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Article ; Online: Presence of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles gambiae and absence in other malaria vectors in Cove-Zagnanando-Ouinhi health zone in southern Benin, West Africa.

Tokponnon, Tatchémè Filémon / Ossè, Razaki / Yovogan, Boulais / Guidi, Ella / Adoha, Constantin J / Sominanhouin, André / Ahouandjinou, Juvenal / Sidick, Aboubakar / Akogbeto, Martin C

Malaria journal

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

Abstract: Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Benin. The present study aims to evaluate the different Plasmodium species transmitted by malaria vectors in the communes of Cove, Zagnanado and Ouinhi, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Benin. The present study aims to evaluate the different Plasmodium species transmitted by malaria vectors in the communes of Cove, Zagnanado and Ouinhi, Southern Benin. Methods: The study was conducted between December 2021 and October 2022 in 60 villages spread over the three study communes. Adult mosquitoes were collected from four houses in each village using human landing catches (HLCs). After morphological identification, a subsample of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles nili was analysed by PCR to test for their infection to the different Plasmodium species. Results: Anopheles gambiae was collected at higher frequency in all the three study communes, representing 93.5% (95% CI 92.9-94) of all collected mosquitoes (n = 10,465). In total, five molecular species were found, An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles coluzzii of the Gambiae complex, An. funestus and Anopheles leesoni of the Funestus group, and An. nili s.s., the sole species of the Nili group. From the five molecular species, four (An. gambiae s.s., An. coluzzii, An. funestus s.s. and An. nili s.s.) were found to be infected. Plasmodium falciparum was the main Plasmodium species in the study area, followed by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. Only An. gambiae s.s. was infected with all three Plasmodium species, while An. coluzzii was infected with two species, P. falciparum and P. vivax. Conclusions: Plasmodium falciparum was the only species tested for in malaria vectors in Benin, and remains the only one against which most control tools are directed. It is, therefore, necessary that particular attention be paid to secondary Plasmodium species for an efficient control of the disease. The presence of P. vivax emphasizes the need for an update of case management for malaria.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Adult ; Humans ; Anopheles ; Malaria ; Benin ; Plasmodium vivax ; Mosquito Vectors ; Africa, Western ; Malaria, Falciparum ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium ; Malaria, Vivax
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091229-8
ISSN	1475-2875 ; 1475-2875
ISSN (online)	1475-2875
ISSN	1475-2875
DOI	10.1186/s12936-023-04834-6
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Article ; Online: Asymptomatic

Medjigbodo, Adandé A / Djossou, Laurette / Adoha, Constantin J / Djihinto, Oswald Y / Ogouyemi-Hounto, Aurore / Donnelly, Martin J / Weetman, David / Djogbénou, Luc S

Parasite epidemiology and control

2023 Volume 21, Page(s) e00285

Abstract: Understanding the contribution of ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the contribution of asymptomatic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6731
ISSN (online)	2405-6731
DOI	10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00285
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid and chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs for malaria control in the third year post-distribution: a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Benin.

Accrombessi, Manfred / Cook, Jackie / Dangbenon, Edouard / Sovi, Arthur / Yovogan, Boulais / Assongba, Landry / Adoha, Constantin J / Akinro, Bruno / Affoukou, Cyriaque / Padonou, Germain Gil / Kleinschmidt, Immo / Messenger, Louisa A / Rowland, Mark / Ngufor, Corine / Akogbeto, Martin C / Protopopoff, Natacha

The Lancet. Infectious diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: Malaria continues to kill approximately 650 000 people each year. There is evidence that some second-generation insecticide-treated nets, which combine insecticide formulations with different modes of action, are protective against malaria ... ...

