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Article ; Online: Emotions in social anxiety disorder: A review.

Rozen, Naama / Aderka, Idan M

2023 Volume 95, Page(s) 102696

Abstract: Extant cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) have primarily focused on cognitions and behaviors that maintain the disorder. Emotional aspects of SAD have been investigated but have not been sufficiently integrated into current ... ...

Abstract	Extant cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety disorder (SAD) have primarily focused on cognitions and behaviors that maintain the disorder. Emotional aspects of SAD have been investigated but have not been sufficiently integrated into current models. To facilitate such integration, we reviewed the literature on emotional constructs (emotional intelligence, emotional knowledge, emotional clarity, emotion differentiation, and emotion regulation), and discrete emotions (anger, shame, embarrassment, loneliness, guilt, pride, and envy) in SAD and social anxiety. We present the studies conducted on these constructs, summarize the main findings, suggest areas for future research, discuss the findings in the context of existing models of SAD and attempt to integrate the findings into these existing models of the disorder. Clinical implications of our findings are also discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anger ; Anxiety/psychology ; Emotions ; Guilt ; Phobia, Social/psychology ; Shame ; Emotional Intelligence ; Loneliness ; Jealousy ; Models, Psychological ; Emotional Regulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102696
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Article ; Online: Catching a (sine) wave: Temporal dynamics of nonverbal synchrony in social anxiety disorder.

Shatz, Hallel / Asher, Maya / Aderka, Idan M

Journal of anxiety disorders

2024 Volume 102, Page(s) 102828

Abstract: Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience a range of interpersonal problems and studies have found that nonverbal synchrony (the coordination between interaction partners' movements) may be impaired in dyads in which one individual has ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience a range of interpersonal problems and studies have found that nonverbal synchrony (the coordination between interaction partners' movements) may be impaired in dyads in which one individual has SAD (Asher et al., 2020). In the present study, we examined the temporal dynamics of nonverbal synchrony during "getting aquatinted" conversations of individuals with and without SAD. Specifically, participants (n = 146) formed either SAD dyads (dyads in which one individual had SAD and the other did not; n = 37 dyads), or control dyads (dyads in which both individuals did not have SAD; n = 36 dyads). Dyads were randomized to either small talk or closeness-generating (i.e., intimate) conversations. We found that during conversations, nonverbal synchrony followed a repeating pattern of increases and decreases that was best modeled by a sinusoidal wave (explained variance = 63.74 %). We found significant Diagnosis × Social Context interactions in the temporal dynamics of nonverbal synchrony (i.e., in the parameters of sine waves). Specifically, we found that for SAD dyads (but not control dyads), the average sine wave amplitude which indicates increases and decreases in nonverbal synchrony was greater during small talk conversations compared to closeness-generating conversations. In addition, we found that among control dyads (but not SAD dyads), the average vertical offset of sine waves (i.e., the average level of nonverbal synchrony) during closeness-generating conversations was greater compared to small talk conversations. The findings are interpreted within the context of the social anxiety literature as capturing two distinct social-anxiety related processes, and suggest that when examined temporally (rather than averaged), nonverbal synchrony may be an important implicit biomarker of SAD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phobia, Social ; Communication ; Social Interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102828
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Article ; Online: Swipe right, swipe left: Initial interactions in social anxiety disorder.

Rozen, Naama / Aderka, Idan M

Journal of psychopathology and clinical science

2022 Volume 131, Issue 5, Page(s) 435–446

Abstract: Individuals with SAD have difficulties initiating and maintaining relationships. However, little is known about the preinteraction behavior of individuals with SAD. Individuals with ( ...

Abstract	Individuals with SAD have difficulties initiating and maintaining relationships. However, little is known about the preinteraction behavior of individuals with SAD. Individuals with (
MeSH term(s)	Happiness ; Humans ; Phobia, Social ; Smiling
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2769-755X
ISSN (online)	2769-755X
DOI	10.1037/abn0000761
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Article ; Online: Nonverbal synchrony in diagnostic interviews of individuals with social anxiety disorder.

Shatz, Hallel / Oren-Yagoda, Roni / Aderka, Idan M

Journal of anxiety disorders

2023 Volume 101, Page(s) 102803

Abstract: The present study examined nonverbal synchrony (i.e., synchrony between individuals' movement) during diagnostic interviews of individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD). Specifically, 42 individuals with SAD and 42 individuals without ... ...

