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Book ; Online: Sea Urchin

Agnello, Maria

From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine

2017

Keywords	Aquaculture & fish-farming: practice & techniques ; neurodegeneration, ecology, proteins, lipids, eutrophication, phytoplankton
Language	English
Size	1 electronic resource (154 pages)
Publisher	IntechOpen
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030646420
ISBN	9789535146360 ; 953514636X
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Mitochondria during sea urchin oogenesis.

Agnello, Maria / Roccheri, Maria Carmela / Morici, Giovanni / Rinaldi, Anna Maria

Zygote (Cambridge, England)

2017 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 205–214

Abstract: Sea urchin represents an ideal model for studies on fertilization and early development, but the achievement of egg competence and mitochondrial behaviour during oogenesis remain to be enlightened. Oocytes of echinoid, such as sea urchin, unlike other ... ...

Abstract	Sea urchin represents an ideal model for studies on fertilization and early development, but the achievement of egg competence and mitochondrial behaviour during oogenesis remain to be enlightened. Oocytes of echinoid, such as sea urchin, unlike other echinoderms and other systems, complete meiotic maturation before fertilization. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, contain a multi-copy of the maternally inherited genome, and are involved directly at several levels in the reproductive processes, as their functional status influences the quality of oocytes and contributes to fertilization and embryogenesis. In the present paper, we report our latest data on mitochondrial distribution, content and activity during Paracentrotus lividus oogenesis. The analyses were carried out using confocal microscopy, in vivo incubating oocytes at different maturation stages with specific probes for mitochondria and mtDNA, and by immunodetection of Hsp56, a well known mitochondrial marker. Results show a parallel rise of mitochondrial mass and activity, and, especially in the larger oocytes, close to germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown, a considerable increase in organelle activity around the GV, undoubtedly for an energetic aim. In the mature eggs, mitochondrial activity decreases, in agreement with their basal metabolism. Further and significant information was achieved by studying the mitochondrial chaperonin Hsp56 and mtDNA. Results show a high increase of both Hsp56 and mtDNA. Taken together these results demonstrate that during oogenesis a parallel rise of different mitochondrial parameters, such as mass, activity, Hsp56 and mtDNA occurs, highlighting important tools in the establishment of developmental competence.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Oocytes/cytology ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oogenesis/physiology ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Sea Urchins ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins (EC 5.2.1.-) ; tacrolimus binding protein 4 (EC 5.2.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1166294-3
ISSN	1469-8730 ; 0967-1994
ISSN (online)	1469-8730
ISSN	0967-1994
DOI	10.1017/S0967199417000065
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Article ; Online: Apoptosis: Focus on sea urchin development.

Agnello, Maria / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death

2010 Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 322–330

Abstract: It has been proposed that the apoptosis is an essential requirement for the evolution of all animals, in fact the apoptotic program is highly conserved from nematodes to mammals. Throughout development, apoptosis is employed by multicellular organisms to ...

Abstract	It has been proposed that the apoptosis is an essential requirement for the evolution of all animals, in fact the apoptotic program is highly conserved from nematodes to mammals. Throughout development, apoptosis is employed by multicellular organisms to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells. Here, we will discuss both developmental programmed cell death (PCD) under normal conditions and stress induced apoptosis, in sea urchin embryos. Sea urchin represent an excellent model system for studying embryogenesis and cellular processes involved in metamorphosis. PCD plays an essential role in sculpting and remodelling the embryos and larvae undergoing metamorphosis. Moreover, this marine organism directly interacts with its environment, and is susceptible to effects of several aquatic contaminants. Apoptosis can be adopted as a defence mechanism against any environmental chemical, physical and mechanical stress, for removing irreversibly damaged cells. This review, while not comprehensive in its reporting, aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on mechanisms to regulate physiological and the induced apoptotic program in sea urchin embryos.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Evolution, Molecular ; Sea Urchins/cytology ; Sea Urchins/embryology ; Sea Urchins/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1452360-7
ISSN	1573-675X ; 1360-8185
ISSN (online)	1573-675X
ISSN	1360-8185
DOI	10.1007/s10495-009-0420-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mitochondria during sea urchin oogenesis