Abstract	Background: Malaria continues to kill approximately 650 000 people each year. There is evidence that some second-generation insecticide-treated nets, which combine insecticide formulations with different modes of action, are protective against malaria while the nets are new; however, evidence for their impact over 3 years is scarce. In this study, we report the third-year results of a cluster-randomised controlled trial assessing the long-term effectiveness of dual-active ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomised controlled trial, carried out between May 23, 2019, and April 30, 2023, in southern Benin. Restricted randomisation was used to assign 60 clusters (villages or groups of villages with a minimum of 100 households) to the three study groups (1:1:1) to evaluate the efficacy of pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLINs and chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLINs compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs (reference) against malaria transmission. The study staff and communities were masked to the group allocation. The primary outcome was malaria incidence measured over the third year after LLIN distribution, in a cohort of children aged 6 months to 9 years at the time of enrolment, in the intention-to-treat population. Here, we present the data of the third year post-LLIN distribution. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03931473. Findings: Study net use declined over the 3 years and was consistently lowest in the pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN group (at 36 months: 889 [39·4%] of 2257 participants vs 1278 [52·2%] of 2450 participants for the chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN group and 1400 [57·6%] of 2430 participants for the pyrethroid-only LLIN group). The cohort of children for the third year of follow-up (600 per group) were enrolled between April 9 and 30, 2022. Mean malaria incidence during the third year after distribution was 1·19 cases per child-year (95% CI 1·09-1·29) in the pyrethroid-only LLIN reference group, 1·21 cases per child-year (1·12-1·31) in the pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN group (hazard ratio [HR] 1·02, 95% CI 0·71-1·44; p=0·92), and 0·96 cases per child-year (0·88-1·05) in the chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN group (HR 0·80, 0·56-1·17; p=0·25). No adverse events related to study nets were reported by participants. Interpretation: During the third year, as was also observed during the first 2 years, the pyriproxyfen-pyrethroid LLIN group did not have superior protection against malaria cases compared with the standard LLIN group. In the third year, people living in the chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid LLIN group no longer benefited from greater protection against malaria cases and infections than those living in the pyrethroid-only LLIN group. This was probably influenced by lower study net use than previous years and the declining concentration of partner insecticides in the nets. Funding: UNITAID, The Global Fund. Translation: For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2061641-7
ISSN	1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
ISSN (online)	1474-4457
ISSN	1473-3099
DOI	10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00002-1
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Article ; Online: The impact of pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr long-lasting insecticidal nets on density of primary malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii in Benin: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Parasites & vectors

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may have different impacts on distinct mosquito vector species. We assessed the efficacy of pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr LLINs on the density of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may have different impacts on distinct mosquito vector species. We assessed the efficacy of pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr LLINs on the density of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii compared to pyrethroid-only nets in a three-arm cluster randomised control trial in Benin. Methods: Indoor and outdoor collections of adult mosquitoes took place in 60 clusters using human landing catches at baseline and every 3 months for 2 years. After morphological identification, around 15% of randomly selected samples of An. gambiae s.l. were dissected to determine parity, species (using PCR). Results: Overall, a total of 46,613 mosquito specimens were collected at baseline and 259,250 in the eight quarterly collections post-net distribution. Post-net distribution, approximately 70% of the specimens of An. gambiae s.l. speciated were An. coluzzii, while the rest were mostly composed of An. gambiae s.s. with a small proportion (< 1%) of hybrids (An. gambiae/coluzzii). There was no evidence of a significant reduction in vector density indoors in either primary vector species [An. coluzzii: DR (density ratio) = 0.62 (95% CI 0.21-1.77), p = 0.3683 for the pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen LLIN and DR = 0.56 (95% CI 0.19-1.62), p = 0.2866 for the pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr LLIN, An. gambiae s.s.: DR = 0.52 (95% CI 0.18-1.46), p = 0.2192 for the pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen LLIN and DR = 0.53 (95% CI 0.19-1.46), p = 0.2222 for the pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr]. The same trend was observed outdoors. Parity rates of An. gambiae s.l. were also similar across study arms. Conclusions: Compared with pyrethroid-only LLINs, pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr LLINs and pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen LLINs performed similarly against the two primary mosquito species An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii in Benin.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Anopheles ; Benin ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticide-Treated Bednets ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Mosquito Control ; Mosquito Vectors ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	chlorfenapyr (NWI20P05EB) ; Insecticides ; Pyrethrins ; pyriproxyfen (3Q9VOR705O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-023-06104-5
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Article: Efficacy of Pyrethroid-Pyriproxyfen and Pyrethroid-Chlorfenapyr Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) for the Control of Non-

