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Article: Impact of Intensive Physiotherapy on an Adolescent with Severe Genu Valgum Deformities: A Case Report.

Agrawal, Ayush S / Phansopkar, Pratik

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e33907

Abstract: The genu valgum is one of the anomalies of the lower extremities in the coronal plane (knocked knees). Children might be vulnerable to it as well. It may also be hereditary, with females being more likely to develop it. A 14-year-old female patient had ... ...

Abstract	The genu valgum is one of the anomalies of the lower extremities in the coronal plane (knocked knees). Children might be vulnerable to it as well. It may also be hereditary, with females being more likely to develop it. A 14-year-old female patient had severe genu valgum anomalies of the bilateral lower extremities. The patient is in pain, unable to stand, and sit on the ground. On the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), the level of pain was rated as 8/10 while activity and 5/10 during rest. The patient received physiotherapy treatment for a total of six weeks, which included exercises, electrotherapy, and gait training. As a result, the patient experienced a reduction in pain, which was rated 2/10 while activity and 1/10 during rest, and an improvement in range of motion, and functional activities. Correcting the gait, enhancing the quality of life, and restoring functional ability are all significantly impacted by physiotherapy. Based on the current case study, conventional physical therapy improved functional goals gradually and significantly, which in turn potentially aided in a successful recovery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.33907
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Fluticasone Propionate with Azelastine Versus Standalone Fluticasone Propionate as Nasal Spray in Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective Comparative Study in a Rural Population of Northern India.

Agrawal, Ayush / Shubhanshu, Kumar / Ahmad, Mohammad Shakeel

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India

2023 Volume 75, Issue 3, Page(s) 2168–2171

Abstract: Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic condition of the nose, caused by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes. Allergic rhinitis is further split into two categories, based on the duration of symptoms: intermittent (IAR) or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic condition of the nose, caused by an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes. Allergic rhinitis is further split into two categories, based on the duration of symptoms: intermittent (IAR) or persistent (PER) disease. Oral or topical antihistamines and topical nasal steroids are the most popular and efficient treatments for allergic rhinitis. Methods: The present prospective comparative study was done between December 2021 to November 2022, with 64 subjects of PER divided into groups A and B. Group A patients received Fluticasone propionate (50 mcg) combined with Azelastine (140 mcg) nasal spray, whereas Group B patients received standalone Fluticasone propionate (50 mcg) nasal spray. Results: In both groups, the difference in mean TSS between the beginning and end of the 4-week study period was statistically significant (p for both < 0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, Group A had a TSS of 2.02 ± 0.83 and Group B was at 3.80 ± 1.49; the difference between them was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: According to results obtained from the current study, while both fluticasone propionate with azelastine nasal spray and standalone fluticasone propionate nasal spray are widely used for control of symptoms in PER, the former offers better results with significant reduction of symptoms when compared to the latter.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-06
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1471137-0
ISSN	0973-7707 ; 2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
ISSN (online)	0973-7707
ISSN	2231-3796 ; 0019-5421
DOI	10.1007/s12070-023-03856-5
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Article ; Online: Detecting Arsenic Contamination Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning.

Agrawal, Ayush / Petersen, Mark R

Toxics

2021 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract: Arsenic, a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin, affects over 200 million people globally. Current detection methods are laborious, expensive, and unscalable, being difficult to implement in developing regions and during crises such as COVID-19. This study ... ...

Abstract	Arsenic, a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin, affects over 200 million people globally. Current detection methods are laborious, expensive, and unscalable, being difficult to implement in developing regions and during crises such as COVID-19. This study attempts to determine if a relationship exists between soil's hyperspectral data and arsenic concentration using NASA's Hyperion satellite. It is the first arsenic study to use satellite-based hyperspectral data and apply a classification approach. Four regression machine learning models are tested to determine this correlation in soil with bare land cover. Raw data are converted to reflectance, problematic atmospheric influences are removed, characteristic wavelengths are selected, and four noise reduction algorithms are tested. The combination of data augmentation, Genetic Algorithm, Second Derivative Transformation, and Random Forest regression (R2=0.840 and normalized root mean squared error (re-scaled to [0,1]) = 0.122) shows strong correlation, performing better than past models despite using noisier satellite data (versus lab-processed samples). Three binary classification machine learning models are then applied to identify high-risk shrub-covered regions in ten U.S. states, achieving strong accuracy (=0.693) and F1-score (=0.728). Overall, these results suggest that such a methodology is practical and can provide a sustainable alternative to arsenic contamination detection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics9120333
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Article: Effectiveness of Gentamicin Wound Irrigation in Preventing Surgical Site Infection During Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Study at a Rural Teaching Hospital in India.