Abstract	The present study examined nonverbal synchrony (i.e., synchrony between individuals' movement) during diagnostic interviews of individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD). Specifically, 42 individuals with SAD and 42 individuals without SAD underwent a structured clinical interview, and videos of clinical interviews were analysed using Motion Energy Analysis (an objective machine-based video analysis) to quantify each individuals' movement as well as dyadic synchrony. Results indicated that interviews of individuals with SAD had significantly lower levels of nonverbal synchrony compared to interviews of individuals without SAD. In addition, interviews of individuals with SAD had lower levels of pacing compared to interviews of individuals without SAD (pacing refers to synchrony in which the interviewer initiates movement to which the participant responds). Analyses with social anxiety represented as a continuum of severity (vs. a diagnostic dichotomy) resulted in similar findings. Thus, individuals with SAD synchronized with interviewers' movement to a lesser extent compared to individuals without SAD, and social anxiety was associated with diminished synchrony. Implications for psychopathology and diagnosis of SAD are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phobia, Social/diagnosis ; Fear ; Psychopathology ; Anxiety
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102803
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Article ; Online: Pride in social anxiety disorder.

Oren-Yagoda, Roni / Paz, Nadav / Aderka, Idan M

Journal of anxiety disorders

2023 Volume 99, Page(s) 102759

Abstract: The present study examined differences in the experience of pride between individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD), and is the first to examine both the effects of context on pride and the temporal relationship between pride and anxiety ...

Abstract	The present study examined differences in the experience of pride between individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD), and is the first to examine both the effects of context on pride and the temporal relationship between pride and anxiety in participants' daily lives. Eighty-eight participants took part in the study, half (n = 44) met diagnostic criteria for SAD and half (n = 44) did not. Both groups completed an experience sampling measurement (ESM) to assess the levels of pride and anxiety and the nature of interpersonal contexts in which these emotions were experienced every day for 21 consecutive days. Using multilevel linear modeling, our findings suggest that pride is diminished among individuals with SAD, that situations percieved as highly neagative and positive, or as highly meaningful and positive are associated with the highest levels of pride, and that the experience of pride is associated with subsequent reductions in anxiety among individuals with SAD. These findings point to the role of pride in the disorder and can be used to inform and enhance therapeutic interventions for SAD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	619417-5
ISSN	1873-7897 ; 0887-6185
ISSN (online)	1873-7897
ISSN	0887-6185
DOI	10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102759
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Article ; Online: A Revised Theory of Sudden Gains in Psychological Treatments.

Aderka, Idan M / Shalom, Jonathan G

Behaviour research and therapy

2021 Volume 139, Page(s) 103830

Abstract: Sudden gains were first defined and quantified by Tang and DeRubeis (1999) and were found to predict treatment outcome in cognitive therapy for depression. Since that seminal paper, over 100 examinations of sudden gains have been published and sudden ... ...

Abstract	Sudden gains were first defined and quantified by Tang and DeRubeis (1999) and were found to predict treatment outcome in cognitive therapy for depression. Since that seminal paper, over 100 examinations of sudden gains have been published and sudden gains have been found to be ubiquitous in psychological treatments and to consistently predict better treatment outcomes across a multitude of disorders and contexts (see Shalom & Aderka, 2020 for a review). The research on sudden gains has seen considerable growth over the past 20 years. However, the theory behind sudden gains (which addresses processes leading to sudden gains, and processes resulting from sudden gains) has never been revised. Based on the empirical research which has accrued over the last 20 years, we present an empirically-based revision of the theory of sudden gains. The revised theory addresses both predictors of sudden gains and processes that may lead to sudden gains, as well as the consequences of sudden gains and the processes by which sudden gains can affect outcome. We also present a number of hypotheses that can be derived from the theory as well as the status of empirical evidence supporting these hypotheses. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	211997-3
ISSN	1873-622X ; 0005-7967
ISSN (online)	1873-622X
ISSN	0005-7967
DOI	10.1016/j.brat.2021.103830
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Article ; Online: The effect of depression on treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder: an individual-level meta-analysis.

Rozen, Naama / Aderka, Idan M

Cognitive behaviour therapy

2021 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 185–216

Abstract: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly comorbid with depression. In the present meta-analysis, we conducted the first individual-level examination of the association between pre-treatment depression and improvement in social anxiety symptoms during ... ...

Abstract	Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly comorbid with depression. In the present meta-analysis, we conducted the first individual-level examination of the association between pre-treatment depression and improvement in social anxiety symptoms during treatment. We identified eligible studies on cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for SAD and contacted authors to obtain individual-level data. We obtained these data from 41 studies, including 46 treatment conditions (n = 4,381). Our results showed that individuals who had high levels of depression at pre-treatment experienced greater decreases in social anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-treatment, but not at follow-up. When analyzing treatment modalities (individual CBT, group CBT, internet-delivered CBT, and pharmacotherapy), we found that depressive symptoms were associated with better post-treatment outcomes for individual CBT and internet-delivered CBT, but not for pharmacotherapy or group CBT. Our findings suggest that depression does not negatively affect treatment outcome in SAD and may even lead to improved outcomes in some treatment formats. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders/therapy ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Depression/therapy ; Humans ; Phobia, Social/complications ; Phobia, Social/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2076060-7
ISSN	1651-2316 ; 1650-6073
ISSN (online)	1651-2316
ISSN	1650-6073
DOI	10.1080/16506073.2021.1966089
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Article ; Online: Perception of interpersonal distance and social distancing before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Givon-Benjio, Nur / Sokolover, Hili / Aderka, Idan M / Hadad, Bat-Sheva / Okon-Singer, Hadas

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4568

Abstract: Since COVID-19 is easily transmitted among people in close physical proximity, the focus of epidemiological policy during the COVID-19 crisis included major restrictions on interpersonal distance. However, the way in which distance restrictions affected ... ...

