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Article ; Online: Response surface methodology optimization of the effect of pH, contact time, and microbial concentration on chemical oxygen removal potential of vegetable oil industrial effluents.

Onadeji, Abiodun / Sani, Badruddeen Saulawa / Abubakar, Umar Alfa

Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation

2024 Volume 96, Issue 1, Page(s) e10963

Abstract: The vegetable oil refinery industry generates highly polluted effluents during oil production, necessitating proper treatment before discharge to prevent environmental hazards. Treating such wastewater has become a major environmental concern in ... ...

Abstract	The vegetable oil refinery industry generates highly polluted effluents during oil production, necessitating proper treatment before discharge to prevent environmental hazards. Treating such wastewater has become a major environmental concern in developing countries. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a key parameter in assessing the wastewater's organic pollutant load. High COD levels can lead to reduced dissolved oxygen in water bodies, negatively affecting aquatic life. Various technologies have been employed to treat oily wastewater, but microbial degradation has gained attention due to its potential to remove organic pollutants efficiently. This study aims to optimize the biodegradation treatment process for vegetable oil industrial effluent using response surface methodology (RSM). The wastewater's physicochemical properties were characterized to achieve this, and COD removal was analyzed. Furthermore, RSM was used to investigate the combined effects of pH, contact duration, and microbial concentration on COD removal efficiency. The result showed that the microbial strain used recorded a maximum COD removal of 92%. Furthermore, a quadratic model was developed to predict COD removal based on the experimental variables. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, the model was found to be significant at p < 0.0004 and accurately predicted COD removal rates within the experimental region, with an R
MeSH term(s)	Plant Oils ; Wastewater ; Environmental Pollutants ; Oxygen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Chemical Substances	Plant Oils ; Wastewater ; Environmental Pollutants ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1098976-6
ISSN	1554-7531 ; 1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
ISSN (online)	1554-7531
ISSN	1047-7624 ; 1061-4303
DOI	10.1002/wer.10963
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of traditional and machine learning approaches for modeling volatile fatty acid concentrations in anaerobic digestion of sludge: potential and challenges.

Abubakar, Umar Alfa / Lemar, Gul Sanga / Bello, Al-Amin Danladi / Ishaq, Aliyu / Dandajeh, Aliyu Adamu / Jagun, Zainab Toyin / Houmsi, Mohamad Rajab

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024

Abstract: This study evaluates models for predicting volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in sludge processing, ranging from classical statistical methods (Gaussian and Surge) to diverse machine learning algorithms (MLAs) such as Decision Tree, XGBoost, ... ...

Abstract	This study evaluates models for predicting volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in sludge processing, ranging from classical statistical methods (Gaussian and Surge) to diverse machine learning algorithms (MLAs) such as Decision Tree, XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, Multiple linear regression (MLR), Support vector regression (SVR), AdaBoost, and GradientBoosting. Anaerobic bio-methane potential tests were carried out using domestic wastewater treatment primary and secondary sludge. The tests were monitored over 40 days for variations in pH and VFA concentrations under different experimental conditions. The data observed was compared to predictions from the Gaussian and Surge models, and the MLAs. Based on correlation analysis using basic statistics and regression, the Gaussian model appears to be a consistent performer, with high R
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-33281-2
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Article: Imperatives of Mathematical Model of Arterial Blood Dynamics for Interpretation of Doppler Velocimetry: A Narrative Review.

Abubakar, Umar / Ugwu, Anthony Chukwuka / Mbah, Godwin Christopher Ezike / Tivde, Tertsegha / Sidi, Mohammed / Luntsi, Geofery / Ochie, Kalu / Ali, Alhaji Modu / Mohammed, Anas

Journal of medical ultrasound

2023 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 188–194

Abstract: Clinicians frequently study arterial Doppler velocimetric waveforms depicted by Doppler sonography of the kidneys, the heart, the brain, and the feto-maternal circulation to assess the well-being of the aforementioned vital organs. The waveform ... ...