Agrawal, Ayush / Ramachandraiah, Manoj K / Shanthappa, Arun H / Agarawal, Sandesh

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9, Page(s) e46094

Abstract: Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are an opposing result of surgery and account for the majority of healthcare-related infections worldwide. It is one of the most common complications associated with open-spine surgery and is associated with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are an opposing result of surgery and account for the majority of healthcare-related infections worldwide. It is one of the most common complications associated with open-spine surgery and is associated with high rates of mortality and high demand for healthcare resources. Surgical site infections are the result of a variety of reasons, which is why a range of prevention strategies have been proposed. Intraoperative wound irrigation (IOWI) is a simple procedure that involves moving a solution through an open wound to help hydrate the tissue. It is a type of prophylactic wound irrigation. It removes and dilutes bodily fluids, bacteria, and cellular debris. It may also act as a bactericidal agent when used with antibiotics and antiseptics. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the incidence of SSI in lumbar spine surgeries by comparing IOWI with normal saline containing gentamicin (NS-G) and normal saline (NS) alone. Materials and method: A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted among 40 patients who underwent elective lumbar spine surgery at the Department of Orthopaedics, RL Jalappa Hospital Centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India. Result: Out of the total participants enrolled, 60% were males and 40% were females. There was no statistically significant difference found between mean age, mean BMI, mean hemoglobin level, mean WBC counts, and mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels among both groups. The overall prevalence of SSI among patients was 25%. In Group A (NS-G), the prevalence of SSI was 15%, and in Group B (NS), it was 35%. In total, 17.5% of study participants had superficial SSI, while 7.5% had deep SSI. Conclusion: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is bactericidal and efficient against gram-positive organisms like
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.46094
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Book ; Online: Do Language Models Know When They're Hallucinating References?

Agrawal, Ayush / Suzgun, Mirac / Mackey, Lester / Kalai, Adam Tauman

2023

Abstract: State-of-the-art language models (LMs) are famous for "hallucinating" references. These fabricated article and book titles lead to harms, obstacles to their use, and public backlash. While other types of LM hallucinations are also important, we propose ... ...

Abstract	State-of-the-art language models (LMs) are famous for "hallucinating" references. These fabricated article and book titles lead to harms, obstacles to their use, and public backlash. While other types of LM hallucinations are also important, we propose hallucinated references as the "drosophila" of research on hallucination in large language models (LLMs), as they are particularly easy to study. We show that simple search engine queries reliably identify such hallucinations, which facilitates evaluation. To begin to dissect the nature of hallucinated LM references, we attempt to classify them using black-box queries to the same LM, without consulting any external resources. Consistency checks done with "direct" queries about whether the generated reference title is real (inspired by Kadavath et al. 2022, Lin et al. 2022, Manakul et al. 2023) are compared to consistency checks with "indirect" queries which ask for ancillary details such as the authors of the work. These consistency checks are found to be partially reliable indicators of whether or not the reference is a hallucination. In particular, we find that LMs often hallucinate differing authors of hallucinated references when queried in independent sessions, while consistently identify authors of real references. This suggests that the hallucination may be more a generation issue than inherent to current training techniques or representation.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fluid-fluid coexistence in phospholipid membranes induced by decanol.

Suryabrahmam, Buti / Agrawal, Ayush / Raghunathan, V A

Soft matter

2020

Abstract: We have observed fluid-fluid coexistence in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membrane containing 1-decanol, using different experimental techniques and membrane morphologies. This phase behavior is reversible and occurs over a ... ...

Abstract	We have observed fluid-fluid coexistence in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membrane containing 1-decanol, using different experimental techniques and membrane morphologies. This phase behavior is reversible and occurs over a temperature range just above the chain melting transition temperature of the membrane. Although earlier experimental studies and computer simulations have shown the ability of decanol to enhance lipid chain ordering, its potential to induce fluid-fluid coexistence in membranes has not been hitherto recognized. Being the only binary membrane system known so far to exhibit fluid-fluid coexistence, the present system can serve as a simple model to gain a better understanding of mechanisms that drive this unusual phase behavior, which is believed to play an important role in the functioning of cell membranes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191476-X
ISSN	1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
ISSN (online)	1744-6848
ISSN	1744-683X
DOI	10.1039/d0sm01417f
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Article ; Online: Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond.

Metcalf, Isaac / Sidhik, Siraj / Zhang, Hao / Agrawal, Ayush / Persaud, Jessica / Hou, Jin / Even, Jacky / Mohite, Aditya D

Chemical reviews

2023 Volume 123, Issue 15, Page(s) 9565–9652

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites ... ...

