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  1. Article ; Online: Association of Cardiac Arrest With Opioid Overdose in Transport

    Marissa L Ritter / Adam D Bohr / Matthew B McQueen

    Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, Vol

    2022  Volume 16

    Abstract: Introduction: Drug overdose is the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States. It has been linked to respiratory depression and cardiac toxicity, both of which can lead to cardiac arrest. Despite this potential association, few studies ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Drug overdose is the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States. It has been linked to respiratory depression and cardiac toxicity, both of which can lead to cardiac arrest. Despite this potential association, few studies have examined this relationship, particularly in transport to the hospital. The purpose of this research was to determine if there was a relationship between opioid overdose and cardiac arrest in transport. Methods: A sample (n = 1 000 000) was utilized from the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) from the year 2019. A logistic regression model was used to predict cardiac arrest from dispatch reason with gender, race, and age included as controls. Results: Overdose-related dispatch reason was associated with an increased likelihood of cardiac arrest in transport (Odds Ratio = 1.65, 95% Confidence Interval: [1.22, 2.22]). Conclusions: Opioid overdose is associated with an increased incidence of cardiac arrest in transport in the United States.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Multicentre evaluation of anxiety and mood among collegiate student athletes with concussion

    Rachel Zhang / Sourav K Poddar / Masaru Teramoto / Kimberly Harmon / Adam D Bohr / Jamshid Ghajar / Doug F Aukerman / David J Petron / Angela Lumba-Brown / Russ Romano

    BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Vol 9, Iss

    2023  Volume 1

    Abstract: Objectives Mental health problems are a premorbid and postinjury concern among college student athletes. Clinical phenotypes of anxiety and mood disruption are prevalent following mild traumatic brain injury, including concussion, a common sports injury. ...

    Abstract Objectives Mental health problems are a premorbid and postinjury concern among college student athletes. Clinical phenotypes of anxiety and mood disruption are prevalent following mild traumatic brain injury, including concussion, a common sports injury. This work examined whether concussed student athletes with a history of mental health problems and higher symptoms of anxiety and mood disruption at baseline were more likely to have higher postinjury reports of mood and anxiety as well as prolonged resolution of postconcussive symptoms to near-baseline measures.Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of a multi-institutional database of standardised baseline and postinjury assessments among college student athletes. Anxiety/mood evaluation data among varsity college athletes from four institutions over 1 year were measured and compared at baseline and postconcussion recovery using descriptive statistics and multilevel/mixed-effects analysis.Results Data from 2248 student athletes were analysed, with 40.6% reporting at least one symptom of anxiety and/or mood disruption at baseline. Of the 150 distinct concussions, 94.7% reported symptoms of anxiety/mood disruption during recovery (recovery time=0–96 days). Higher anxiety/mood scores at baseline were significantly associated with higher scores following concussion (p<0.001). Recovery trajectories of anxiety/mood scores showed different patterns by sex and prolonged recovery.Conclusion Symptoms of anxiety and mood disruption are common at baseline among college student athletes. These students are at higher risk for symptomatology following injury, representing a screening cohort that may benefit from early counselling. Almost all student athletes will experience symptoms of anxiety and/or mood disruption following concussion.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 and Lipopolysaccharide Challenge on Polarization of Murine BV-2 Microglial Cells

    Luke W. Desmond / Evan M. Holbrook / Caelan T. O. Wright / Cristian A. Zambrano / Christopher E. Stamper / Adam D. Bohr / Matthew G. Frank / Brendan K. Podell / Julie A. Moreno / Andrew S. MacDonald / Stefan O. Reber / Rogelio Hernández-Pando / Christopher A. Lowry

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 1, p

    2023  Volume 474

    Abstract: Previous studies have shown that the in vivo administration of soil-derived bacteria with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, can prevent a stress-induced shift toward an inflammatory M1 microglial ... ...

    Abstract Previous studies have shown that the in vivo administration of soil-derived bacteria with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, can prevent a stress-induced shift toward an inflammatory M1 microglial immunophenotype and microglial priming in the central nervous system (CNS). It remains unclear whether M. vaccae NCTC 11659 can act directly on microglia to mediate these effects. This study was designed to determine the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 on the polarization of naïve BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, and BV-2 cells subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Briefly, murine BV-2 cells were exposed to 100 µg/mL whole-cell, heat-killed M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or sterile borate-buffered saline (BBS) vehicle, followed, 24 h later, by exposure to 0.250 µg/mL LPS ( Escherichia coli 0111: B4; n = 3) in cell culture media vehicle (CMV) or a CMV control condition. Twenty-four hours after the LPS or CMV challenge, cells were harvested to isolate total RNA. An analysis using the NanoString platform revealed that, by itself, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had an “adjuvant-like” effect, while exposure to LPS increased the expression of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine ligands, the C3 component of complement, and components of inflammasome signaling such as Nlrp3 . Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had limited effects on differential gene expression using a threshold of 1.5-fold change. A subset of genes was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), including Arg1 , Ccl2 , Il1b , Il6 , Nlrp3 , and Tnf . Based on the analysis using real-time RT-PCR, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 by itself again induced “adjuvant-like” effects, increasing the expression of Il1b , Il6 , and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1 . LPS by itself increased the expression of Ccl2 , Il1b , Il6 , Nlrp3 , and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1 . Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 ...
    Keywords arginase 1 ; endotoxin ; hygiene hypothesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; LPS ; M1 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A novel cutoff for the waist-to-height ratio predicting metabolic syndrome in young American adults