Adoha, Constantin J / Sovi, Arthur / Yovogan, Boulais / Akinro, Bruno / Accrombessi, Manfred / Dangbénon, Edouard / Odjo, Esdras M / Sagbohan, Hermann Watson / Kpanou, Casimir Dossou / Padonou, Gil G / Messenger, Louisa A / Agbangla, Clément / Ngufor, Corine / Cook, Jackie / Protopopoff, Natacha / Akogbéto, Martin C

Insects

2023 Volume 14, Issue 5

Abstract: The efficacy of a vector control tool in reducing mosquito biting is crucial for its acceptability. The present study compared the vector density ... ...

Abstract	The efficacy of a vector control tool in reducing mosquito biting is crucial for its acceptability. The present study compared the vector density of
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662247-6
ISSN	2075-4450
ISSN	2075-4450
DOI	10.3390/insects14050417
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Article ; Online: Field performance of three mosquito collection methods for assessing the entomological efficacy of dual-active ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets.

Yovogan, Boulais / Adoha, Constantin J / Akinro, Bruno / Accrombessi, Manfred / Dangbénon, Edouard / Sidick, Aboubakar / Ossè, Razaki / Padonou, Gil G / Messenger, Louisa A / Fassinou, Arsène / Sagbohan, Hermann W / Agbangla, Clément / Djènontin, Armel / Odjo, Esdras M / Ngufor, Corine / Cook, Jackie / Protopopoff, Natacha / Sovi, Arthur / Akogbéto, Martin C

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 12263

Abstract: Selection of mosquito collection methods is of crucial importance to evaluate the impact of vector control tools on entomological outcomes. During a cluster randomised control trial evaluating the relative efficacy of two dual-active ingredient (a.i.) ... ...

Abstract	Selection of mosquito collection methods is of crucial importance to evaluate the impact of vector control tools on entomological outcomes. During a cluster randomised control trial evaluating the relative efficacy of two dual-active ingredient (a.i.) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs, we assessed the performance of different mosquito collection methods: Human landing catches (HLC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using three collection methods in 4 houses, in each of the 60 trial clusters at baseline and every quarter for 24 months using PSCs and HLCs, while CDC light traps were performed during two quarters only. Mean density of vectors collected per method per night was the highest with HLCs (15.9), followed by CDC light traps (6.8); with PSCs (1.1) collecting 10 times less mosquitoes than HLCs. All three collection methods collected fewer mosquitoes in the Interceptor G2
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Animals ; Humans ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito Vectors ; Anopheles ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Pyrethrins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-39558-9
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Article ; Online: Phenotypic Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): Specific Characterization of Underlying Resistance Mechanisms Still Matters.

Medjigbodo, Adandé A / Djogbenou, Luc S / Koumba, Aubin A / Djossou, Laurette / Badolo, Athanase / Adoha, Constantin J / Ketoh, Guillaume K / Mavoungou, Jacques F

Journal of medical entomology

2020 Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 730–738

Abstract: An effective control of malaria vectors requires an extensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying the resistance-phenotypes developed by these vectors against insecticides. We investigated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Benin and Togo for their ... ...