Abstract	Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites such as two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have begun to play a significant role in advancing the fundamental understanding of the structural, chemical, and physical properties of halide perovskites, which are technologically relevant. While the chemistry of these 2D materials is similar to that of the 3D halide perovskites, their layered structure with a hybrid organic-inorganic interface induces new emergent properties that can significantly or sometimes subtly be important. Synergistic properties can be realized in systems that combine different materials exhibiting different dimensionalities by exploiting their intrinsic compatibility. In many cases, the weaknesses of each material can be alleviated in heteroarchitectures. For example, 3D-2D halide perovskites can demonstrate novel behavior that neither material would be capable of separately. This review describes how the structural differences between 3D halide perovskites and 2D halide perovskites give rise to their disparate materials properties, discusses strategies for realizing mixed-dimensional systems of various architectures through solution-processing techniques, and presents a comprehensive outlook for the use of 3D-2D systems in solar cells. Finally, we investigate applications of 3D-2D systems beyond photovoltaics and offer our perspective on mixed-dimensional perovskite systems as semiconductor materials with unrivaled tunability, efficiency, and technologically relevant durability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	207949-5
ISSN	1520-6890 ; 0009-2665
ISSN (online)	1520-6890
ISSN	0009-2665
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00214
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Book ; Online: Lyapunov Design for Robust and Efficient Robotic Reinforcement Learning

Westenbroek, Tyler / Castaneda, Fernando / Agrawal, Ayush / Sastry, Shankar / Sreenath, Koushil

2022

Abstract: Recent advances in the reinforcement learning (RL) literature have enabled roboticists to automatically train complex policies in simulated environments. However, due to the poor sample complexity of these methods, solving reinforcement learning problems ...

Abstract	Recent advances in the reinforcement learning (RL) literature have enabled roboticists to automatically train complex policies in simulated environments. However, due to the poor sample complexity of these methods, solving reinforcement learning problems using real-world data remains a challenging problem. This paper introduces a novel cost-shaping method which aims to reduce the number of samples needed to learn a stabilizing controller. The method adds a term involving a control Lyapunov function (CLF) -- an `energy-like' function from the model-based control literature -- to typical cost formulations. Theoretical results demonstrate the new costs lead to stabilizing controllers when smaller discount factors are used, which is well-known to reduce sample complexity. Moreover, the addition of the CLF term `robustifies' the search for a stabilizing controller by ensuring that even highly sub-optimal polices will stabilize the system. We demonstrate our approach with two hardware examples where we learn stabilizing controllers for a cartpole and an A1 quadruped with only seconds and a few minutes of fine-tuning data, respectively.
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2022-08-13
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Vision-aided Dynamic Quadrupedal Locomotion on Discrete Terrain using Motion Libraries

Agrawal, Ayush / Chen, Shuxiao / Rai, Akshara / Sreenath, Koushil

2021

Abstract: In this paper, we present a framework rooted in control and planning that enables quadrupedal robots to traverse challenging terrains with discrete footholds using visual feedback. Navigating discrete terrain is challenging for quadrupeds because the ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we present a framework rooted in control and planning that enables quadrupedal robots to traverse challenging terrains with discrete footholds using visual feedback. Navigating discrete terrain is challenging for quadrupeds because the motion of the robot can be aperiodic, highly dynamic, and blind for the hind legs of the robot. Additionally, the robot needs to reason over both the feasible footholds as well as robot velocity by speeding up and slowing down at different parts of the terrain. We build an offline library of periodic gaits which span two trotting steps on the robot, and switch between different motion primitives to achieve aperiodic motions of different step lengths on an A1 robot. The motion library is used to provide targets to a geometric model predictive controller which controls stance. To incorporate visual feedback, we use terrain mapping tools to build a local height map of the terrain around the robot using RGB and depth cameras, and extract feasible foothold locations around both the front and hind legs of the robot. Our experiments show a Unitree A1 robot navigating multiple unknown, challenging and discrete terrains in the real world. Comment: Accepted to ICRA 2022
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ; Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2021-10-02
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Sequence-Agnostic Multi-Object Navigation

Gireesh, Nandiraju / Agrawal, Ayush / Datta, Ahana / Banerjee, Snehasis / Sridharan, Mohan / Bhowmick, Brojeshwar / Krishna, Madhava

2023

Abstract: The Multi-Object Navigation (MultiON) task requires a robot to localize an instance (each) of multiple object classes. It is a fundamental task for an assistive robot in a home or a factory. Existing methods for MultiON have viewed this as a direct ... ...

Abstract	The Multi-Object Navigation (MultiON) task requires a robot to localize an instance (each) of multiple object classes. It is a fundamental task for an assistive robot in a home or a factory. Existing methods for MultiON have viewed this as a direct extension of Object Navigation (ON), the task of localising an instance of one object class, and are pre-sequenced, i.e., the sequence in which the object classes are to be explored is provided in advance. This is a strong limitation in practical applications characterized by dynamic changes. This paper describes a deep reinforcement learning framework for sequence-agnostic MultiON based on an actor-critic architecture and a suitable reward specification. Our framework leverages past experiences and seeks to reward progress toward individual as well as multiple target object classes. We use photo-realistic scenes from the Gibson benchmark dataset in the AI Habitat 3D simulation environment to experimentally show that our method performs better than a pre-sequenced approach and a state of the art ON method extended to MultiON.
Keywords	Computer Science - Robotics ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2023-05-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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