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  1. AU="Aggarwal, Samarth"
  2. AU="Lee E. Brown"
  3. AU="Breen, G"
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  1. Artikel ; Online: Fast and slow: Recording neuromodulator dynamics across both transient and chronic time scales.

    Ma, Pingchuan / Chen, Peter / Tilden, Elizabeth I / Aggarwal, Samarth / Oldenborg, Anna / Chen, Yao

    Science advances

    2024  Band 10, Heft 8, Seite(n) eadi0643

    Abstract: Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic and phasic neuromodulator release. However, no method could simultaneously record ... ...

    Abstract Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic and phasic neuromodulator release. However, no method could simultaneously record both types of dynamics. Fluorescence lifetime of optical reporters could offer a solution because it allows high temporal resolution and is impervious to sensor expression differences across chronic periods. Nevertheless, no fluorescence lifetime change across the entire classes of neuromodulator sensors was previously known. Unexpectedly, we find that several intensity-based neuromodulator sensors also exhibit fluorescence lifetime responses. Furthermore, we show that lifetime measures in vivo neuromodulator dynamics both with high temporal resolution and with consistency across animals and time. Thus, we report a method that can simultaneously measure neuromodulator change over transient and chronic time scales, promising to reveal the roles of multi-time scale neuromodulator dynamics in diseases, in response to therapies, and across development and aging.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Aging
    Chemische Substanzen Neurotransmitter Agents
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-02-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adi0643
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Reinforcement learning deficits exhibited by postnatal PCP-treated rats enable deep neural network classification.

    Tranter, Michael M / Aggarwal, Samarth / Young, Jared W / Dillon, Daniel G / Barnes, Samuel A

    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

    2022  Band 48, Heft 9, Seite(n) 1377–1385

    Abstract: The ability to appropriately update the value of a given action is a critical component of flexible decision making. Several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, are associated with impairments in flexible decision making that can be evaluated ...

    Abstract The ability to appropriately update the value of a given action is a critical component of flexible decision making. Several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, are associated with impairments in flexible decision making that can be evaluated using the probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) task. The PRL task has been reverse-translated for use in rodents. Disrupting glutamate neurotransmission during early postnatal neurodevelopment in rodents has induced behavioral, cognitive, and neuropathophysiological abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that using the NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) to disrupt postnatal glutamatergic transmission in rats would lead to impaired decision making in the PRL. Consistent with this hypothesis, compared to controls the postnatal PCP-treated rats completed fewer reversals and exhibited disruptions in reward and punishment sensitivity (i.e., win-stay and lose-shift responding, respectively). Moreover, computational analysis of behavior revealed that postnatal PCP-treatment resulted in a pronounced impairment in the learning rate throughout PRL testing. Finally, a deep neural network (DNN) trained on the rodent behavior could accurately predict the treatment group of subjects. These data demonstrate that disrupting early postnatal glutamatergic neurotransmission impairs flexible decision making and provides evidence that DNNs can be trained on behavioral datasets to accurately predict the treatment group of new subjects, highlighting the potential for DNNs to aid in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Rats ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Schizophrenia/chemically induced ; Reversal Learning ; Synaptic Transmission ; Reward
    Chemische Substanzen Phencyclidine (J1DOI7UV76)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-12
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639471-1
    ISSN 1740-634X ; 0893-133X
    ISSN (online) 1740-634X
    ISSN 0893-133X
    DOI 10.1038/s41386-022-01514-y
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Varifocal Metalens Using Tunable and Ultralow-loss Dielectrics.

    Wang, Mengyun / Lee, June Sang / Aggarwal, Samarth / Farmakidis, Nikolaos / He, Yuhan / Cheng, Tangsheng / Bhaskaran, Harish

    Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    2023  Band 10, Heft 6, Seite(n) e2204899

    Abstract: The field of flat optics that uses nanostructured, so-called metasurfaces, has seen remarkable progress over the last decade. Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a promising platform for realizing reconfigurable metasurfaces, as their ... ...

    Abstract The field of flat optics that uses nanostructured, so-called metasurfaces, has seen remarkable progress over the last decade. Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a promising platform for realizing reconfigurable metasurfaces, as their optical properties can be reversibly tuned. Yet, demonstrations of phase-change metalenses to date have employed material compositions such as Ge
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-01-03
    Erscheinungsland Germany
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2808093-2
    ISSN 2198-3844 ; 2198-3844
    ISSN (online) 2198-3844
    ISSN 2198-3844
    DOI 10.1002/advs.202204899
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel: High-Quality Amorphous Silicon Carbide for Hybrid Photonic Integration Deposited at a Low Temperature.

    Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno / van der Kolk, Roald / Aggarwal, Samarth / Sharma, Naresh / Li, Zizheng / van der Plaats, Daniel / Scholte, Thomas / Chang, Jin / Gröblacher, Simon / Pereira, Silvania F / Bhaskaran, Harish / Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil

    ACS photonics

    2023  Band 10, Heft 10, Seite(n) 3748–3754

    Abstract: Integrated photonic platforms have proliferated in recent years, each demonstrating its unique strengths and shortcomings. Given the processing incompatibilities of different platforms, a formidable challenge in the field of integrated photonics still ... ...

    Abstract Integrated photonic platforms have proliferated in recent years, each demonstrating its unique strengths and shortcomings. Given the processing incompatibilities of different platforms, a formidable challenge in the field of integrated photonics still remains for combining the strengths of different optical materials in one hybrid integrated platform. Silicon carbide is a material of great interest because of its high refractive index, strong second- and third-order nonlinearities, and broad transparency window in the visible and near-infrared range. However, integrating silicon carbide (SiC) has been difficult, and current approaches rely on transfer bonding techniques that are time-consuming, expensive, and lacking precision in layer thickness. Here, we demonstrate high-index amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) films deposited at 150 °C and verify the high performance of the platform by fabricating standard photonic waveguides and ring resonators. The intrinsic quality factors of single-mode ring resonators were in the range of
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2330-4022
    ISSN 2330-4022
    DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00968
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking.

    Lal, Neeraj K / Le, Phuong / Aggarwal, Samarth / Zhang, Alan / Wang, Kristina / Qi, Tianbo / Pang, Zhengyuan / Yang, Dong / Nudell, Victoria / Yeo, Gene W / Banks, Alexander S / Ye, Li

    Nature

    2023  Band 621, Heft 7977, Seite(n) 138–145

    Abstract: Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic ... ...

    Abstract Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Mice ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Thalamus/anatomy & histology ; Thalamus/cytology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/cytology ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Thermogenesis/physiology
    Chemische Substanzen Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Fos protein, mouse
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-16
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-06430-9
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    Zs.A 26: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
    Zs.MG 9: Hefte anzeigen
    Zs.MO 244: Hefte anzeigen

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Scalable High-Precision Trimming of Photonic Resonances by Polymer Exposure to Energetic Beams.

    Farmakidis, Nikolaos / Yu, Hao / Lee, June Sang / Feldmann, Johannes / Wang, Mengyun / He, Yuhan / Aggarwal, Samarth / Dong, Bowei / Pernice, Wolfram H P / Bhaskaran, Harish

    Nano letters

    2023  Band 23, Heft 11, Seite(n) 4800–4806

    Abstract: Integrated photonic circuits (PICs) have seen an explosion in interest, through to commercialization in the past decade. Most PICs rely on sharp resonances to modulate, steer, and multiplex signals. However, the spectral characteristics of high-quality ... ...

    Abstract Integrated photonic circuits (PICs) have seen an explosion in interest, through to commercialization in the past decade. Most PICs rely on sharp resonances to modulate, steer, and multiplex signals. However, the spectral characteristics of high-quality resonances are highly sensitive to small variations in fabrication and material constants, which limits their applicability. Active tuning mechanisms are commonly employed to account for such deviations, consuming energy and occupying valuable chip real estate. Readily employable, accurate, and highly scalable mechanisms to tailor the modal properties of photonic integrated circuits are urgently required. Here, we present an elegant and powerful solution to achieve this in a scalable manner during the semiconductor fabrication process using existing lithography tools: by exploiting the volume shrinkage exhibited by certain polymers to permanently modulate the waveguide's effective index. This technique enables broadband and lossless tuning with immediate applicability in wide-ranging applications in optical computing, telecommunications, and free-space optics.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-17
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 1530-6992
    ISSN (online) 1530-6992
    DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00220
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel: Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking.

    Lal, Neeraj K / Le, Phuong / Aggarwal, Samarth / Zhang, Alan / Wang, Kristina / Qi, Tianbo / Pang, Zhengyuan / Yang, Dong / Nudell, Victoria / Yeo, Gene W / Banks, Alexander S / Ye, Li

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioral and metabolic ... ...

