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Article ; Online: Exploring digital health interventions for pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in low-income and-middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Shahil Feroz, Anam / Afzal, Noreen / Seto, Emily

2022 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) e056130

Abstract: Objective: To explore digital health interventions that have been used to support pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (HRPE/E) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).: Design: Scoping review.: Data source: EMBASE, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore digital health interventions that have been used to support pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (HRPE/E) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: Scoping review. Data source: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and CINAHL were searched between 1 January 2000 and 20 October 2020. Eligibility criteria: The review included original research studies that were published in English, involved pregnant women at HRPE/E and implemented digital health interventions for PE/E in LMICs. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently completed the data extraction for each of the 19 final articles. An inductive approach was used to thematically organise and summarise the results from the included articles. Results: A total of 19 publications describing 7 unique studies and 9 different digital health interventions were included. Most studies were conducted in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (n=16). Of nine unique digital health interventions, two served the purpose of predicting risk for adverse maternal health outcomes while seven focused on monitoring high-risk pregnant women for PE/E. Both of these purposes used mobile phone applications as interface to facilitate data collection, decision making, and communication between health workers and pregnant women. The review identified key functions of interventions including data collection, prediction of adverse maternal outcomes, integrated diagnostic and clinical decision support, and personal health tracking. The review reported three major outcomes: maternal health outcomes including maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (n=4); usability and acceptability including ease-of-use, and perceived usefulness, (n=5); and intervention feasibility and fidelity including accuracy of device, and intervention implementation (n=7). Conclusion: Although the current evidence base shows some potential for the use of digital health interventions for PE/E, more prospective experimental and longitudinal studies are needed prior to recommending the use of digital health interventions for PE/E.
MeSH term(s)	Developing Countries ; Eclampsia ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pre-Eclampsia/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prospective Studies ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056130
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Article ; Online: No healthcare coverage, big problem: lack of insurance for older population associated with worse emergency general surgery outcomes.

Abdul Rahim, Komal / Shaikh, Namra Qadeer / Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Afzal, Noreen / Merchant, Asma Altaf Hussain / Mahmood, Saad Bin Zafar / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Ali, Mushyada / Samad, Zainab / Haider, Adil H

Trauma surgery & acute care open

2024 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) e001165

Abstract: Introduction: Older populations, being a unique subset of patients, have poor outcomes for emergency general surgery (EGS). In regions lacking specialized medical coverage for older patients, disparities in healthcare provision lead to poor clinical ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Older populations, being a unique subset of patients, have poor outcomes for emergency general surgery (EGS). In regions lacking specialized medical coverage for older patients, disparities in healthcare provision lead to poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify factors predicting index admission inpatient mortality from EGS among sexagenarians, septuagenarians, and octogenarians. Methods: Data of patients aged >60 years with EGS conditions defined by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma at primary index admission from 2010 to 2019 operated and non-operated at a large South Asian tertiary care hospital were analyzed. The primary outcome was primary index admission inpatient 30-day mortality. Parametric survival regression using Weibull distribution was performed. Factors such as patients' insurance status and surgical intervention were assessed using adjusted HR and 95% CI with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: We included 9551 primary index admissions of patients diagnosed with the nine most common primary EGS conditions. The mean patient age was 69.55±7.59 years. Overall mortality and complication rates were 3.94% and 42.29%, respectively. Primary index admission inpatient mortality was associated with complications including cardiac arrest and septic shock. Multivariable survival analysis showed that insurance status was not associated with mortality (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.79, 1.61) after adjusting for other variables. The odds of developing complications among self-paid individuals were higher (adjusted OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02, 1.35). Conclusion: Lack of healthcare coverage for older adults can result in delayed presentation, leading to increased morbidity. Close attention should be paid to such patients for timely provision of treatment. There is a need to expand primary care access and proper management of comorbidities for overall patient well-being. Government initiatives for expanding insurance coverage for older population can further enhance their healthcare access, mitigating the risk of essential treatments being withheld due to financial limitations. Level of evidence: III.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2397-5776
ISSN (online)	2397-5776
DOI	10.1136/tsaco-2023-001165
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Article ; Online: Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum Reforms in Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study of Academic Leadership Perspectives.

Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Afzal, Noreen / Merchant, Asma Altaf Hussain / Abdul Rahim, Komal / Shaikh, Namra Qadeer / Noorali, Ali Aahil / Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Tariq, Muhammad / Haider, Adil H

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

2024

Abstract: Purpose: Periodic revision of undergraduate medical education (UGME) curricula is an essential part of evidence-based educational practices. Pakistan's national UGME curriculum, last updated in 2005, was reviewed, and recommended updates were made in ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Periodic revision of undergraduate medical education (UGME) curricula is an essential part of evidence-based educational practices. Pakistan's national UGME curriculum, last updated in 2005, was reviewed, and recommended updates were made in 2022. The authors explore academic medical school leaders' perspectives about the proposed reforms, gaps within the existing curriculum, and how to ensure the reform implementation is effective, collaborative, and feedback-driven. Method: Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from April-July 2022. Academic leadership (principals, who could designate vice principals or medical educators) at all medical schools across Pakistan (n = 117) were invited. Agreement with each of 20 proposed reforms was measured via a survey employing a Likert scale. A semi-structured interview guide expanded on the survey questions with probes. Results: Eighty-eight survey responses, from private (59; 67.0%) and public (29; 33.0%) institutions, were obtained (75.2% response rate). Participants recommended most of the proposed reforms. The 3 reforms that received the highest agreement were teaching professionalism as an integral part of the curriculum (83; 94.3%), mandating bedside procedural skills training (80; 90.9%), and including patient safety in the UGME curriculum (79; 89.8%). Including multidisciplinary tumor boards and surgical oncology had the lowest agreement (26; 29.5%). Fifteen interviews were conducted, which revealed 3 major themes: perceptions about changes to the curricular content; limitation of human and financial resources as barriers to reform implementation; and recommendations for effective implementation of an updated curriculum. Conclusions: The findings reflect an overall positive attitude of academic medical school leadership toward the 20 proposed UGME curriculum reforms, which could aid with on-the-ground implementation. However, major limitations, such as a lack of trained faculty and financial resources, must be addressed. The authors propose future research on the resources required for implementing UGME reforms and the reforms' impact after national implementation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	96192-9
ISSN	1938-808X ; 1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
ISSN	1040-2446
DOI	10.1097/ACM.0000000000005683
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Article ; Online: Exploring medical and nursing students' perceptions about a patient safety course: a qualitative study.

Ayub, Farwa / Afzal, Noreen / Ali, Wajid / Asif, Fozia / Ul Hassan, Syed Sabih / Haque, Ghazal / Ahmed, Fasih Ali / Ajani, Khairulnissa / Tharani, Zahra / Jaffer, Mehtab / Haider, Adil H / Aboumatar, Hanan J / Latif, Asad

BMC medical education

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 452

Abstract: Background: Educating health professionals on patient safety can potentially reduce healthcare-associated harm. Patient safety courses have been incorporated into medical and nursing curricula in many high-income countries and their impact has been ... ...

Abstract	Background: Educating health professionals on patient safety can potentially reduce healthcare-associated harm. Patient safety courses have been incorporated into medical and nursing curricula in many high-income countries and their impact has been demonstrated in the literature through objective assessments. This study aimed to explore student perceptions about a patient safety course to assess its influence on aspiring health professionals at a personal level as well as to explore differences in areas of focus between medical and nursing students. Methods: A dedicated patient safety course was introduced for year III medical and year II and IV nursing students at the Aga Khan University (2021-2022). As part of a post-course assessment, 577 participating students (184 medical and 393 nursing) wrote reflections on the course, detailing its influence on them. These free-text responses were thematically analyzed using NVivo. Results: The findings revealed five major themes: acquired skills (clinical, interpersonal), understanding of medical errors (increased awareness, prevention and reduction, responding to errors), personal experiences with patient safety issues, impact of course (changed perceptions, professional integrity, need for similar sessions, importance of the topic) and course feedback (format, preparation for clinical years, suggestions). Students reported a lack of baseline awareness regarding the frequency and consequences of medical errors. After the course, medical students reported a perceptional shift in favor of systems thinking regarding error causality, and nursing students focused on human factors and error prevention. The interactive course format involving scenario-based learning was deemed beneficial in terms of increasing awareness, imparting relevant clinical and interpersonal skills, and changing perspectives on patient safety. Conclusions: Student perspectives illustrate the benefits of an early introduction of dedicated courses in imparting patient safety education to aspiring health professionals. Students reported a lack of baseline awareness of essential patient safety concepts, highlighting gaps in the existing curricula. This study can help provide an impetus for incorporating patient safety as a core component in medical and nursing curricula nationally and across the region. Additionally, patient safety courses can be tailored to emphasize areas identified as gaps among each professional group, and interprofessional education can be employed for shared learning. The authors further recommend conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of such courses.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Safety ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Medical/psychology ; Curriculum ; Male ; Female ; Medical Errors/prevention & control ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Saudi Arabia ; Clinical Competence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-024-05348-8
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Article ; Online: Understanding the mental health impact and needs of public healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Pakistan : a qualitative study.