Agnello, Maria / Morici, Giovanni / Rinaldi, Anna Maria / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Zygote. 2017 Apr., v. 25, no. 2

2017

Abstract	Sea urchin represents an ideal model for studies on fertilization and early development, but the achievement of egg competence and mitochondrial behaviour during oogenesis remain to be enlightened. Oocytes of echinoid, such as sea urchin, unlike other echinoderms and other systems, complete meiotic maturation before fertilization. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, contain a multi-copy of the maternally inherited genome, and are involved directly at several levels in the reproductive processes, as their functional status influences the quality of oocytes and contributes to fertilization and embryogenesis. In the present paper, we report our latest data on mitochondrial distribution, content and activity during Paracentrotus lividus oogenesis. The analyses were carried out using confocal microscopy, in vivo incubating oocytes at different maturation stages with specific probes for mitochondria and mtDNA, and by immunodetection of Hsp56, a well known mitochondrial marker. Results show a parallel rise of mitochondrial mass and activity, and, especially in the larger oocytes, close to germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown, a considerable increase in organelle activity around the GV, undoubtedly for an energetic aim. In the mature eggs, mitochondrial activity decreases, in agreement with their basal metabolism. Further and significant information was achieved by studying the mitochondrial chaperonin Hsp56 and mtDNA. Results show a high increase of both Hsp56 and mtDNA. Taken together these results demonstrate that during oogenesis a parallel rise of different mitochondrial parameters, such as mass, activity, Hsp56 and mtDNA occurs, highlighting important tools in the establishment of developmental competence.
Keywords	basal metabolism ; chaperonins ; confocal microscopy ; early development ; eggs ; embryogenesis ; eukaryotic cells ; functional status ; genome ; germinal vesicle ; inheritance (genetics) ; meiosis ; mitochondria ; mitochondrial DNA ; models ; oogenesis ; Paracentrotus lividus ; zygote
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-04
Size	p. 205-214.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1166294-3
ISSN	1469-8730 ; 0967-1994
ISSN (online)	1469-8730
ISSN	0967-1994
DOI	10.1017/S0967199417000065
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Apoptosis: focus on sea urchin development

Agnello, Maria / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Apoptosis. 2010 Mar., v. 15, no. 3

2010

Abstract	It has been proposed that the apoptosis is an essential requirement for the evolution of all animals, in fact the apoptotic program is highly conserved from nematodes to mammals. Throughout development, apoptosis is employed by multicellular organisms to eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells. Here, we will discuss both developmental programmed cell death (PCD) under normal conditions and stress induced apoptosis, in sea urchin embryos. Sea urchin represent an excellent model system for studying embryogenesis and cellular processes involved in metamorphosis. PCD plays an essential role in sculpting and remodelling the embryos and larvae undergoing metamorphosis. Moreover, this marine organism directly interacts with its environment, and is susceptible to effects of several aquatic contaminants. Apoptosis can be adopted as a defence mechanism against any environmental chemical, physical and mechanical stress, for removing irreversibly damaged cells. This review, while not comprehensive in its reporting, aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on mechanisms to regulate physiological and the induced apoptotic program in sea urchin embryos.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-03
Size	p. 322-330.
Publisher	Springer US
Publishing place	Boston
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1452360-7
ISSN	1360-8185
ISSN	1360-8185
DOI	10.1007/s10495-009-0420-0
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Autophagy is required for sea urchin oogenesis and early development

Agnello, Maria / Bosco, Liana / Chiarelli, Roberto / Martino, Chiara / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Zygote. 2016 Dec., v. 24, no. 6