    Abstract Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioral and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which is primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we use whole-brain cFos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-18
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.03.16.533067
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Buch ; Online: IMoJIE

    Kolluru, Keshav / Aggarwal, Samarth / Rathore, Vipul / Mausam / Chakrabarti, Soumen

    Iterative Memory-Based Joint Open Information Extraction

    2020  

    Abstract: While traditional systems for Open Information Extraction were statistical and rule-based, recently neural models have been introduced for the task. Our work builds upon CopyAttention, a sequence generation OpenIE model (Cui et. al., 2018). Our analysis ... ...

    Abstract While traditional systems for Open Information Extraction were statistical and rule-based, recently neural models have been introduced for the task. Our work builds upon CopyAttention, a sequence generation OpenIE model (Cui et. al., 2018). Our analysis reveals that CopyAttention produces a constant number of extractions per sentence, and its extracted tuples often express redundant information. We present IMoJIE, an extension to CopyAttention, which produces the next extraction conditioned on all previously extracted tuples. This approach overcomes both shortcomings of CopyAttention, resulting in a variable number of diverse extractions per sentence. We train IMoJIE on training data bootstrapped from extractions of several non-neural systems, which have been automatically filtered to reduce redundancy and noise. IMoJIE outperforms CopyAttention by about 18 F1 pts, and a BERT-based strong baseline by 2 F1 pts, establishing a new state of the art for the task.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 006
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-05-17
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Buch ; Online: OpenIE6

    Kolluru, Keshav / Adlakha, Vaibhav / Aggarwal, Samarth / Mausam / Chakrabarti, Soumen

    Iterative Grid Labeling and Coordination Analysis for Open Information Extraction

    2020  

    Abstract: A recent state-of-the-art neural open information extraction (OpenIE) system generates extractions iteratively, requiring repeated encoding of partial outputs. This comes at a significant computational cost. On the other hand, sequence labeling ... ...

    Abstract A recent state-of-the-art neural open information extraction (OpenIE) system generates extractions iteratively, requiring repeated encoding of partial outputs. This comes at a significant computational cost. On the other hand, sequence labeling approaches for OpenIE are much faster, but worse in extraction quality. In this paper, we bridge this trade-off by presenting an iterative labeling-based system that establishes a new state of the art for OpenIE, while extracting 10x faster. This is achieved through a novel Iterative Grid Labeling (IGL) architecture, which treats OpenIE as a 2-D grid labeling task. We improve its performance further by applying coverage (soft) constraints on the grid at training time. Moreover, on observing that the best OpenIE systems falter at handling coordination structures, our OpenIE system also incorporates a new coordination analyzer built with the same IGL architecture. This IGL based coordination analyzer helps our OpenIE system handle complicated coordination structures, while also establishing a new state of the art on the task of coordination analysis, with a 12.3 pts improvement in F1 over previous analyzers. Our OpenIE system, OpenIE6, beats the previous systems by as much as 4 pts in F1, while being much faster.

    Comment: EMNLP 2020 (Long)
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 006
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-10-07
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Exploiting rotational asymmetry for sub-50 nm mechanical nanocalligraphy.

    Farmakidis, Nikolaos / Swett, Jacob L / Youngblood, Nathan / Li, Xuan / Evangeli, Charalambos / Aggarwal, Samarth / Mol, Jan A / Bhaskaran, Harish

    Microsystems & nanoengineering

    2021  Band 7, Seite(n) 84

    Abstract: Nanofabrication has experienced extraordinary progress in the area of lithography-led processes over the last decades, although versatile and adaptable techniques addressing a wide spectrum of materials are still nascent. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) ...

    Abstract Nanofabrication has experienced extraordinary progress in the area of lithography-led processes over the last decades, although versatile and adaptable techniques addressing a wide spectrum of materials are still nascent. Scanning probe lithography (SPL) offers the capability to readily pattern sub-100 nm structures on many surfaces; however, the technique does not scale to dense and multi-lengthscale structures. Here, we demonstrate a technique, which we term nanocalligraphy scanning probe lithography (nc-SPL), that overcomes these limitations. Nc-SPL employs an asymmetric tip and exploits its rotational asymmetry to generate structures spanning the micron to nanometer lengthscales through real-time linewidth tuning. Using specialized tip geometries and by precisely controlling the patterning direction, we demonstrate sub-50 nm patterns while simultaneously improving on throughput, tip longevity, and reliability compared to conventional SPL. We further show that nc-SPL can be employed in both positive and negative tone patterning modes, in contrast to conventional SPL. This underlines the potential of this technique for processing sensitive surfaces such as 2D materials, which are prone to tip-induced shear or beam-induced damage.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-10-20
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2055-7434
    ISSN (online) 2055-7434
    DOI 10.1038/s41378-021-00300-y
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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