Abstract	Clinicians frequently study arterial Doppler velocimetric waveforms depicted by Doppler sonography of the kidneys, the heart, the brain, and the feto-maternal circulation to assess the well-being of the aforementioned vital organs. The waveform interpretation of the Doppler indices can be studied using a mathematical model. The developed models serve as teaching tools and for easy comprehension of the regulatory mechanism of the organs. It will also obtain accurate wall shear stress (WSS) and likely atherosclerotic sites can be predicted early. The aim of this review is to reveal the imperatives of mathematical models in the study of the physical interpretation of Doppler velocimetry. The models will explore sonographic Doppler velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in determining the segments of the arteries that are prone to the development of atheromatous plaque. It will be achieved by comparing and computing the measurement differences of the WSS. A thorough literature review was carried out between 1971 and 2021 on the mathematical modeling of blood dynamics and Doppler velocimetry of different blood vessels, across various electronic databases including NC AHEC Digital Library, PUBMED, ERIC, MEDLINE, Free Medical Journals, and EMBASE. The results of the literature search were presented using the PRISMA flow chat. The narrative review of the mathematical models of arterial blood dynamics is based on incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, the Windkessel model, and CFD. It was deduced that the blood flow velocity decreased with time across the varying frequency from 0.2Hz to 0.50Hz in the interlobar arterial channels. The review also revealed that adult humans' Doppler indices of the renal-interlobar artery agree with developed models of renal interlobar arterial blood dynamics. The mathematical model measurements of the great vessels matched the sonographic Doppler velocimetry with <15% variation. In our fast-paced world of epidemiological transition, the imperatives of mathematical modeling of arterial flow dynamics based on the Navier-Stokes equations to represent various physiologic and pathologic situations cannot be overstated. The practical consequences include the possibility of mathematical models to acquire precise WSS distribution and early detection of potential atherosclerotic sites during cardiovascular Doppler sonography.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-23
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	0929-6441
ISSN	0929-6441
DOI	10.4103/jmu.jmu_8_23
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Article ; Online: Embryonic Development and Comparative Anatomy of the Mandible

Shaibu Mohammed Atabo / Abubakar Abubakar Umar / Sani Abdullahi Shehu / Adamu Abdul Abubakar

SciMedicine Journal, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 16-

2021 Volume 22

Abstract: Objective: This study was designed to determine the ossification time and pattern of the mandible. Methodology: Three hundred and fifty (350) wasted fetuses consisting of 70 Balami, 140 each of Uda and Yankasa breeds whose crown vertebral rump length ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study was designed to determine the ossification time and pattern of the mandible. Methodology: Three hundred and fifty (350) wasted fetuses consisting of 70 Balami, 140 each of Uda and Yankasa breeds whose crown vertebral rump length ranged from 3.0-15 cm were used. The fetuses were processed using the Alizarin technique and the mandible was dissected from the head for stereography. Result: The result revealed that the first part of the mandible to develop was the body and mental foramina at the 42nd–44th days of gestation while the coronoid process, rami, and condyloid process develop later at different time points. In addition, the mandibular foramina remained undeveloped in all age groups. Interestingly, the mandibular canal began ossification earlier in the Yankasa breed compared to other breeds. It was shown to arise from a cartilaginous tissue at the medial and lateral surfaces of the body and dorsally remained opened and undifferentiated from the teeth alveoli of the lower jaws in the 7 age groups. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that the mandible arises from three ossification centres at the body, rami, and coronoid process. These segments develop at different time intervals in the three breeds of sheep with Yankasa mandible ossifying and progressing faster than in Balami and Uda. Doi:10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0301-3 Full Text: PDF
Keywords	ossification centre ; mandible ; foramen ; balami ; uda ; yankasa ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ital Publication
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development of the Sutures, Infraorbital, and Supraorbital Foramina of the Skull in Nigerian Balami, Uda, and Yankasa Breeds of Sheep

Shaibu Mohammed ATABO / Abubakar Abubakar UMAR / Sani Abdullahi UMAR / Adamu Abdul ABUBAKAR

Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, Vol 47, Iss 2, Pp 98-

2021 Volume 107

Keywords	Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AVES
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The influence of various chemical oxygen demands on microbial fuel cells performance using leachate as a substrate.

