation, and induction of apoptosis could be an well-organized factors to reduce the pathogenicity of COVID-19.
    Keywords Biochemistry ; Medicine ; Microbiology ; Genetics ; Biotechnology ; Immunology ; Cancer ; Infectious Diseases ; Virology ; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified ; COVID-19 ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; spike protein ; interferons ; treatment ; chloroquine ; Favipiravir ; nucleocapsid protein ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Publishing date 2020-06-17T07:58:37Z
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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