2016

Abstract: Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components. Emerging evidence has demonstrated its crucial role during the embryo development of invertebrates and vertebrates. We recently demonstrated a massive ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components. Emerging evidence has demonstrated its crucial role during the embryo development of invertebrates and vertebrates. We recently demonstrated a massive activation of autophagy in Paracentrotus lividus embryos under cadmium stress conditions, and the existence of a temporal relationship between induced autophagy and apoptosis. Although there have been numerous studies on the role of autophagy in the development of different organisms, information on the autophagic process during oogenesis or at the start of development in marine invertebrates is very limited. Here we report our recent data on the occurrence of autophagy at these key phases of development. In order to investigate autophagy trends we performed in vivo assays to detect autophagolysomes, as well as in situ analysis with anti-LC3 antibody to detect autophagosomes before the fusion with lysosomes. From data generated through confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantification of autophagic signals we have drawn several unequivocal conclusions. The results showed a copious and rising number of autophagic organelles that had specific localization. Interestingly the increase in autophagy that occurred just after fertilization has been proved to be crucial for correct initiation of the developmental programme: irreversible developmental delays and morphologic anomalies were induced by short autophagic inhibition. This work focused on the sea urchin model system and corroborates evidence on the need for self-digestion during development, enriching the knowledge on autophagy, a biological mechanism belonging to evolutionarily different organisms.
Keywords	antibodies ; apoptosis ; aquatic invertebrates ; autophagy ; cadmium ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; early development ; embryogenesis ; lysosomes ; models ; oogenesis ; Paracentrotus lividus ; vertebrates ; zygote
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-12
Size	p. 918-926.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1166294-3
ISSN	1469-8730 ; 0967-1994
ISSN (online)	1469-8730
ISSN	0967-1994
DOI	10.1017/S0967199416000253
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Autophagy is required for sea urchin oogenesis and early development.

Agnello, Maria / Chiarelli, Roberto / Martino, Chiara / Bosco, Liana / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Zygote (Cambridge, England)

2016 Volume 24, Issue 6, Page(s) 918–926

Abstract	Autophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components. Emerging evidence has demonstrated its crucial role during the embryo development of invertebrates and vertebrates. We recently demonstrated a massive activation of autophagy in Paracentrotus lividus embryos under cadmium stress conditions, and the existence of a temporal relationship between induced autophagy and apoptosis. Although there have been numerous studies on the role of autophagy in the development of different organisms, information on the autophagic process during oogenesis or at the start of development in marine invertebrates is very limited. Here we report our recent data on the occurrence of autophagy at these key phases of development. In order to investigate autophagy trends we performed in vivo assays to detect autophagolysomes, as well as in situ analysis with anti-LC3 antibody to detect autophagosomes before the fusion with lysosomes. From data generated through confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantification of autophagic signals we have drawn several unequivocal conclusions. The results showed a copious and rising number of autophagic organelles that had specific localization. Interestingly the increase in autophagy that occurred just after fertilization has been proved to be crucial for correct initiation of the developmental programme: irreversible developmental delays and morphologic anomalies were induced by short autophagic inhibition. This work focused on the sea urchin model system and corroborates evidence on the need for self-digestion during development, enriching the knowledge on autophagy, a biological mechanism belonging to evolutionarily different organisms.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/immunology ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Oocytes/cytology ; Oocytes/drug effects ; Oocytes/physiology ; Paracentrotus/embryology
Chemical Substances	Macrolides ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; bafilomycin A1 (88899-55-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1166294-3
ISSN	1469-8730 ; 0967-1994
ISSN (online)	1469-8730
ISSN	0967-1994
DOI	10.1017/S0967199416000253
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Article ; Online: Sea urchin embryos as a model system for studying autophagy induced by cadmium stress.

Chiarelli, Roberto / Agnello, Maria / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Autophagy

2011 Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) 1028–1034

Abstract: It is well known that sea urchin embryos are able to activate different defense strategies against stress. We previously demonstrated that cadmium treatment triggers the accumulation of metal in embryonic cells and the activation of defense systems ... ...