Ishaq, Aliyu / Said, Mohd Ismid Mohd / Azman, Shamila Binti / Houmsi, Mohammed Rajab / Isah, Abubakar Sadiq / Jagun, Zainab Toyin / Mohammad, Shamsuddeen Jumande / Bello, Al Amin Danladi / Abubakar, Umar Alfa

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024

Abstract: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), hailed as a promising technology, hold the potential to combat various wastewater pollutants while simultaneously converting their chemical energy into electricity through biocatalysts. This study explores the applicability ... ...

Abstract	Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), hailed as a promising technology, hold the potential to combat various wastewater pollutants while simultaneously converting their chemical energy into electricity through biocatalysts. This study explores the applicability of a dual compartment MFC (DC-MFC) under varying conditions, targeting the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate and electricity generation. In this setup, anaerobic sludge from a wastewater treatment plant serves as the inoculum in the anode compartment of the MFC, with a Nafion117 membrane acting as the separator between MFC units. The cathode compartments are filled with distilled water and continually aerated for 24 h to enhance air supply. The study assesses the MFC's performance across different COD concentrations, focusing on COD removal, power generation, and Coulombic efficiency. The findings reveal that COD removal efficiency is notably enhanced at higher concentrations of organic matter. Specifically, at a COD concentration of 3325.0 mg L
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-32090-x
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Article ; Online: Total and Bioavailable Pb Content in Urban Paddy Rice Soils in Niger State, Nigeria

Yahaya A. Iyaka / Abubakar Umar

International Journal of Chemistry, Vol 7, Iss

2015 Volume 1

Abstract: The total and plant available Pb content of forty composite soil samples from eight cultivated rice paddy soils from Niger State were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique, after their digestion with aqua regia and extraction ... ...

Abstract	The total and plant available Pb content of forty composite soil samples from eight cultivated rice paddy soils from Niger State were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique, after their digestion with aqua regia and extraction with EDTA respectively. Varying Pb contents were obtained; the overall total Pb mean value was 12.6 ± 13.1 mg/kg, while the plant available Pb had mean concentration of 5.0 ± 3.1 mg/kg. Although the studied soil samples in this research were not polluted, they indicated a considerable Pb contamination that could serve as baseline data for lead level in paddy soils in Niger State. Hence, the need for constant monitoring of paddy soils to safe guide the possible risks that could arise due to bio - accumulation of Pb above the safety level and its consequence transfer through the food chain.
Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Canadian Center of Science and Education
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Polymorphism Analysis of

Adam, Ruqayya / Mukhtar, Muhammad M / Abubakar, Umar F / Damudi, Hajara A / Muhammad, Abdullahi / Ibrahim, Sulaiman S

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 9, Issue 1

Abstract: Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently the first-line treatment of malaria, worldwide) is leading to the unofficial use of alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/ ... ...

Abstract	Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness of artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently the first-line treatment of malaria, worldwide) is leading to the unofficial use of alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, across northern Nigeria. To facilitate evidence-based resistance management, antimalarial resistance mutations were investigated in
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720869-2
ISSN	2079-9721
ISSN	2079-9721
DOI	10.3390/diseases9010006
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Article ; Online: COMPARATIVE OSSIFICATION OF THE SKULL IN THREE NIGERIAN BREEDS OF SHEEP

Shaibu Mohammed Atabo / Abubakar Abubakar Umar / Sani Abdullahi Shehu / Adamu Abdul Abubakar

Exploratory Animal and Medical Research, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 195-

AN ALIZARIN TECHNIQUE

2020 Volume 203

Abstract: This study describes the ossification time, sequence, and morphogenic pattern of the neuro-cranial and viscera-cranial bones of the skull in three Nigerian breeds of sheep. A total number of four hundred and ninety (490) wasted fetuses were collected ... ...