    Adam D. Bohr / Kelly Laurson / Matthew B. McQueen

    BMC Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2016  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Background Recent studies have shown the enhanced diagnostic capability of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) over BMI. However, while a structured cutoff hierarchy has been established for BMI, a rigorous analysis to define individuals as obese ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Recent studies have shown the enhanced diagnostic capability of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) over BMI. However, while a structured cutoff hierarchy has been established for BMI, a rigorous analysis to define individuals as obese using the WHtR has not been performed on a sample of American adults. This study attempts to establish a cutoff for the WHtR using metabolic syndrome as the outcome. Methods The study sample consisted of individuals that were part of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The final sample for analysis consisted of 7 935 participants (3 469 males, 4 466 females) that were complete respondents for the variables of interest at Wave IV. The participants ranged from 24.55-33.60 years. Weighted and unweighted receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed predicting metabolic syndrome from the WHtR. Cutoffs were chosen using the Youden index. The derived cutoffs were validated by logistic regression analysis on the Add Health participants and an external sample of 1 236 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results The ROC analysis resulted in a WHtR cutoff of 0.578 (Youden Index = 0.50) for the full sample of complete respondents, 0.578 (Youden Index = 0.55) for males only, and 0.580 (Youden Index = 0.50) for females only. The area under the curve was 0.798 (95 % CI (0.788, 0.809)) for the full sample of complete respondents, 0.833 (95 % CI (0.818, 0.848)) for males only, and 0.804 (95 % CI (0.791, 0.818)) for females only. Participants in the validation sample with a WHtR greater than the derived cutoff were more likely (Odds Ratio = 9.8, 95 % CI (6.2, 15.3)) to have metabolic syndrome than those that were not. Conclusion A WHtR cutoff of 0.580 is optimal for discriminating individuals with metabolic syndrome in two nationally representative samples of young adults. This cutoff is an improvement over a previously recommended cutoff of 0.5 as well as other cutoffs derived from ...
    Keywords Waist-to-height ratio ; Cutoff ; Obesity ; Epidemiology ; Metabolic syndrome ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 310 ; 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Pac-12 CARE-Affiliated Program

    Kimberly G Harmon / Sourav K Poddar / Adam D Bohr / Matthew B McQueen / Jamshid Ghajar / Russell Romano / Theresa D Hernández / Niki Konstantinides / Christopher Giza

    BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, Vol 7, Iss

    structure, methods and initial results

    2021  Volume 2

    Abstract: Sport-related concussion has garnered increasing scientific attention and research over the last decade. Collegiate student-athletes represent an important cohort in this field. As such, the Pac-12 CARE-Affiliated Program (CAP) was formed in 2017 as a ... ...

    Abstract Sport-related concussion has garnered increasing scientific attention and research over the last decade. Collegiate student-athletes represent an important cohort in this field. As such, the Pac-12 CARE-Affiliated Program (CAP) was formed in 2017 as a regional hub of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) consortium. CAP is multisite, prospective, longitudinal study that aims to improve student-athlete health by identifying factors associated with concussion incidence and recovery and using this knowledge to inform best clinical practices and policy decisions. CAP employed a staggered rollout across the Pac-12, with the first four institutions enrolling in fall 2018. After receiving institutional review board (IRB) approval, these institutions began consenting student-athletes to share clinical concussion and baseline data for research purposes. Athletes completed baseline testing that included a medical questionnaire, concussion history and a battery for clinical concussion assessments. Concussed student-athletes were given the same battery of assessments in addition to full injury and return to play reports. Clinicians at each university worked with a data coordinator to ensure appropriate reporting, and the Pac-12 Concussion Coordinating Unit at the University of Colorado Boulder provided oversight for quality control of the data study wide. During year 1, CAP consented 2181 student-athletes and tracked 140 concussions. All research was conducted with the appropriate IRB approval across the participating Pac-12 institutions. Data security and dissemination are managed by the Presagia Sports Athlete Electronic Health Record software (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) and QuesGen Systems (San Francisco, California, USA).
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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