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  1. Article ; Online: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and attitudes in Pakistan

    Adnan Ahmad Khan / Mujahid Abdullah / Razia Aliani / Amal Fatima Mohiuddin / Faisal Sultan

    BMC Public Health, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a cross-sectional phone survey of major urban cities

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 mass vaccination is the only hopeful savior to curb the pandemic. Vaccine distribution to achieve herd immunity is hindered by hesitance and negative attitude of the public against COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background COVID-19 mass vaccination is the only hopeful savior to curb the pandemic. Vaccine distribution to achieve herd immunity is hindered by hesitance and negative attitude of the public against COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to evaluate the vaccine hesitancy and attitudes in major cities in Pakistan as well as their determinants. Methods A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted in June 2021 in major cities of Pakistan including Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Gilgit, from unvaccinated urban population aged 18 years or older. Random Digit Dialing through multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to ensure representation of each target city and socio-economic classes. Questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and receptivity of COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify key determinants of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. Results The prevalence of vaccinated population in this survey was 15%. Of the 2270 respondents, 65% respondents were willing to vaccinate, while only 19% were registered for vaccination. Factors significantly associated with vaccine willingness were older age (aOR: 6.48, 95% CI: 1.94–21.58), tertiary education (aOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.01), being employed (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.78), perceived risk of COVID-19 (aOR: 4.38, 95% CI: 2.70, 7.12), and higher compliance with standard operating procedures (aOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.35). The most common vaccine hesitancy reasons were ‘no need’ (n = 284, 36%) and concerns with ‘vaccine safety and side effects’ (n = 251, 31%), while most reported vaccine motivation reasons were ‘health safety’ (n = 1029, 70%) and ‘to end the pandemic’ (n = 357, 24%). Conclusions Although our study found 35% hesitancy rate of COVID-19 vaccine, there were noticeable demographic differences that suggest tailored communication strategy to address concerns held by most hesitant subpopulation. Use of ...
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Vaccine willingness ; Vaccine hesitancy ; Phone survey ; Pakistan ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Public health data quality and evidence use in developing countries

    Olan Naz / Muhammad Ibrahim / Amal Fatima Mohiuddin / Adnan Ahmad Khan / Zainab Samad

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    a call to action

    2023  Volume 11

    Keywords health policy ; health information system ; data quality (DQ) ; national survey data ; program database ; evidence use in policymaking ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: COVID-19 in Pakistan

    Taimoor Ahmad / Mujahid Abdullah / Abdul Mueed / Faisal Sultan / Ayesha Khan / Adnan Ahmad Khan

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

    A national analysis of five pandemic waves

    2023  Volume 12

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Impact of school closures and reopening on COVID-19 caseload in 6 cities of Pakistan

    Abdul Mueed / Taimoor Ahmad / Mujahid Abdullah / Faisal Sultan / Adnan Ahmad Khan

    PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 9, p e

    An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

    2022  Volume 0000648

    Abstract: Schools were closed all over Pakistan on November 26, 2020 to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and reopened between January 18 and February 1, 2021. However, these closures were associated with significant economic and social costs, prompting a ... ...

    Abstract Schools were closed all over Pakistan on November 26, 2020 to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and reopened between January 18 and February 1, 2021. However, these closures were associated with significant economic and social costs, prompting a review of effectiveness of school closures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 infections in a developing country like Pakistan. A single-group interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to measure the impact of school closures, as well as reopening schools, on daily new COVID-19 cases in 6 major cities across Pakistan: Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Quetta, Peshawar, and Muzaffarabad. However, any benefits were contingent on continued closure of schools, as cases bounced back once schools reopened. School closures are associated with a clear and statistically significant reduction in COVID-19 cases by 0.07 to 0.63 cases per 100,000 population, while reopening schools is associated with a statistically significant increase. Lahore is an exception to the effect of school closures, but it too saw an increase in COVID-19 cases after schools reopened in early 2021. We show that closing schools was a viable policy option, especially before vaccines became available. However, its social and economic costs must also be considered.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 370
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Community engagement to increase vaccine uptake

    Mujahid Abdullah / Taimoor Ahmad / Twangar Kazmi / Faisal Sultan / Sabeen Afzal / Rana Muhammad Safdar / Adnan Ahmad Khan

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

    Quasi-experimental evidence from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    2022  Volume 12

    Abstract: Developing countries have been facing difficulties in reaching out to low-income and underserved communities for COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The rapidity of vaccine development caused a mistrust among certain subgroups of the population, and hence ... ...

    Abstract Developing countries have been facing difficulties in reaching out to low-income and underserved communities for COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The rapidity of vaccine development caused a mistrust among certain subgroups of the population, and hence innovative approaches were taken to reach out to such populations. Using a sample of 1760 respondents in five low-income, informal localities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, we evaluated a set of interventions involving community engagement by addressing demand and access barriers. We used multi-level mixed effects models to estimate average treatment effects across treatment areas. We found that our interventions increased COVID-19 vaccine willingness in two treatment areas that are furthest from city centers by 7.6% and 6.6% respectively, while vaccine uptake increased in one of the treatment areas by 17.1%, compared to the control area. Our results suggest that personalized information campaigns such as community mobilization help to increase COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Increasing uptake however, requires improving access to the vaccination services. Both information and access may be different for various communities and therefore a “one-size-fits-all” approach may need to be better localized. Such underserved and marginalized communities are better served if vaccination efforts are contextualized.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Image De-Noising and Compression Using Statistical based Thresholding in 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

    Qazi Mazhar / Adil Masood Siddique / Imran Touqir / Adnan Ahmad Khan

    International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol 7, Iss 11, Pp 311-

    2016  Volume 316

    Abstract: Images are very good information carriers but they depart from their original condition during transmission and are corrupted by different kind of noise. The purpose is to remove the noisy coefficients such that minimum amount of information is lost and ... ...

    Abstract Images are very good information carriers but they depart from their original condition during transmission and are corrupted by different kind of noise. The purpose is to remove the noisy coefficients such that minimum amount of information is lost and maximum amount of noise is suppressed or reduced. We considered Generalized Gaussian distribution for modeling of noise. In the proposed technique, statistical thresholding methods are used for the estimation of threshold value while Bi-orthogonal wavelet has been envisaged for image decomposition and reconstruction. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of thresholding methods on different images shows significant results for statistical thresholding methods based on objective and subjective quality as compared to other de-noising methods.
    Keywords Wavelet Thresholding ; statistical Thresholding Image De-noising ; Image Compression ; Wavelet Sub-band Thresholding ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher The Science and Information (SAI) Organization
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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