Hameed, Waqas / Feroz, Anam Shahil / Avan, Bilal Iqbal / Khan, Bushra / Fatmi, Zafar / Afzal, Noreen / Jafri, Hussain / Wassan, Mansoor Ali / Siddiqi, Sameen

BMJ open

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11, Page(s) e061482

Abstract: Objectives: A dearth of qualitative studies constrains in-depth understanding of health service providers' perspectives and experiences regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health. This study explored the mental health impact and needs of of ...

Abstract	Objectives: A dearth of qualitative studies constrains in-depth understanding of health service providers' perspectives and experiences regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health. This study explored the mental health impact and needs of of public sector healthcare workers during COVID-19 who working in secondary-level and tertiary-level healthcare settings of Pakistan. Design: An exploratory qualitative study. Setting: Twenty-five secondary-level and eight tertiary-level public hospitals of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Participants: In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 health service providers and 40 administrative personnel. Study data were analysed on NVivo V.11 using the conventional content analysis technique. Results: The study identified three overarching themes: (1) mental health impact of COVID-19 on health service providers that included the fear of acquiring the infection and transmitting it to their family members, fear of social isolation and stigma, anxiety related to the uncertainty of COVID-19, nervousness due to media exaggeration and stress associated with excessive workload; (2) mental health needs of health service providers involved in the COVID-19 crisis and available support from the healthcare system, including the expression of the need for counselling services and safe working conditions, the need for paid rest periods, and the need for appreciation and motivation to work in the pandemic; and (3) suggestions to address mental health needs of healthcare workers, including provision of specialised mental healthcare/services, formal training of health managers on managing mental health needs of health facility staff, and assessment and addressing of these needs of the health workforce. Conclusion: The study emphasises the need to strengthen health system preparedness for recognising and addressing the needs of healthcare professionals. At the system level, there is a need for a specialised unit to provide mental health services and better communication strategies. At the staff level, continuous motivation and appreciation should be given to healthcare professionals either through monetary incentives or formal acknowledgement of their performance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Health Personnel/education ; Qualitative Research ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061482
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Article ; Online: Leveraging the vantage point - exploring nurses' perception of residents' communication skills: a mixed-methods study.

Rahim, Komal Abdul / Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Afzal, Noreen / Merchant, Asma Altaf Hussain / Shaikh, Namra Qadeer / Noorali, Ali Aahil / Tariq, Umar / Ahmad, Rida / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Mahmood, Saad Bin Zafar / Khan, Muhammad Rizwan / Tariq, Muhammed / Haider, Adil H