Abstract	An effective control of malaria vectors requires an extensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying the resistance-phenotypes developed by these vectors against insecticides. We investigated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Benin and Togo for their intensity of insecticide resistance and we discussed the involvement of genotyped mechanisms in the resistance-phenotypes observed. Three- to five-day-old adult mosquitoes emerged from field and laboratory An. gambiae larvae were assayed using WHO tube intensity tests against various doses of deltamethrin: 1× (0.05%); 2× (0.1%); 5× (0.25%); 7.5× (0.375%) and those of pirimiphos-methyl: 0.5× (0.125%); 1× (0.25%). Members of An. gambiae complex were screened in field populations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The presence of kdrR(1014F/1014S) and ace-1R(119S) mutations was also investigated using TaqMan and PCR-RFLP techniques, respectively. Anopheles gambiae from field were very resistant to deltamethrin, whereas KisKdr and AcerKdrKis strains displayed 100% mortality rates at 2× the diagnostic dose. In contrast, the field mosquitoes displayed a low resistance-intensity against 1× the diagnostic dose of pirimiphos-methyl, whereas AcerKis and AcerKdrKis strains showed susceptibility at 0.5× the diagnostic dose. Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis were identified. Allelic frequencies of kdrR (1014F) and ace-1R (119S) mutations in the field populations varied from 0.65 to 1 and 0 to 0.84, respectively. The field An. gambiae displayed high-resistance levels against deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl when compared with those of the laboratory An. gambiae-resistant strains. These results exhibit the complexity of underlying insecticide resistance mechanisms in these field malaria vectors.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anopheles/drug effects ; Anopheles/genetics ; Disease Vectors ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Insect ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Malaria/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Mosquito Vectors/drug effects ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Mutation ; Nitriles/pharmacology ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology ; Togo
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Nitriles ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pyrethrins ; pirimiphos methyl (29232-93-7) ; decamethrin (2JTS8R821G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjaa195
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Article: Phenotypic Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): Specific Characterization of Underlying Resistance Mechanisms Still Matters

Medjigbodo, Adandé A / Djogbenou, Luc S / Koumba, Aubin A / Djossou, Laurette / Badolo, Athanase / Adoha, Constantin J / Ketoh, Guillaume K / Mavoungou, Jacques F

Journal of medical entomology. 2020 Oct. 12, v. 58, no. 2

2020

Abstract	An effective control of malaria vectors requires an extensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying the resistance-phenotypes developed by these vectors against insecticides. We investigated Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Benin and Togo for their intensity of insecticide resistance and we discussed the involvement of genotyped mechanisms in the resistance-phenotypes observed. Three- to five-day-old adult mosquitoes emerged from field and laboratory An. gambiae larvae were assayed using WHO tube intensity tests against various doses of deltamethrin: 1×
Keywords	Anopheles arabiensis ; Anopheles gambiae ; deltamethrin ; genotyping ; insecticide resistance ; malaria ; medical entomology ; mortality ; phenotype ; pirimiphos-methyl ; polymerase chain reaction ; Benin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1012
Size	p. 730-738.
Publishing place	Entomological Society of America
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	0022-2585
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjaa195
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Article ; Online: Assessing Insecticide Susceptibility and Resistance Intensity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Populations From Some Districts of Benin Republic, West Africa.

Kpanou, Casimir Dossou / Sagbohan, Hermann W / Sovi, Arthur / Osse, Razaki / Padonou, Gil G / Salako, Albert / Tokponnon, Filémon / Fassinou, Arsène Jacques / Yovogan, Boulais / Nwangwu, Udoka C / Adoha, Constantin J / Odjo, Esdras Mahoutin / Ahogni, Idelphonse / Sidick, Aboubakar / Saïd Baba-Moussa, Lamine / Akogbéto, Martin

Journal of medical entomology

2022 Volume 59, Issue 3, Page(s) 949–956

Abstract: Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the insecticide resistance intensity in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in four districts of Benin in order to better understand how ... ...