Abstract	This study describes the ossification time, sequence, and morphogenic pattern of the neuro-cranial and viscera-cranial bones of the skull in three Nigerian breeds of sheep. A total number of four hundred and ninety (490) wasted fetuses were collected from abattoirs. The heads of the fetuses were severed and processed using the Alizarin technique. The ossifying bones were identified, and their morphology was mapped using FastStone Image software. In the three breeds of sheep, the neuro-cranial and viscera-cranial bones developed via intra-membranous ossification. Generally, bony spicules appeared to radiate from the ossification centers of the skull bones faster in Yankasa than Balami and Uda. The frontal, parietal, and the zygomatic process of frontal bones were the first of the neuro-cranial bones to begin ossification. The premaxilla, zygomatic, and maxilla were the first of the viscera-cranial bones to begin ossification. The earliest morphogenic pattern of the neuro-cranium, the occipital condyle was comma-shaped, the parietal and frontal were irregular, and the zygomatic process of temporal bones and frontal process of zygomatic were finger-like projections. Whereas among viscera-cranium, the premaxilla, nasal, and zygomatic were spindle-shaped, the maxilla and lacrimal were triangular and cube-shaped in all the three breeds of sheep. The ossification centers of the skull bones started from the calvarium and developed faster in Yankasa and the shape of the developing bones-varies as the bone spicules radiates and fetuses advance with age. The temporal and interparietal ossification did not occur in the 1st and early 2nd trimester fetuses (42-67 days of gestation) of the three breeds of sheep. It was concluded that the frontal and premaxilla were the first bones of the skull to ossify and ossification of the viscera-cranium occurred earlier in Yankasa than in Balami and Uda and the ossification centers of all the neuro-cranial bones and nasal bones were eccentric.
Keywords	nigerian sheep ; viscero-cranium ; neuro-cranium ; fetus ; ossification ; skull ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	West Bengal Veterinary Alumni Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Applied systems thinking

Jeffrey Glenn / Kimberly Kamara / Zaiyanatu Abubakar Umar / Teresa Chahine / Nils Daulaire / Thomas Bossert

Health Research Policy and Systems, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a viable approach to identify leverage points for accelerating progress towards ending neglected tropical diseases

2020 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Background Systems thinking is a conceptual approach that can assist stakeholders in understanding complexity and making progress on persistent public health challenges. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a complex global health problem, are ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Systems thinking is a conceptual approach that can assist stakeholders in understanding complexity and making progress on persistent public health challenges. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a complex global health problem, are responsible for a large disease burden among impoverished populations around the world. This aim of this study was to better discern the many complexities of the global NTD system in order to identify and act on leverage points to catalyse progress towards ending NTDs. Methods Existing frameworks for systems change were adapted to form the conceptual framework for the study. Using a semi-structured interview guide, key informant interviews were conducted with NTD stakeholders at the global level and at the country level in Nigeria. The interview data were coded and analysed to create causal loop diagrams that resulted in a qualitative model of the global NTD system. Results The complete qualitative model is discussed and presented visually as six separate sub-components that highlight key forces and feedback loops within the global NTD system. Conclusions We identified five leverage points for NTD system change, namely (1) clarify the potential for and assess realistic progress towards NTD elimination, (2) increase support for interventions besides drug delivery, (3) reduce dependency on international donors, (4) create a less insular culture within the global NTD community, and (5) systemically address the issue of health worker incentives. The specific findings for NTDs raise a number of uncomfortable questions that have not been addressed, at least in part, because it is easier to continue focusing on ‘quick win’ solutions. The study provides a model of a systems thinking approach that can be applied to other complex global health and development challenges in order to understand complexity and identify leverage points for system change.
Keywords	systems thinking ; systems change ; neglected tropical diseases ; global health ; public health ; causal loop diagrams ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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