Abstract	Since COVID-19 is easily transmitted among people in close physical proximity, the focus of epidemiological policy during the COVID-19 crisis included major restrictions on interpersonal distance. However, the way in which distance restrictions affected spatial perception is unclear. In the current study, we examined interpersonal distance preferences and perceptions at three time points: pre-pandemic, early post-pandemic, and late post-pandemic. The results indicate that following the pandemic outbreak, people perceived others as farther away than they actually were, suggesting that the distance restrictions were associated with an enlargement of perceived interpersonal distance. Interestingly, however, people maintained the same distance from one another as before the outbreak, indicating no change in actual distance behavior due to the risk of infection. These findings suggest that COVID-19 was associated with a change in the way distance is perceived, while in practice, people maintain the same distance as before. In contrast, COVID-related anxiety predicted both a preference for maintaining a greater distance and a bias toward underestimating perceived distance from others. Thus, individuals who were highly fearful of COVID-19 perceived other people to be closer than they actually were and preferred to maintain a larger distance from them. The results suggest that subjective risk can lead to an increased perception of danger and a subsequent change in behavior. Taken together, even when behaviors should logically change, the decision-making process can be based on distorted perceptions. This insight may be used to predict public compliance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Space Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-55218-y
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Article ; Online: Does acceptance lead to change? Training in radical acceptance improves implementation of cognitive reappraisal.

Segal, Or / Sher, Helene / Aderka, Idan M / Weinbach, Noam

Behaviour research and therapy

2023 Volume 164, Page(s) 104303

Abstract: Third-wave cognitive behavioral treatments such as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) theorize that emotional acceptance facilitates cognitive change. However, empirical evidence to support this notion is scarce. This study assessed how a two-week ... ...

Abstract	Third-wave cognitive behavioral treatments such as dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) theorize that emotional acceptance facilitates cognitive change. However, empirical evidence to support this notion is scarce. This study assessed how a two-week online training in using acceptance or cognitive change DBT skills influences the implementation of these strategies in an emotion regulation task. During six training sessions, 120 healthy individuals recorded personal negative events. In a Radical Acceptance group, participants implemented a DBT skill aimed to promote acceptance of the negative events they described. In a Check the Facts group, participants reappraised their interpretations of the described events. A Control group described negative events but did not use any DBT skill. Results supported our preregistered hypotheses showing that following the training, participants who practiced Radical Acceptance improved in their ability to implement both emotional acceptance and cognitive reappraisal (cognitive change) in an emotion regulation task. In contrast, the Check the Facts group improved only in the ability to use cognitive reappraisal, but not emotional acceptance. The control group did not improve in either strategy. The findings provide empirical evidence to support the notion that cultivating acceptance can subsequently improve the ability to reinterpret reality for coping adaptively with negative events.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Emotions/physiology ; Behavior Therapy ; Emotional Regulation ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Cognition/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	211997-3
ISSN	1873-622X ; 0005-7967
ISSN (online)	1873-622X
ISSN	0005-7967
DOI	10.1016/j.brat.2023.104303
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Article ; Online: Blend in or stand out: social anxiety levels shape information-sharing strategies.

Zaatri, Silina / Aderka, Idan M / Hertz, Uri

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2022 Volume 289, Issue 1975, Page(s) 20220476

Abstract: Although living in social groups provides many benefits for group members, such groups also serve as a setting for social competition over rank and influence. Evolutionary accounts suggest that social anxiety plays a role in regulating in-group conflict, ...

Abstract	Although living in social groups provides many benefits for group members, such groups also serve as a setting for social competition over rank and influence. Evolutionary accounts suggest that social anxiety plays a role in regulating in-group conflict, as individuals who are concerned about social threat may choose to defer to others to maintain the hierarchical status quo. Here, we examine how social anxiety levels are related to the advice-giving style an individual adopts: a competitive influence-seeking strategy or a defensive blend-in strategy. We begin by demonstrating that similarity to others drives activity in the brain's valuation system, even during a competitive advice-taking task. Then, in three behavioural experiments, we show that social anxiety levels are related to the tendency to give advice resembling the advice given by rival advisers and to refrain from status-seeking behaviour. Social anxiety was also associated with negative social comparisons with rival advisers. Our findings highlight the role of competing social goals in shaping information sharing.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Social Behavior
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2022.0476
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