Abstract	It is well known that sea urchin embryos are able to activate different defense strategies against stress. We previously demonstrated that cadmium treatment triggers the accumulation of metal in embryonic cells and the activation of defense systems depending on concentration and exposure time, through the synthesis of heat shock proteins and/or the initiation of apoptosis. Here we show that Paracentrotus lividus embryos exposed to Cd adopt autophagy as an additional stratagem to safeguard the developmental program. At present, there are no data focusing on the role of this process in embryo development of marine organisms.
MeSH term(s)	Acridine Orange/metabolism ; Animals ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Densitometry ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Immunoblotting ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neutral Red/metabolism ; Organelles/drug effects ; Organelles/metabolism ; Paracentrotus/cytology ; Paracentrotus/drug effects ; Paracentrotus/embryology ; Staining and Labeling ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Neutral Red (261QK3SSBH) ; Acridine Orange (F30N4O6XVV)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2454135-7
ISSN	1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
ISSN (online)	1554-8635
ISSN	1554-8627
DOI	10.4161/auto.7.9.16450
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Article ; Online: Autophagy as a defense strategy against stress: focus on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium.

Chiarelli, Roberto / Martino, Chiara / Agnello, Maria / Bosco, Liana / Roccheri, Maria Carmela

Cell stress & chaperones

2015 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–27

Abstract: Autophagy is used by organisms as a defense strategy to face environmental stress. This mechanism has been described as one of the most important intracellular pathways responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. It can act ... ...

Abstract	Autophagy is used by organisms as a defense strategy to face environmental stress. This mechanism has been described as one of the most important intracellular pathways responsible for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. It can act as a cell survival mechanism if the cellular damage is not too extensive or as a cell death mechanism if the damage/stress is irreversible; in the latter case, it can operate as an independent pathway or together with the apoptotic one. In this review, we discuss the autophagic process activated in several aquatic organisms exposed to different types of environmental stressors, focusing on the sea urchin embryo, a suitable system recently included into the guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays to monitor autophagy. After cadmium (Cd) exposure, a heavy metal recognized as an environmental toxicant, the sea urchin embryo is able to adopt different defense mechanisms, in a hierarchical way. Among these, autophagy is one of the main responses activated to preserve the developmental program. Finally, we discuss the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the sea urchin embryo, a temporal and functional choice that depends on the intensity of stress conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Paracentrotus/embryology ; Stress, Physiological/physiology
Chemical Substances	Cadmium (00BH33GNGH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1362749-1
ISSN	1466-1268 ; 1355-8145
ISSN (online)	1466-1268
ISSN	1355-8145
DOI	10.1007/s12192-015-0639-3
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Article ; Online: Cadmium effects on p38/MAPK isoforms in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells.

Casano, Caterina / Agnello, Maria / Sirchia, Rosalia / Luparello, Claudio

Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine

2010 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–92

Abstract: Emerging evidence seems to indicate that the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity in normal and pathological eukaryotic cells, also affecting intracellular ... ...

Abstract	Emerging evidence seems to indicate that the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is able to regulate gene expression, drastically affecting the pattern of transcriptional activity in normal and pathological eukaryotic cells, also affecting intracellular signalization events. Human p38 is a family of mitogen-activated protein kinases consisting of four isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) which mediate signal transduction cascades controlling several aspects of cell physiology. In this study we examined whether exposure of MDA-MB231 tumor cells from the human breast to Cd may exert some effect on p38 isoform expression and accumulation, as well as on p38 activation. Employing a combination of proliferation tests, conventional and semiquantitative multiplex (SM)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot assays, we report that the treatment of breast cancer cells with 5 microM CdCl(2) induces a diversified modulation of the transcription patterns of p38 isoform genes and of the accumulation of the related protein products, which are, on the other hand, also affected by alpha and beta isoform functional inactivation induced by SB203580. Our findings suggest the existence of so far unexplored mechanisms of gene regulation in our model system and validate that MDA-MB231 cell line is a suitable in vitro model for further and more detailed studies on the intracellular mechanisms underlying the control of p38 expression, synthesis and activation in mammary tumor cells exposed to different stresses.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/enzymology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects ; Humans ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transcriptional Activation/drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Imidazoles ; Isoenzymes ; Pyridines ; Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; SB 203580 (OU13V1EYWQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1112688-7
ISSN	1572-8773 ; 0966-0844
ISSN (online)	1572-8773
ISSN	0966-0844
DOI	10.1007/s10534-009-9268-6
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