BMC medical education

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 148

Abstract: Introduction: Effective communication is key to a successful patient-doctor interaction and improved healthcare outcomes. However, communication skills training in residency is often subpar, leading to inadequate patient-physician communication. There ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Effective communication is key to a successful patient-doctor interaction and improved healthcare outcomes. However, communication skills training in residency is often subpar, leading to inadequate patient-physician communication. There is a dearth of studies exploring the observations of nurses - key members of healthcare teams with a special vantage point to observe the impact of residents' communication with patients. Thus, we aimed to gauge the perceptions of nurses regarding residents' communication skills expertise. Methods: This study employed a sequential mixed-methods design, and was conducted at an academic medical center in South Asia. Quantitative data was collected via a REDCap survey using a structured validated questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression was applied. For qualitative data, In-depth interviews were conducted with nurses using a semi-structured interview guide. Results: A total of 193 survey responses were obtained from nurses hailing from various specialties including Family Medicine (n = 16), Surgery (n = 27), Internal Medicine (n = 22), Pediatrics (n = 27), and Obstetrics/Gynecology (n = 93). Nurses rated long working hours, infrastructural deficits, and human failings as the main barriers to effective patient-resident communication. Residents working in in-patient settings were more likely to have inadequate communication skills (P-value = 0.160). Qualitative data analysis of nine in-depth interviews revealed two major themes: existing status-quo of residents' communication skills (including deficient verbal and non-verbal communication, bias in patient counselling and challenging patients) and recommendations for improving patient-resident communication. Conclusion: The findings from this study highlight significant gaps in patient-resident communication from the perception of nurses and identify the need for creating a holistic curriculum for residents to improve patient-physician interaction.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Child ; Research Design ; Communication ; Family Practice ; Perception ; Nurses
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2044473-4
ISSN	1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
ISSN (online)	1472-6920
ISSN	1472-6920
DOI	10.1186/s12909-023-04114-6
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Article ; Online: Health data ecosystem in Pakistan: a multisectoral qualitative assessment of needs and opportunities.

Mahmood, Sana / Noorali, Ali Aahil / Manji, Afshan / Afzal, Noreen / Abbas, Saadia / Qamar, Javeria Bilal / Siddiqi, Sameen / Hoodbhoy, Zahra / Virani, Salim S / Bhutta, Zulfiqar A / Samad, Zainab

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 9, Page(s) e071616

Abstract: Objective: Data are essential for tracking and monitoring of progress on health-related sustainable development goals (SDGs). But the capacity to analyse subnational and granular data is limited in low and middle-income countries. Although Pakistan lags ...

Abstract	Objective: Data are essential for tracking and monitoring of progress on health-related sustainable development goals (SDGs). But the capacity to analyse subnational and granular data is limited in low and middle-income countries. Although Pakistan lags behind on achieving several health-related SDGs, its health information capacity is nascent. Through an exploratory qualitative approach, we aimed to understand the current landscape and perceptions on data in decision-making among stakeholders of the health data ecosystem in Pakistan. Design: We used an exploratory qualitative study design. Setting: This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Participants: We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with multidisciplinary and multisectoral stakeholders from academia, hospital management, government, Non-governmental organisations and other relevant private entities till thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, followed by thematic analysis using NVivo. Results: Thematic analysis of 15 in-depth interviews revealed three major themes: (1) institutions are collecting data but face barriers to its effective utilisation for decision-making. These include lack of collection of needs-responsive data, lack of a gender/equity in data collection efforts, inadequate digitisation, data reliability and limited analytical ability; (2) there is openness and enthusiasm for sharing data for advancing health; however, multiple barriers hinder this including appropriate regulatory frameworks, platforms for sharing data, interoperability and defined win-win scenarios; (3) there is limited capacity in the area of both human capital and infrastructure, for being able to use data to advance health, but there is appetite to improve and invest in capacity in this area. Conclusions: Our study identified key areas of focus that can contribute to orient a national health data roadmap and ecosystem in Pakistan.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Data Collection ; Pakistan ; Reproducibility of Results ; Needs Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071616
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Article ; Online: Barriers to research productivity amongst postgraduate trainees: results from a survey of 333 medical and surgical residents.

Bakhshi, Saqib K / Abdul Rahim, Komal / Merchant, Asma A H / Afzal, Noreen / Qadeer Shaikh, Namra / Noorali, Ali A / Lakhdir, Maryam P A / Mahmood, Saad B Z / Tariq, Muhammad / Haider, Adil H