Abstract	Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the insecticide resistance intensity in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in four districts of Benin in order to better understand how pyrethroid-only nets are likely to be effective. Thus, adult females of An. gambiae s.l., reared from field-collected larvae were used for assessing resistance intensity to permethrin and deltamethrin. They were tested at 1×, 5×, and 10× the diagnostic dose, using both WHO susceptibility tube testing and CDC bottle bioassays. Identification of molecular species, as well as of L1014F Kdr and Ace-1R mutations was performed using the PCR. The level of expression of biochemical enzymes was also evaluated. Overall, moderate to high resistance intensity to permethrin and deltamethrin was observed, irrespective of the testing method. While the L1014F Kdr frequency was high (>75%), Ace-1R was low (≤6%) in An. gambiaes.s. and Anopheles coluzzii, the two predominant species [52% (95% CI: 44.8-59.1) and 45% (95% CI: 38.0-52.2), respectively]. Anopheles arabiensis was found at very low frequency (3%, 95%CI: 1.1-6.4). For Biochemical analyses, α and β-esterases were over-expressed in all four districts, while mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) were over-expressed in only one. Overall, the two testing methods led to comparable conclusions, though there were a few inconsistencies between them. The moderate-high resistance intensity observed in the study area suggests that dual active-ingredient (AI) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may provide better control of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes.
MeSH term(s)	Africa, Western ; Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Benin ; Female ; Insecticide Resistance/genetics ; Insecticides/pharmacology ; Mosquito Vectors/genetics ; Permethrin/pharmacology ; Pyrethrins/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Pyrethrins ; Permethrin (509F88P9SZ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	1938-2928 ; 0022-2585
ISSN (online)	1938-2928
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjac037
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Article: Assessing Insecticide Susceptibility and Resistance Intensity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Populations From Some Districts of Benin Republic, West Africa

Kpanou, Casimir Dossou / Sagbohan, Hermann W. / Sovi, Arthur / Osse, Razaki / Padonou, Gil G. / Salako, Albert / Tokponnon, Filémon / Fassinou, Arsène Jacques / Yovogan, Boulais / Nwangwu, Udoka C. / Adoha, Constantin J. / Odjo, Esdras Mahoutin / Ahogni, Idelphonse / Sidick, Aboubakar / Baba-Moussa, Lamine Saïd / Akogbéto, Martin

Journal of medical entomology. 2022 Mar. 31, v. 59, no. 3

2022

Abstract	Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the insecticide resistance intensity in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in four districts of Benin in order to better understand how pyrethroid-only nets are likely to be effective. Thus, adult females of An. gambiae s.l., reared from field-collected larvae were used for assessing resistance intensity to permethrin and deltamethrin. They were tested at 1×, 5×, and 10× the diagnostic dose, using both WHO susceptibility tube testing and CDC bottle bioassays. Identification of molecular species, as well as of L1014F Kdr and Ace-1ᴿ mutations was performed using the PCR. The level of expression of biochemical enzymes was also evaluated. Overall, moderate to high resistance intensity to permethrin and deltamethrin was observed, irrespective of the testing method. While the L1014F Kdr frequency was high (>75%), Ace-1ᴿ was low (≤6%) in An. gambiaes.s. and Anopheles coluzzii, the two predominant species [52% (95% CI: 44.8–59.1) and 45% (95% CI: 38.0–52.2), respectively]. Anopheles arabiensis was found at very low frequency (3%, 95%CI: 1.1–6.4). For Biochemical analyses, α and β-esterases were over-expressed in all four districts, while mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) were over-expressed in only one. Overall, the two testing methods led to comparable conclusions, though there were a few inconsistencies between them. The moderate-high resistance intensity observed in the study area suggests that dual active-ingredient (AI) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) may provide better control of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes.
Keywords	Anopheles arabiensis ; Anopheles gambiae ; adults ; deltamethrin ; insecticide resistance ; medical entomology ; permethrin ; pyrethrins ; Benin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0331
Size	p. 949-956.
Publishing place	Entomological Society of America
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	410635-0
ISSN	0022-2585
ISSN	0022-2585
DOI	10.1093/jme/tjac037
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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