Postgraduate medical journal

2023 Volume 99, Issue 1177, Page(s) 1182–1188

Abstract: Purpose: We aimed to determine the perceptions of, barriers to, and predictors of research engagement amongst residents at a national level in Pakistan.: Methods: This cross-sectional study used REDCap for online survey dissemination to residents ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: We aimed to determine the perceptions of, barriers to, and predictors of research engagement amongst residents at a national level in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study used REDCap for online survey dissemination to residents from 12 institutes accredited by the national accreditation body (College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan) for core medical and surgical specialties. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between likelihood of publications and participant characteristics. Results: The response rate was 79% (333/423), with 171 (51%) medical and 162 (49%) surgical residents. The mean ± standard deviation age was 28.8 ± 2.7 years; 137 (41%) were males and 195 (59%) females. More than half the residents, 202 (61%), had received research training, but 189 (57%) scored <33% on basic research knowledge. While most residents agreed on the positive impact of research on their careers (P = .012) and realized that they should be involved in it (P = .33), they also strongly believed that it was difficult to engage in research during training (P < .01). Only 60 (18%) trainees had published a paper in local and 37 (11%) in international journals, respectively. The most significant barriers to conducting research included time limitation due to clinical work, lack of financial support, and unavailability of data (P < .01). Conclusion: Residents have a positive attitude towards research. However, research engagement among residents is low. Improving research mentorship and creating systems that enable protected time and institutional access to data are needed to increase research output of postgraduate trainees. Key messages What is already known on this topic Postgraduate trainees benefit academically from research conducted during residency training. However, in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, research output among residents has remained low over the years. The nation has consistently produced very little research. What this study adds The current study helped shed light on the reasons for low research productivity amongst medical and surgical residents in Pakistan. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy The potential predictors for low research involvement highlighted in this study necessitate modification of the existing national residency curriculum to increase research engagement and productivity among residents. Not only can the potential factors be improved, but the study also helps in bringing stakeholders' attention to increasing research opportunities in Pakistan.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80325-x
ISSN	1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
ISSN (online)	1469-0756
ISSN	0032-5473
DOI	10.1093/postmj/qgad062
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Article ; Online: Disparities in patient-resident physician communication and counseling: A multi-perspective exploratory qualitative study.

Merchant, Asma Altaf Hussain / Shaikh, Namra Qadeer / Afzal, Noreen / Noorali, Ali Aahil / Abdul Rahim, Komal / Ahmad, Rida / Ahmer, Areesha / Khan, Adnan Ali / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Mahmood, Saad Bin Zafar / Lakhdir, Maryam Pyar Ali / Khan, Muhammad Rizwan / Tariq, Muhammad / Haider, Adil H

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0288549

Abstract: Effective communication between physicians and patients plays an integral role in clinical care. Gaps in a physician's ability to ensure effective communication, especially with patients from diverse backgrounds, are known causes of medical errors. This ... ...

Abstract	Effective communication between physicians and patients plays an integral role in clinical care. Gaps in a physician's ability to ensure effective communication, especially with patients from diverse backgrounds, are known causes of medical errors. This study explores the potential biases and disparities in patient-resident communication, which may influence a patient's quality of care. This exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the largest academic medical center in Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used to approach participants from surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics and family medicine. Faculty, fellows and residents working in these departments and medical students in their fourth and fifth years of undergraduate education with prior experience of at least one month in these specialties during their clinical rotations were included. Focus group discussions (FGDs) lasting 45-60 minutes were conducted with each cohort of healthcare professionals separately, using a semi-structured interview guide. Sixty participants (19 males and 41 females, mean age: 32.9, SD: 10.9) took part in the study. Thematic analysis revealed five major themes. Four themes focused on residents' biases and patient disparities hindering patient-resident communication: (1) patient-resident gender discordance (2) ethnicity and language barriers, (3) differing social class of the patient, and (4) challenging patient-resident interactions (patients resistant to treatment, exceedingly inquisitive and those with multiple attendants, etc.). The fifth theme identified the need for a communication skills curriculum in postgraduate medical education. Opposite gender and discordant socioeconomic/cultural backgrounds of patients pose a challenge to effective patient-physician communication. Self-identification and awareness of residents' biases when interacting with patients can ensure their active elimination and improve their communication skills. Integrating these components in a standardized curriculum within postgraduate programs can enable resident-physicians to provide the same level of care and communicate more efficiently with patients of all backgrounds.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Adult ; Internship and Residency ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Curriculum ; Counseling ; Physicians ; Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0288549
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Article ; Online: Correction: Exploration of Novel Inhibitors for Class I Histone Deacetylase Isoforms by QSAR Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Assays.

Noor, Zainab / Afzal, Noreen / Rashid, Sajid

PloS one

2015 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) e0143155

Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0143155
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